Category Archives: First Amendment

Columbia Law Schools Knight First Amendment Institute is asking President Donald Trump to unblock people on Twitter and threatening him with legal action if he doesnt comply.

Trump, like many other Twitter users, routinely blocks critics, trolls, and other neer-do-wells from following him on the social media platform. But, as president of the United States, Trump is not like any other Twitter users.

The Knight Institute decided to let Trump know in a letter written on behalf of individuals who have been blockedthat he could be running afoul of the Constitution.

We write on behalf of individuals who have been blocked from your most-followed Twitter account, @realDonaldTrump, because they disagreed with, criticized, or mocked you or your actions as president, the Knight Institute letterreads. This Twitter account operates as a designated public forum for First Amendment purposes, and accordingly the viewpoint-based blocking of our clients is unconstitutional. We ask that you unblock them and any others who have been blocked for similar reasons.

Several users are cited, including Holly OReilly, who goes by the Twitter handle @AynRandPaulRyan. She was blocked after the following Tweet:

The letter complains that the blocking violates the First Amendment because Trumps account constitutes a designated public forum, much like White House press briefings or a city council meeting.

Still, the letter wasnt all criticisms: The Knight Institute praised the president for his use of the social medium to communicate with the public.

Your vigorous use of Twitter to comment about matters mundane as well as momentous has afforded Americans valuable insight into your policies, actions, and beliefs, the letter said. It has also supplied the public with a means of engaging you directly.

The Knight Institute is just trying to make sureallAmerican Twitter users have the chance to share their thoughts with the president.

Top photo: President Donald Trump heads to the Oval Office after speaking in the Rose Garden of the White House on June 1, 2017.

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First Amendment Group Threatens Legal Action Against Trump for Blocking People on Twitter - The Intercept

The editorial "Standing tall for sneakiness" (June 4) accused me of distorting the First Amendment beyond anything the Founders ever imagined. Have you read it lately? It says, in part, that government shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble. And yet the editorial appears to endorse new laws infringing on our right to privacy to join and support groups.

Perhaps you want to limit the right of elected officials, like Eric Greitens, to raise money for advocacy groups. If so, tread carefully. And certainly dont endorse new laws ensnaring groups independent of elected officials from forming and speaking out on public policy while ensuring their members keep their privacy.

In supporting privacy for these groups, the group I run does not stand alone. We stand with the Supreme Court. In NAACP v. Alabama, the court ruled that government cant force nonprofits to turn over their membership lists. The justices warned that such disclosure may constitute as effective a restraint on freedom of association as (other) forms of governmental action.

In Talley v. California, the high court said disclosure requirements would tend to restrict freedom to distribute information and thereby freedom of expression ... fear of reprisal might deter peaceful discussions of public matters of importance.

Such privacy rights related to speech also protect an independent media. Some elected officials want new laws to punish the press for publishing leaks or quoting anonymous sources. The media, including the Post-Dispatch, need to realize that the First Amendment gives it no more rights than citizens who form groups. Attacking citizen rights to free speech undermines the medias rights to the same.

David Keating Alexandria, Va.

President, Center for Competitive Politics

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First Amendment gives advocacy groups a right to privacy - STLtoday.com

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

This is the First Amendment to our Constitution and it is first because it embodies the most important principles of a free country, and our founding fathers viewed the institutionalization of these principles as the highest priority for our new nation.

Political leaders who seek to curb and intimidate the press from exercising its First Amendment rights are usually driven by either a thin-skinned persona that makes them recoil at public criticism, or the need to hide the truth about something that the press is investigating and reporting.

In Donald Trump, it seems we have a president who wants to silence our free press and control the narrative about him for both reasons. First, his blatant need for adoration and applause reveals him to be an insecure egomaniac who angers at anything negative said about him. Second, and more importantly, his efforts to discredit press reports relating to all things relating to the Russia investigation suggests he and/or his team have something to hide.

Thankfully, his calculated characterization of segments of the media as purveyors of fake news and congressional investigations as witch hunts has emboldened rather than discouraged reporters and politicians of conscience to dig deeper. They understand that preserving our First Amendment rights is more important to our country than preserving a Trump presidency that threatens those rights.

Trumps relentless attacks on the Washington Post and New York Times, specifically, and the media generally, are part of a strategy to redirect the publics attention from the story being reported to the source of the reporting. Trump wants his foolish tweet attacks on the media to be the story that activates his base. Unfortunately for him, while his tweets may play well to those who cheer him at his contrived rallies, those folks do not get to vote again until 2020, and he has a big job to do, and a lot to answer for, in the interim.

In his effort to redirect public attention away from the Russia investigation and all things related, Trump attacks the anonymous sources of damaging facts reported in the press, and calls for the prosecution of these leakers. Most reasonable people will agree that the leaking of classified information that potentially compromises our security and/or any military operations should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

The Julian Assanges and Chelsea Mannings of the world will find no comfort here. However, it is very different when someone working in the White House tells the press that the president gave the Russian ambassador classified information during their meeting, and chortled that his firing of FBI Director James Comey takes the heat off. That anonymous source is doing our country a service by alerting us to behavior by our president that breaches the trust of a valuable ally, and fuels/justifies concerns about his relationship with our primary adversary.

If an FBI employee has knowledge of documents that show Trump asked the since-fired FBI director to back off his investigation of Michael Flynn, shouldnt that information come to light? Shouldnt we know if our president is acting improperly, if not criminally? Trumps fragile ego, combined with his prior role as an iron-fisted leader of a private company, prevent him from understanding that his title does not empower him to stop concerned citizens from talking to the press about bad acts committed by public servants.

White House staffers who anonymously leak information to the press do so at great risk. If a newspaper reveals their identity, or they are otherwise uncovered as a source, they would face humiliation, the loss of their job, and their ability to provide the public valuable information. That would also discourage others in government who believe the public should have important facts about a controversial/important subject. The simple truth is that if newspapers reveal their sources, no one will talk to them.

As president of the United States, Trump is the most scrutinized person in the world. There is no excuse for him not understanding that, and his accountability to all Americans. If he cant take that heat, he does not belong in the kitchen.

Richard Ross mediates real estate and business-related disputes and resides in Amesbury.

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Ross's view: The First Amendment and anonymous sources - The Daily News of Newburyport

TwitterIn what might indicate a significant shift in federal priorities for college oversight, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos has picked a civil libertarian activist as deputy assistant secretary for higher education programs.

Adam Kissel served for five years at the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), an organization devoted to trying to preserve free speech and due process on college campuses. FIRE has long battled campus censorship efforts. It has also opposed colleges' turn toward internal disciplinary methods that do not have much respect for due process or for students' rights to defend themselves against claims of sexual misconduct. Those methods were encouraged by the Obama-era Department of Education, so Kissel's appointment may be a sign of a significant shift.

Kissel left FIRE in 2012 and went to work for the Charles Koch Foundation. Picking him for her team suggests that DeVos has an interest in civil liberties on campus. Maybe she should think about ways to encourage her boss in the White House to show more interest in off-campus freedoms.

To read more about Kissel, go here. To see an outraged response by Sen. Patty Murray (D-Washington), who apparently objects to using the same legal standards to prove sexual misconduct in college courts and in ordinary courts, go here.

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Betsy DeVos Names First Amendment Crusader to Prominent Higher Ed Role - Reason (blog)

Of all the incredible statements issuing from the fantasy factory that is the imagination of Donald Trump, the one he recently made in a speech to graduates of the Coast Guard academy, that no politician in history and I say this with great surety has been treated worse or so unfairly sets an unenviable record for brazen ignorance plus a toxic mix of self-aggrandizement and self-pity. In his eyes, the most villainous persecutors are the mainstream fake news organizations that dare to oppose his actions and expose his lies.

So, having already banned nosy reporters from news corporations that he doesnt like, branded their employers as enemies of the nation and expressed a wish to departed FBI Director James Comey that those in the White House who leak his secrets should be jailed, why should there be any doubt that he would, if he could, clap behind bars reporters whom, in his own cockeyed vision, he saw as hostile? His fingers itch to sign an order or even better a law that would give him that power. Could he possibly extract such legislation from Congress?

Such a bill might accuse the press of seditious libel, meaning the circulation of an opinion tending to induce a belief that an action of the government was hostile to the liberties and happiness of the people. It also could be prohibited to defame the president by declarations directly or indirectly to criminate his motives in conducting official business.

With a net that wide, practically anything that carried even the slightest whiff of criticism could incur a penalty of as much as five years in jail and a fine of $5,000. Just for good measure, couple it with an Act Concerning Aliens, giving the president the right to expel any foreign-born resident not yet naturalized whom he considers dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States without a charge or a hearing.

How Trump would relish that kind of imaginary power over his enemies!

I didnt make up those words. They are part of actual laws the Alien and Sedition Acts, passed in the summer of 1798 and signed by John Adams, our second president and titular leader of the conservative Federalist Party. Men were actually tried, imprisoned and fined for such sedition. If anyone believes that under the First Amendment gagging the media cant happen here, the answer is that it already has.

How did it happen? Just as it could happen again today in the midst of a national emergency. In Adams day, it was a war scare with France that produced a flurry of stand behind the president resolutions, a hugely expanded military budget (including the beginnings of the US Navy), demonstrations of approval in front of Adams residence and a conviction among the Federalists that members of Congress who talked of peace namely the Republicans, the pro-French opposition party who at that time were the more liberal of the two parties, [held] their countrys honor and safety too cheap.

In other words, just the kind of emergency that could be produced at any time in our present climate by a terrorist attack here at home genuine, exaggerated or contrived and pounced upon by the man in the White House.

Do I exaggerate? Read the chilling report of the April 30 interview between Jon Karl of ABC News and Trump chief of staff Reince Priebus, who said the president might change libel laws so he could sue publishers. When Karl suggested that this might require amending the Constitution, Priebus replied, I think its something that weve looked at, and how that gets executed or whether that goes anywhere is a different story.

This is reality. A lying president aspiring to become a tinpot dictator is making his move. Its time to be afraid, but not too afraid to be prepared.

Lets briefly flash back to 1798. In the bitter contest between Federalists and Republicans, their weapons were the rambunctious, robust and nose-thumbing newspapers of the time, run by owner-editors and publishers who simply called themselves printers. They werent above dirtying their own hands with smears of ink, nor was there any tradition of objectivity. A British traveler of a slightly later time wrote that defamation exists all over the world, but it is incredible to what extent this vice is carried in America.

Nobody escaped calumny, not even the esteemed father of his country. Benjamin Franklin Bache, Republican editor of the Philadelphia Aurora, commented as George Washington departed office that his administration had been tainted with dishonor, injustice, treachery, meanness and perfidy . . . if ever a nation was debauched by a man, the American nation has been debauched by WASHINGTON.

Bache also had had harsh words for old, bald, blind, querulous, toothless, crippled John Adams, sounding very much like a pre-dawn Trump tweet aimed at some critic of His Mightiness. You might not find that kind of personal invective now in The New York Times or The Washington Post, but its familiar on right-wing talk radio and would sound at home coming from the mouths of Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity or Ann Coulter. The mode of dissemination changes; the ugliness at the core is unchanged.

Stung and furious, Adams and his Federalist supporters in Congress pushed the Sedition Act through Congress, though by a narrow majority. But could it survive a legal challenge from the Republican minority under the First Amendments guarantee of press freedom? The Federalists answered with a legal interpretation that the guarantee only covered prior restraint, which meant that a license from a government censor was required before publication of any opinion. Once it actually emerged in print, however, it had to take its chances with libel and defamation suits, even by public officials. Today,prior restraint is judicially dead, but the question of who is a public official and can be criticized without fear of retaliation in the courts continues to produce litigation.

But in 1787 argument made little difference. With the trumpets and drums of war blaring and thundering, the Constitution, as usually happens in such times, was little more than a paper barrier. Some provisions were added that would help the defense in a prosecution under its provisions. Moreover, the act was ticketed to expire automatically on March 3, 1801, the day before a new president and Congress would take office and either renew the law or leave it in its grave which is precisely what happened when Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans eventually won the 1800 election.

Nevertheless, during its slightly more than two years in force that produced only a handful of indictments, the Sedition Act did some meaningful damage. It produced what Jefferson called a reign of witches harmful enough to prove it was a travesty of justice, but not enough to become a full-blown reign of terror like the disappearances and executions of modern tyrannies.

The act never succeeded in its purpose of muzzling all criticism of the government, and in fact worked to the contrary. The toughest sentence 18 months in jail and a fine of $450 a huge sum in those days when whole families never saw as much as $100 in cash was imposed on a Massachusetts eccentric who put up a Liberty Pole in Dedham denouncing the acts and cheering for Jefferson and the Republicans. Other convictions for equally innocuous crimes defined by zealous prosecutors as sedition inflicted undeserved punishment by any standard of fairness. But two were especially consequential thanks to the backlash they produced.

One involved Matthew Lyon, a hot-tempered Vermont congressman, who ran a newspaper in which he accused Adams of a continual grasp for power and a thirst for ridiculous pomp that should have put him in a madhouse. For that he got a $1,000 fine and four months of jail time in an unheated felons cell in midwinter. But numerous Republican admirers raised the money to pay his fine. Asenator from Virginia rode north to personally deliver saddlebags full of collected cash. Lyon even ran for re-election from jail in December and swamped his opponent by 2,000 votes. His return to his seat in the House was celebrated joyfully by Republican crowds.

Jedidiah Peck from upstate New York was also indicted for his heinous offense of circulating a petition for the repeal of both the Alien and Sedition Acts. At each stop in his five-day trip to New York City for trial, the sight of him in manacles, watched over by a federal marshal, provoked anti-Federalist demonstrations. His case was dropped in 1800, and he was also easily re-elected to his seat in the New York assembly.

In fact, the entire Republican triumph in that years election was in good part a backlash to the censorship power grab of the Federalists. Literate voters of 1800, kept informed by a vigorous press, were not going to put padlocks on their tongues or take Federalist overreach lying down. Maybe it was from ingrained love of liberty or plain orneriness, or maybe because they were tougher to distract than we their heirs, beset by a constant barrage of entertainment, advertisements and other forms of trivial amusements.

Because that stream of noise is constant and virtually unavoidable by anyone not living in a cave, we are vulnerable to the tactic of the unapologetic Big Lie. If Trump keeps repeating fake news over and over at every exposure of some misdemeanor, eventually the number of believers in that falsehood will swell.

Genuine trouble is at our doorstep. If that statement from Reince Priebus is taken at face value, our bully-in-chief is looking for nothing less than control of the court of public opinion through management of the media by criminalizing criticism all behind a manufactured faade of governing in the name of the people.

With the example of 1798 before us, we need to resolve that any such effort can and must be met with the same kind of opposition mounted by that first generation of Americans living under the Constitution. If we want to be worthy of them, we need to use all our strength and resolution in deploying tactics of resistance. We need to fill the streets, overwhelm our lawmakers with calls and letters, reward them with our votes when they check the arrogance of power and strengthen their backbones when they waver. Any of us who gets a chance to speak at public gatherings and ceremonies should grab it to remind the audience that without freedom of speech, assembly and protest there is no real freedom. If the First Amendment vanishes, the rest of the Bill of Rights goes with it. And were dangerously close.

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Red alert: The First Amendment is in danger - Salon

DeVos Appoints First Amendment Advocate to Key Position Inside Higher Ed Education Secretary Betsy DeVos has appointed Adam Kissel, formerly of the Koch Foundation and the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, deputy assistant secretary for higher education programs, the department confirmed Monday. Politico first ... and more »

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DeVos Appoints First Amendment Advocate to Key Position - Inside Higher Ed

Levin: The Media Are Destroying the 1st Amendment, Freedom of the Press by Abusing It CNSNews.com (blog) On his radio program Friday, nationally syndicated host Mark Levin slammed the media, saying that they are destroying the first amendment's freedom of the press provision by abusing it. The media are destroying the first amendment, stated Mark Levin.

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Levin: The Media Are Destroying the 1st Amendment, Freedom of the Press by Abusing It - CNSNews.com (blog)

Its a sure bet that the summer plans for 16 Union County, South Dakota, residents look a lot different today than they did a week ago.

The 11 women and five men constitute the jury in the defamation lawsuit brought by Dakota Dunes-based Beef Products Inc. against ABC and Jim Avila, a senior correspondent for the broadcaster. BPIs $1.9 billion lawsuit is scheduled to last eight weeks, potentially concluding in late July.

BPI is bringing suit under a 1994 state law that makes it illegal to knowingly disparage agriculture products with falsehoods. The law allows for treble damages, which in BPIs case would amount to $5.7 billion.

South Dakota is one of 13 states with laws that protect agriculture from disparagement. State legislatures began passing the laws after a 1993 decision in Washington where a court rejected efforts by apple farmers to punish 60 Minutes for a story that questioned the use of pesticides on apples, said Dave Heller, the deputy director of the Medial Law Resource Center.

BPI filed suit in September 2012 following a series of negative reports aired by ABC about BPIs signature product, Lean Finely Textured Beef. Following the reports, many of BPIs major customers stopped buying LFTB, which was used as a lean beef filler in hamburger. The fallout from those reports forced the company to close three of four plants and eliminate half its work force.

Roy Gutterman, the director of the Tully Center for Free Speech at Syracuse University, said the laws were intended to intimidate and chill news coverage. He noted that the term pink slime, which was used in ABCs broadcast to describe LFTB, was consistent with language used in the industry.

The pink slime case is an affront to the First Amendment, he said in an email. The damages being sought are outrageous.

Patrick Garry, a law professor at the University of South Dakota School of Law, said that BPI has a high bar because of First Amendment speech protections. BPI must prove that ABC acted with malice that it knowingly reported falsehoods with a desire to hurt BPI.

While the media has long-held legal protections, Garry wonders if this is the right case at the right time that could puncture some of those protections. BPI could have access to internal ABC documents showing the networks reports were biased, opening the door to a malice claim.

Steve Kay, who publishes Cattle Buyers Weekly, said it appeared to him that ABC set out to disparage a product that had been used around the world for years.

Im trying to be as neutral as possible, but by most standards of responsible journalism it appeared to be distorted and biased and extremely unreasonable, Kay said.

Eldon Roth, BPIs CEO, founded the company in 1981. He pioneered a method, Kay said, of extracting lean beef from fatty portions of cattle that had previously been rendered. BPIs method relied on centrifuges to extract the lean beef, which could then be added to hamburger, making a leaner product.

Roth further revolutionized the product following an E. coli outbreak that sickened hundreds in 1993 who ate hamburgers sold by Jack in the Box. He developed a process in which LFTB was treated with ammonium hydroxide to kill E. coli and other microbes.

The outcry is ironic, Kay said, because it was arguably the safest product on the market.

ABCs whole approach to BPI didnt make any sense to me, Kay said. It seemed to ignore the whole history of the product.

ABC wasnt the first media outlet to report on the process of making LFTB. The New York Times discovered an email in which a U.S. Department of Agriculture microbiologist described the product as pink slime. The paper referred to the email in a 2009 investigation, which uncovered reports of salmonella and E. coli in BPI products used in school lunches.

While no outbreaks were tied to BPI, the report by the Times included skepticism about the products safety among school lunch officials. In 2011, McDonalds, Burger King and Taco Bell abandoned LFTB.

Then came ABCs series of reports in March of 2012. Although the network broke little ground in terms of what had already been reported by the likes of The New York Times and others, its reporting set off a wave of negative reaction about LFTB. Grocers abandoned the product and USDA said school lunch programs didnt have to use beef that included LFTB.

BPIs revenues plummeted from $1.1 billion in 2011 to $400 million last year, Kay said. ABCs reports had an immediate and lasting impact on BPIs business.

No way has their business even more than partially recovered, Kay said.

Much of the outcry about LFTB and a focus of ABCs reporting was on the use of ammonia to kill microbes. Although ammonia is used in other processed foods and was OKd by USDA for use at certain levels for LFTB, food advocates were outraged that it wasnt on the product label. Nor were consumers alerted to the fact that LFTB portions come from parts of the animal that had previously been rendered or used outside of the food chain.

Michele Simon, a public health attorney and author who wrote about the topic, and who was deposed in the case, said ABCs reports exposed the vast underbelly of the industrial meat system.

I dont think anyone was claiming it was unsafe, just disgusting, Simon said.

Kay, however, says it would be impractical to describe the processes of making hamburger with LFTB on product labeling. BPI, he added, has always been open about its product and the processes it used.

But Simon says the company had no answer about why it wasnt being more transparent. And she said she doesnt know why anyone in the news industry would have it out for BPI.

Its a typical shooting-the-messenger act, she said.

ABC tried but failed to move the case from state court to federal court. The loss meant that it will be forced to defend itself in BPIs backyard.

Its hard to predict what will happen in this trial, Heller said in an email. ABC is in the plaintiffs home turf at a time of unprecedented hostility toward the press as purveyors of fake news. On the other hand, you will have a jury of average Americans probably more concerned with what they put on the family dinner table than the public relations of a beef processor.

Juries, Garry said, are often sympathetic to people who make defamation claims and give generous awards. But often, those awards are reversed on appeal, and Garry said he expects this case to be appealed, especially if the verdict goes against ABC.

Besides the Washington apple case that spurred state disparagement laws, Heller noted that nearly 20 years ago, Oprah Winfrey won a case in Texas after cattle ranchers attempted to silence her concerns about beef safety.

If the past is any track record, courts and juries will not be quick to shut down legitimate public debate about what we eat, he said.

While its true that opinions about food can substantially impact the bottom line of a manufacturer, thats a product of the free exchange of ideas, Heller said. We dont need the government to put its thumb on the scale and chill debate about what we are eating and how its made.

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Billions of dollars, First Amendment protections, at stake in ABC ... - Sioux City Journal

Matthew Leonard Published 2:24 p.m. ET June 4, 2017 | Updated 12 hours ago

Mt. Hope Cemetery has a different type of underground tunnel, made by nuisance wildlife, groundhogs. David Andreatta and Tina MacIntyre-Yee

(Right,) USA TODAY Albany bureau chief Joe Spector and (left) correspondent Jon Campbell with their NYSAPA awards for Investigative Reporting awarded in Saratoga Springs on June 3. Spector won 1st place, Campbell won 3rd.(Photo: Karen Magnuson/ executive editor and vice president/news)

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. The Democrat and Chronicle has been awarded a major New York First Amendment award; an acknowledgment of its vigilant efforts to defend the public's right to know, and to pursue legal options where necessary.

Thataccolade was one of the dozen awards that Democrat and Chronicle and its Albany bureau staff took away from theNew York State Associated Press Association's contest for stories broadcast, printed or posted online in 2016, announced Saturday night at the organization's annual banquet in Saratoga Springs.

The Democrat and Chronicle's nomination for the First Amendment Award (Newspapers) was built around its efforts to gain access to public records including a sealed complaint made against the late Assemblyman Bill Nojay and for efforts to gain access to records from the SUNY Polytechnic Institute.

The First Amendment award also acknowledges the dogged persistence of Albany Bureau correspondent Jon Campbell whose reporting resulted in media and public access to two semi-public boards overseeing the spending by SUNY Poly.

"The Democrat & Chronicle is fighting the Freedom of Information battle on many fronts," the judging panel commented. "Among the many initiatives the paper is engaged in, we were specifically impressed with the newsrooms efforts to open up semi-public board meetings. This is becoming a growing issue for many newsrooms."

The organization'sstaff also took first place in the categories of Spot News Coverage, for team reporting on the death by suicide of AssemblymanBill Nojay, two awards in the Investigative Reporting category including first place for "Why NY's School-Aid Formula is Flunking" byUSA TODAY Albany Bureau chief Joe Spector, and first place for columnist, going to David Andreatta.

The awards also recognized excellence in Business andArts/Entertainment journalism as well as the work of photography and digital staff.

"While we are excited about being recognized in several categories of coverage, the First Amendment Award is very special to our entire newsroom." said the Democrat and Chronicle's Executive Editor and Vice President/News Karen Magnuson.

"Our highest priority is being a watchdog for the community.We thank our president, Dan Norselli, for his support in going to court when necessary to gain access to information the public has a right to know.Im honored to work with journalists who wont take no for an answer and relentlessly dig for the truth. Rest assured, well continue to fight the good fight and hold public officials accountable, no matter what challenges we face!" Magnuson said Sunday.

The full list of award winners includes:

Spot News Coverage: 1, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Assemblyman Commits Suicide."

Investigative Reporting: 1, Joe Spector, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Why NY's School-Aid Formula is Flunking"; 3, Jon Campbell, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "The Cost of I Love NY."

Depth/Enterprise Reporting: 2, Patti Singer, Sean Lahman and Max Schulte, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Nursing Homes: Error After Error";

Column: 1, David Andreatta, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle;

Business Writing: 2, Brian Sharp, (Rochester) I, "Silicon Valley of Food;"

Arts/Entertainment Reporting: 2, Jeff Spevak, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "WOW Factor the Wendy O. Williams We Didn't Know"

Digital Presence: 2, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle.

Feature Photo: 2, Tina MacIntyre-Yee, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Jumping Through Fire."

Sports Photo: 3, Jamie Germano, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Off with the Helmet."

Video: 3, Tina MacIntyre-Yee and David Andreatta, (Rochester) Democrat and Chronicle, "Groundhogs Make Mt. Hope Cemetery Holey Ground."

Other USA TODAY properties across New York also wonother major categories.

THE PHOTO: Senior Pastor John Morgan of Faith on Fire Fellowship told the crowd before he jumped through a wall of fire on his bicycle that it symbolizes a person's launch in life, the gap between ramps was the highs and lows in life and the wall of fire, the end of life. The breaking through the wall, he said, is giving your life to Jesus Christ. FROM TINA: Pretty cool to see and capture this. It happened so fast. They lit the wall and floor then after the flames got really big he was through it. It must have happened in literally less than a minute.(Photo: TINA MACINTYRE-YEE/@tyee23/staff photographer)

@mleonardmedia

This story includes reporting by the Associated Press.

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'Democrat and Chronicle' wins major First Amendment Award and other AP journalism prizes - Rochester Democrat and Chronicle

The Post and Courier's "Watched" series chronicling police surveillance tactics has won the grand prize for work advancing the principles of the First Amendment in thethe 2017 Associated Press Media Editors Awards.

The three-part series by reporters Glenn Smith and Andrew Knapp was among the top honorees in the annual APME Awards, which recognizes watchdog journalism that saved lives, exposed bias, held government officials accountable and shed light on hidden practices. Winners will be recognized at an October conference in Washington, D.C.

"Watched" detailed how police forces across the United States are stockpiling massive databases with personal information from millions of Americans who simply crossed paths with officers. The series explored the pervasive but little-known police practice of gathering data from "suspicious" citizens in the absence of an arrest. That data can be stored indefinitely and used to track a persons movements and habits over time.

Critics contend the practice can intrude on privacy and keep innocent people under a permanent cloud of suspicion.

APME judges noted the series "produced results in Charleston, where the police chief announced an initiative to purge innocent people from the departments database, and won praise from civil libertarians and police alike for shedding light on surveillance techniques often hidden from public view."

"Watched" had previously won a National Headliner Award and took first-place honors for investigative and public service reporting in the South Carolina Press Association Awards.

Reach Glenn Smith at 843-937-5556 or follow him on Twitter @glennsmith5.

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Post and Courier wins prestigious APME First Amendment award for series on police tracking methods - Charleston Post Courier