Monthly Archives: May 2023

What is biotin? Foods to eat and if you should take it every day – USA TODAY

Posted: May 18, 2023 at 1:05 am

Delaney Nothaft| Special to USA TODAY

You may have heard of biotin in regard to potential ways to strengthen your hair and nails. And it does! But it is also responsible for so much more like aiding in the breakdown of food.

We spoke with Kelly Morrow, MS, RDN, FAND, a registered dietitian and clinical affiliate of the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Washington, and Clara Di Vincenzo, RD, LD, a registered dietitian for the Digestive Health Institute at UT Health Austin. They told us everything you need to know biotin, including information about supplements and which foods are rich in biotin.

Di Vincenzo says, Biotin is known to be essential in the strengthening of hair and nails. Morrow says that this is because Biotin is important for gene expression and the growth of new cells.

But it is also a B-vitamin that helps us metabolize or break down the food that we eat into carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which are the building blocks that help us with body processes, Di Vincenzo emphasizes.

Morrow adds, It helps keep blood sugar balanced by helping the liver to release glucose into the blood when we have gone for a long time between meals.

Di Vincenzo says, We can get adequate amounts of biotin from the food that we eat and from bacteria in our large intestine. Most people do not need a supplement. Its water soluble, so an excess amount would get excreted in the urine.

However, a biotin deficiency is possible. Both Morrow and Di Vincenzo describe some of the warning signs as:

Di Vincenzo recommends that if you have symptoms of biotin deficiency, you should follow up with your doctor and get regular blood work and evaluate for deficiency before jumping to a supplement. Food is our primary source of fuel, Di Vincenzo emphasizes. More often than not we can find the nutrients we need in foods themselves rather than supplementation, she adds.

Biotin is actually produced by bacteria in your gut, which is one source of the biotin you need. Foods that are high in biotin include:

In conclusion: supplementation with biotin supplements is generally safe, but it may not be as effective as having a balanced, nutritional diet. And if you are concerned about a biotin deficiency, you may want to have a conversation with your doctor or add biotin-rich foods to your diet, like eggs. Or beans. Or, my southwest favorite an omelet filled with beans.

More about supplements: What are dietary supplements and how can they lead to better health?

Report suggests: Take vitamins and supplements? You may be wasting your money on them.

The experts: Do collagen supplements work?

More: Everyone is talking about biotin supplements. Here's what you need to know.

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Best vitamins to be taking as seasons change, according to health expert – Daily Record

Posted: at 1:05 am

With summer creeping in, people will be looking to get out a little more and make the most of good weather while it's here.

However, it may be worth considering what vitamins you're taking, as with more sunlight, you might not need quite as much vitamin D supplementation. And likewise, you may want to bump up the number of vitamins you're taking elsewhere, such as Vitamin C which can help shield you from pollutants in the outside air.

With that in mind, Public Health Nutritionist Dr Emma Derbyshire from the Health & Food Supplements Information Service (HSIS) has named some vitamins we should prioritise.

According to the expert, these four vitamin groups may be worth taking as summer weather continues to creep in.

You may be getting more sunlight now but it is still important to maintain good levels of vitamin D.

"Levels of vitamin D will be low at the end of the winter and moving into spring," says the Public Health Nutritionist. Dr Emma Derbyshire from the Health & Food Supplements Information Service (HSIS).

"Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium and healthy bones and teeth as well as for immune function.

"The UK government recommends that we all take a 10 microgram daily supplement throughout the year but especially in winter through to spring."

Similarly, Vitamin C is important as you will be spending more time outside with more exposure to the outside air.

"Vitamin C protects cells from the oxidative damage caused by pollutants. [It] also helps with the absorption of iron," says the expert. "Many women are short of iron particularly during their reproductive years so boosting vitamin C intake helps to reduce the risk of iron deficiency and the tiredness and fatigues that can cause."

You can find it in citrus fruits, tomatoes and peppers as well as multivitamin and multimineral supplements

B vitamins include thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2) and vitamin B6, niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid, vitamin B6 (also known as pyridoxine) and biotin (vitamin B7).

And though it is a B vitamin, it is important to look at vitamin B12 independently, says Derbyshire, as it impacts so many different aspects of our health.

"Vitamin B12 is essential for several issues we need help with in the spring from immune function to tiredness and fatigue.

"Spring is also a time when you might decide to cut back on the stodgier foods of winter. You might opt for a plant-rich diet which is healthy but if you cut out meat and other animal-source foods you are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency."

"Folate is vital for immune function which may have taken a battering by springtime. Its also important for reducing tiredness and fatigue, says Derbyshire.

"Top up your levels by eating kale, broccoli, spinach, chickpeas and a supplement containing folic acid."

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KITTEN YOGA RETURNS TO EAST BANK REGIONAL LIBRARY … – Jefferson Parish

Posted: at 1:05 am

NEWS RELEASE

JEFFERSON PARISH, LOUISIANA

May 17, 2023FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

KITTEN YOGA RETURNS TO EAST BANK REGIONAL LIBRARY

JEFFERSON, LA Kitten Yoga, a playful class in which patrons work through a yoga class while kittens scamper around the room, will occur again this June and July at the East Bank Regional Library, 4747 W. Napoleon Ave., Metairie.

This event is free of charge and open to the public. There is no registration. This event is open to patrons 12 years of age and older.

Cats and kittens from Jefferson Protection & Animal Welfare Services (JPAWS) will be on-site to meet and greet, play with and be available for adoption.

Classes will occur at the following times and dates.

Supplies to help JPAWS will be accepted. In-need items include: Royal Canin Mother and Baby Cat Wet and Dry Food, Royal Canin Kitten Wet and Dry Food, Fancy Feast Kitten Wet Food, 1ml syringes without needles, kitten milk replacement, kitten bowls, towels, hand sanitizer, Tidy Cats clay litter, dog and cat toys, Dawn dish soap, cat treats, Tiki Cat Baby and Thrive food/supplements, and gift cards to Amazon, Jefferson Feed, Petco, PetSmart and Walmart.

For more information regarding this event, contact Chris Smith, Manager of Adult Programming for the library, at 504-889-8143 or wcsmith@jefferson.lib.la.us.

For more information about Jefferson Parish, visit http://www.JeffParish.net Residents can also receive regular updates by following the Parish on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram (@JeffParishGov) or by texting JPALERT or JPNOTICIAS to 888-777.

###

Jefferson Parish Public Information Office

1221 Elmwood Park Boulevard, Suite 1002

Jefferson, LA 70123

JPALERT SIGN UP TO RECEIVE EMERGENCY ALERTS

Gretchen Hirt Gendron, PIO

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8 Best Fiber Supplements of 2023, Tested by Experts – Good Housekeeping

Posted: at 1:05 am

There are two main types of fiber: soluble and insoluble, and both types are recommend for optimal health. According to Cabrero, it is important to note that most plant-based foods have a combination of both types of fiber, and depending on the condition you want to treat, you may want to highlight one over the other.

Soluble fiber: As the name implies, this type of fiber dissolves in water. "It acts like a sponge and can help bulk up your stool, softening it and making it easier to pass," Cabrero says. "Many soluble fibers are also fermentable fibers," and can help to create a healthy gut microbiome because "they are the food of choice for beneficial bacteria." It is associated with slowing digestion time, can help you feel fuller longer and may aid in weight management. It is also associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, improved blood sugar control and decreased cholesterol levels.

Insoluble fiber: This type of fiber does not dissolve in water but it works to bulk your stool and it can help promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation. It is often found in plant foods that seem rough or stringy, or have a tough skin, hull, peel, pod or seeds. For this reason, insoluble fiber is often referred to as roughage, according to Cabrero. "Insoluble fiber can help regulate bowel movements by creating mechanical stimulation and triggering motility," she adds.

Food sources of fiber: Most plant foods contain a combination of both soluble and insoluble fiber and the best way to get fiber in your diet is to eat a diet diverse in fruits and vegetables. "Eat what you like and what feels more comfortable to your gut and your palate," Cabrero says. If fiber-rich foods tend to contribute to gas or bloating, Cabrero recommends "sometimes modifying textures such as cooking, blending or finely chopping, [which] can help the digestibility." Examples of foods that are a rich source of fiber include:

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FDA Passes the Buck (Back) to Congress for Legislative Solution on … – JD Supra

Posted: at 1:05 am

While the state of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations (FDAs) regulation of Cannabidiol (CBD) remains gray, the agency now sees a path forward through federal legislation. Heres what companies in the cannabis industry need to know:

The FDA is looking to provide a new regulatory pathway for CBD, while still committing to its enforcement of unlawful CBD marketing and sales. On January 26, 2023, the FDAissueda statement acknowledging that a new regulatory pathway for CBD is neededone that balances access to CBD products with regulatory oversight. The statement included the FDAs denial of three citizen petitions that asked the agency to conduct rulemaking to allow the marketing of CBD products as dietary supplements. The FDAs existing authorities provide limited tools for managing many of the risks associated with CBD products, andaccording to the FDAit is not apparent how CBD products could meet safety standards for dietary supplements or food additives under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). In the statement, the FDA says it is looking to Congress to develop a cross-agency strategy for the regulation of these products to protect the publics health and safety.

The FDAs recent move to shift the responsibility of CBD regulation to Congress is just the latest instance in a longstanding game of regulatory hot potato. On April 17, 2023, the Chair of the House Oversight and Accountability Committee sent aletterto the FDA Commissioner, announcing an investigation into the FDAs decision to not engage rulemaking for CBD and criticized the insufficient rationale for inaction on CBD regulations.

Current Regulation of CBDTwo Steps Forward, Three Steps Back

2018 Farm Bill

All hemp is cannabis, but not all cannabis is hemp. CBD is the second most prevalent active ingredient in cannabis (behind THC), and while it is an essential component of marijuana, it can also be derived from the hemp plant. Three hemp derivatives (hemp seed oil, hemp seed protein powder, and hulled hemp seedalso known as hemp hearts) were firstgenerally recognized as safe (GRAS)food ingredients in 2018 by the FDA. Up until April 2018, all CBD was considered a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) because it is a chemical component of the cannabis plant. However, the2018 U.S. Farm Billremoved hemp-derived CBD with very low levels of THC (0.3 percent or less) from the definition of marijuana in the CSA. Over the past five years, industry stakeholders have advocated for regulation of the gray area of CBD outside that limited definition of the Farm Billspecifically, regulation of cannabis-derived CBD and of hemp-derived CBD with levels of THC over 0.3 percent.

The 2018 Farm Bill explicitly preserved the FDAs authorities over hemp products, including hemp-derived CBD, meaning that hemp products must meet any applicable FDA requirements and standards, just like any other FDA-regulated product. For example, the FDAs existing authorities over foods, dietary supplements, human and animal drugs, and cosmetics apply to hemp products to the extent such hemp products fall within those categories. These products include food or beverage products labeled as containing CBD that you may see at your local grocery store. However, aside from the three GRAS hemp ingredients, the FDA has not approved any CBD ingredients for food and beverage products.

By the FDAs own admission, the FDAs existing authorities provide limited tools for managing many of the risks associated with CBD products, and it is not apparent how CBD products could meet safety standards for dietary supplements or food additives under the FD&C Act, as discussed more below. The FDA has stated that, because CBD is outside of the statutory definition of a dietary supplement, it is unlawful under the FD&C Act to introduce into interstate commerce a food (including any animal food or feed) to which CBD (an unregulated substance) has been added. This rule limits makers of food and beverage products containing cannabis-derived CBD or hemp-derived CBD with any levels of THC from shipping their products online, even if they are selling their products in states where CBD is legal.

Pathways to Regulation of CBD

The FDA has interpreted two similar provisions in the FD&C Act prohibiting marketing of hemp-derived CBD known as the exclusionary clauses: one for foods (FD&C Act 301(ll)) and one for dietary supplements (FD&C Act 321(ff)(3)(B)). The exclusionary clause for dietary supplements states that the dietary supplements do not include an article that was either approved as a new drug, antibiotic, or biologic, or authorized for investigation as a drug, antibiotic, or biological for which substantial clinical investigations have been instituted and made public.

However, a dietary supplement that would otherwise be excluded can be exempted if the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) issues a regulation (following the notice and comment process) finding the article would be lawful for use as a food or dietary supplement. But the FDA has held firm that this is not a possible route for CBD regulation because it has previously been investigated as a new drug. The FDA points to the June 2018 approval of CBD-based drugEpidiolex, which treats seizures associated with two very rare and severe pediatric epileptic syndromes.

Since 2019, three industry trade organizations have filed citizen petitions with the FDA, each addressing longstanding industry desires to the use of CBD in dietary supplements, conventional foods, and animal food. The petitions, submitted byConsumer Healthcare Products Association,Council for Responsible Nutrition(CRN), andNatural Products Association, propose that the FDA require manufacturers of dietary supplements containing CBD to submit a new dietary ingredient notification for CBD and use appropriate labeling and claimsas opposed to using drug claims. Alternatively, the organizations propose, the FDA can clarify the definition of article for purposes of the exclusionary clause. For example, CRN asserted that hemp extracts that contain CBD should not be classified as the same article when Epidiolex involved a 99 percent pure CBD, while many commercially available hemp extract contain numerous cannabinoids other than CBD, flavonoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals. Lastly, the organizations ask that the Secretary of HHS engage in the notice and comment process, issuing a final rule legalizing CBD.

The FDAs Desire to Find a Path ForwardJust Not Through Them

On January 26, 2023, the FDAissueda statement acknowledging that, while a new regulatory pathway for CBD is needed that balances access to CBD products with regulatory oversight, it would not be doing so through rulemaking. The statement also announced the FDAs denial of the three citizen petitions asking the agency to conduct rulemaking to allow the marketing of CBD products as dietary supplements.

The FDA continued in its statement that CBD raises various safety concerns with long-term use, and a new regulatory pathway would benefit consumers by providing safeguards and oversight to manage and minimize risks related to CBD products.

The statement notes that a high-level internal working group, chaired by Principal Deputy CommissionerJanet Woodcock, has closely examined studies related to the CBD-based drugEpidiolex. Commissioner Woodcock stated: Given the available evidence, it is not apparent how CBD products could meet safety standards for dietary supplements or food additives. For example, we have not found adequate evidence to determine how much CBD can be consumed, and for how long, before causing harm.

The FDAs concern is not without basisin a recent studypublished on April 25, 2023, in JAMA, researchers found that one of the 25 products labeled as melatonin gummies tested contained no melatonin at allit was just CBD.

Instead of pursuing rulemaking allowing the use of CBD in dietary supplements, conventional foods, or animal food, the FDA said it is looking to collaborate with Congress. The FDA said it looks forward to working with Congress to develop a cross-agency strategy for the regulation of these products to protect the publics health and safety.

Havent We Been Here Before?

Yesa few times. In 2021, bipartisan groups in both the House and Senate introduced bills that would address the regulatory gap for hemp-derived CBD. In May 2021, a bipartisan group of senators introduced the Hemp Access and Consumer Safety Act, and in December 2021, a bipartisan group of representatives introduced the CBD Product Safety and Standardization Act. Both bills, which would require the FDA to develop regulations for food and beverages containing hemp-derived CBD and allow for their interstate commerce, only made it as far as referrals to their respective health committees in 2021.

On March 17, 2023, theCBD Product Safety and Standardization Act(HR 1628) was reintroduced in the House along with a new siblingtheHemp and Hemp-Derived CBD Consumer Protection and Market Stabilization Act of 2023(HR 1629). The former proposes to authorize the regulation of interstate commerce with respect to food containing cannabidiol derived from hemp, and for other purposes; the latter proposes to make hemp, cannabidiol derived from hemp, and any other ingredient derived from hemp lawful for use under the [FD&C] Act as a dietary ingredient in a dietary supplement, and for other purposes. The new bills would direct the FDA to issue regulations establishing a maximum allowable amount of CBD per serving, labeling and packaging requirements, and conditions of intended use.

On April 17, 2023, the Chair of the House Oversight and Accountability Committee, Representative James Comer (R-KY) sent aletterto the FDA Commissionerin direct response to the FDAs January statementannouncing an investigation into the FDAs decision to not engage rulemaking for CBD. Representative Comer wrote that the agencys argument that theres not a regulatory pathway to enact CBD regulations is an insufficient rationale for inaction that is directly affecting the welfare of the American public. Representative Comer listed documents and information for the FDA to provide to the committee by May 1, 2023:

The FDA has not yet responded to the request.

Next Steps for Manufacturers

Manufacturers of hemp-derived CBD products will need to closely monitor the FDAs and Congresss pathway for CBD and be careful to not violate the FD&C Act in the interim. The FDA said in the January 26th statement that it will continue its enforcement actions against CBD and other cannabis-derived products to protect the public.

James Ravitz and Marissa Hill Daleycontributed to the preparation of this Wilson Sonsini Alert.

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The Wellness Trap: Break Free from Diet Culture, Disinformation, and Dubious Diagnoses, and Find Your True Well-Being – Next Big Idea Club Magazine

Posted: at 1:05 am

Christy Harrison is a journalist and registered dietitian specializing in disordered-eating recovery. certified intuitive eating counselor, and journalist who writes about food and nutrition. She is the founder and host of the Food Psych podcast. Her writing has appeared in the New York Times, SELF, BuzzFeed, WIRED, Refinery29, Slate, and The Food Network.

Below, Christy shares 5 key insights from her new book, The Wellness Trap: Break Free from Diet Culture, Disinformation, and Dubious Diagnoses, and Find Your True Well-Being. Listen to the audio versionread by Christy herselfin the Next Big Idea App.

Theres a common belief in wellness culture that being well means eating almost nothing but vegetables and proteinand of course, being thin. Many influencers and alternative- or integrative-medicine providers advocate cutting out a staggering array of foodsgluten, dairy, grains, anything processed, even certain vegetablesfor supposed wellness.

But these restrictions often make people fear food and can lead to disordered eating habits. Cutting out food groups, limiting eating to small windows of the day rather than eating when youre hungry, or otherwise overhauling your menu is a big deal for most people. Such a radical switch in diet can be a major life change that can affect your relationships and interfere with your ability to take pleasure or find spontaneity in food. There are serious side effects to dietary changes. When youre following wellness cultures diet rules, they can often start to take over your life.

This includes a woman named Erin, who has struggled with psoriasis and several other chronic conditions for many years. She started working with an alternative-medicine provider, who told her she was intolerant of sugar, dairy, and vegetables and fruits from the nightshade family, among many other foods. She started to see food as dangerous, and her diet became extremely limited. She cut out sugar completely for a few years, to the point where she was even making her own ketchup from scratch. She also was prescribed a long list of supplements and other treatments. At one point, she was taking at least twenty different supplements a day. Not only did she develop an eating disorder as a result of all this restriction, but her psoriasis didnt improve at all; in fact, it got worse.

Diets like the one Erin was on generally dont have good scientific evidence behind them. Even if they did, its incredibly difficult to stay on those diets long-term without damaging your relationship with food and your mental, emotional, and social well-being. If a way of eating detracts from those aspects of your life, can it even really be called wellness?

Like too many people, Erin had had frustrating experiences with medical doctors who dismissed her concerns or didnt seem to have time for her. Shed never gotten good treatment for her psoriasis, or for other conditions including migraines and severe chronic stomach pain. So when she started working with a naturopath, it felt like finally she was going to have someone listen to her and take her symptoms seriously. She had hope that she would finally figure out what was going on.

Many people have similar reasons for being attracted to complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. This industry accounts for a $413 billion segment, or about a tenth of the $4.4 trillion wellness industry. A 2017 report found that about half of Americans have tried some form of alternative medicine during their lifetimeabout 20 percent have used it instead of conventional medicine, and about 30 percent have used it in addition to standard medical treatment. In a healthcare system where so many people feel like theyre being given one-size-fits-all treatments and not seen as whole people, its no wonder so many of us are interested in alternatives that purport to offer something different.

Unfortunately, though, alternative and integrative therapies are in many ways untested and unregulated. They can also be downright dangerous. Take herbal and dietary supplements, for example; supplements are legally prohibited from being tested for safety and efficacy before going to market in the U.S. That is a result of a 1994 law that was enacted thanks to significant supplement-industry lobbying.

Several studies have found that some supplements sold in popular nationwide vitamin chains may be adulterated with undisclosed pharmaceuticals and other drugs not listed on the label. This can include things like weight-loss supplements laced with synthetic amphetamines. Even when a supplement is found to be unsafe, FDA recalls and warning letters to manufacturers often dont result in any changes; harmful products may remain on store shelves for months or years, with profoundly damaging effects. One study found that supplements contribute to 23,000 emergency room visits every year, with more than 2,000 of those people (9 percent) going on to be hospitalized.

Many people are wary of Big Pharma, sometimes with good reason (although sometimes those fears are being whipped up by someone trying to sell you something). But at least pharmaceutical drugs are regulated and required to be tested for safety and efficacy before going to market. With supplements, thats simply not the case.

When you feel let down by the conventional healthcare system, you may think theres no harm in trying supplements or other alternative, wellness-oriented treatments, which are framed as being natural, holistic, and gentle. Unfortunately, theyre not as harmless as theyre made out to be.

I interviewed a woman named Jennifer, who struggled for several years with digestive issues including constipation, bloating, and pain. Feeling frustrated by a lack of answers from conventional healthcare providers, she turned to a functional-medicine nurse practitioner, who put her on a strict diet and supplement regimen, believing her issues stemmed from a supposed gluten intolerancea common belief in many corners of wellness culture.

At first, Jennifer felt heard and understood by this provider, but then she had another bad flareup of her digestive issuesexcept this time, she started experiencing a new kind of pain that was sharp and persistent. She mentioned this to the functional-medicine nurse practitioner, who chalked it up to systemic inflammation and said, essentially, thats just how it goes.

Feeling dismissed yet again, Jennifer sought out another providerthis time, a mainstream physician who specialized in digestive disorders. This new gastroenterologist actually did an abdominal examsomething the functional-medicine practitioner had never doneand thought maybe it was her gallbladder, so he sent her for an ultrasound the following day. What they found was far worse: it turned out to be a rare but aggressive type of tumor, located in her pancreas and interfering with critical blood vessels. She ended up having surgery the day before her 38th birthday, and the surgeon told her that if they hadnt removed it, she wouldnt have lived to see 45.

Of course, this is an extreme case, but Jennifers experience highlights a troubling issue with wellness approaches: many supposedly holistic providers can get so laserfocused on what they think is at the root of a persons problema food intolerance, a supposed fungal infection or parasite, a leaky gutthat they might overlook basic aspects of patient care and miss whats actually going on for their clients. And that can have deeply damaging and even deadly consequences.

Back in the early 2000s, while first dabbling in wellness approaches, alternative and integrative medicine were still on the fringes. Two decades later, theyve exploded in popularity. Many wellness influencers have racked up millions of followers by promoting bizarre, non-evidence-based food restrictions and other out-there treatments. Celery juice is being hawked as a cure-all, people with perfectly normal blood sugar are being encouraged to wear continuous glucose monitors, and everyone is being made to fear gluten, even though celiac disease only affects one percent or less of the population.

Social media isnt to blame for everything, but it does have a lot to do with the spread of these and other weird ideas about wellness. Even casually viewing or liking wellness influencers pages can cause sophisticated algorithms to serve up increasingly extreme diets and harmful practices. The algorithms are designed to maximize engagementto keep us on the platforms for as long as possible so that we can be served more ads. Unfortunately, what does that best is novel and controversial information. Thats why extreme and unsubstantiated diet claims get amplified more than benign and commonplace posts about nutrition, leading users down rabbit holes of misinformation and disinformation. Recent reports have shown that teen girls who sign up for platforms like Instagram and TikTok that are seeking healthy-eating or weight-loss advice end up getting pushed to pro-eating-disorder content pretty quickly.

But its not just young girls who sufferits all of us. Beyond even the algorithms, social media flattens sources of information, so that doctors and scientists are presented in very much the same way as an influencer speaking solely from their own experience. The influencer who has more followers lends them the appearance of trustworthiness. Sometimes its not even an influencer per se, but just a regular person whose testimonial about a certain wellness practice goes viral. Theres certainly nothing wrong with sharing personal experiences; its powerful and important in many instances. It can help others find connections and support that they arent getting from the healthcare system. In matters of wellness, however, it can be dangerous to model your own behavior on a social media personality whose only real evidence is this worked for me.

This flattening of information sources also creates a relativism that can easily be exploited by purveyors of mis- and disinformation. Not only does social media often give greater reach to influencers who may not know what theyre talking about, but it also places well-conducted scientific research on the same footing as anecdotes and non-peer-reviewed preprint studies. This then blurs them all together in one endless scroll. In the process, it can create the illusion that all of these sources are equally valid, which may allow false information to gain traction.

Lest this all sound too bleak, know that there are some helpful strategies for navigating wellness culture. Individual behavior alone is not enough to free us from the wellness trap. We need change at the cultural, institutional, and policy levels to help undo the harms of wellness culture and create a society that truly supports wellbeing for everyone. As an individual though, there are a number of actionable things you can start doing right now to help keep from getting ensnared in the wellness trap.

One is to try to approach alternative and integrative medicine, and the wellness industry in general, with as much critical thinking and skepticism as you would conventional medicine. Dont assume that alternative medicine or supplements are any less problematic and profit-driven than their conventional counterparts. This goes even if theyre framed as being natural or holistic. In many cases, wellness recommendations are based on claims that are highly speculative or downright false. Its completely understandable to want relief from symptoms, and to feel unheard or underserved by the conventional healthcare systembut remember that the wellness industry capitalizes on those feelings.

To help get back in touch with your natural skepticism, consider taking a step back or even a full-on break from social media, and recognize how it pushes us toward increasingly extreme content that isnt necessarily backed by good evidence. You might reflect on how social media pulled you down rabbit holes you hadnt planned on visiting. You can also spend some time getting back in touch with your own deeply held beliefs and values, without the influence of algorithms.

In addition to setting limits on technology, it can be helpful to set boundaries with the people in your life. This may include, perhaps, conveying to any wellnessculture adherents in your life that you love and support them, but that youre on a different path. If friends and family members cant stop talking about their latest wellness plan, candida cleanse, or autoimmune protocol, you might share with them that those types of things have been harmful to you. You can also express that you would rather not discuss the topics of health and wellness.

Finally, when you do come across wellness information online, you can use a method called SIFT, developed by a researcher at the University of Washington named Mike Caulfield, who studies digital media literacy. SIFT stands for its four steps:

SIFT is meant to help people think twice before reflexively sharing or acting upon unverified information. The process involves quickly moving away from the actual content of the misinformation and focusing on the context so that youre not wasting precious time trying to dissect dubious sources. The goal of disinformation is to capture attention, and critical thinking is deep attention, Caulfield wrote in 2018. Whenever you give your attention to a bad actor, you allow them to steal your attention from better treatments of an issue, and give them the opportunity to warp your perspective. So instead of doing a deep dive into misinformation to try to understand it from the insidewhich is what we might traditionally view as critical thinkingyoure better off seeking out other, more credible sources to put the information into context.

To listen to the audio version read by author Christy Harrison, download the Next Big Idea App today:

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The Wellness Trap: Break Free from Diet Culture, Disinformation, and Dubious Diagnoses, and Find Your True Well-Being - Next Big Idea Club Magazine

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Fruit And Vegetable Supplements: A 2023 Guide Forbes Health – Forbes

Posted: at 1:04 am

Editors Note: In Hey, Health Coach, Sarah Hays Coomer answers reader questions about the intersection of health and overall well-being. Have a question? Send her a message (and dont forget to use a sleuthy pseudonym!).

Hey, Health Coach,

My teenage boys (ages 14 and 17) dont like eating vegetables. They only eat raw carrots, gem squash and cucumbers. Can I give them veggie pills for extra nutrients?

L

Watching kids turn down healthy fruits and vegetables can be so frustrating. It can be worrying, too, especially for a parent who loves their kids.

Research shows that picky eating can stem from many sources, including an ancient evolutionary tendency to avoid consuming unknown (and possibly toxic) substances in the wild, childrens unique personality styles and parental feeding practices.

Whatever the cause of your teens preferences, your instinct to look for alternative sources of nutritionrather than trying to force them to eat things they actively dont likeseems well-advised. Picky eating habits tend to develop when parents either punish, bribe or reward their children regarding their eating behaviors.

This dynamic can feel like a catch-22, though. Do you push or give up? What about your responsibility to keep them healthy? Food is one of few ways kids can exert their autonomy in a world where they have limited control over their surroundings. Every parent has to approach this dilemma based on the dynamics of their own family, but, in my experience as a coach, if you force kids to eat, their resistance is likely to become even more entrenched.

Your sons have specific boundaries around which vegetables theyll eat, but they are willingly choosing to eat carrots, gem squash and cucumbers. As they say here in Nashvillethat aint nothing. It gives you a place to start, and, since they do like some vegetables, odds are theyll learn to enjoy more of them eventually.

Fruit and vegetable pills are one option for bridging a nutritional gap until a persons tastes expand, and there are lots of things you can do to support their health in the meantime.

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Fruit And Vegetable Supplements: A 2023 Guide Forbes Health - Forbes

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ChatGPT on Mars: How AI can help scientists study the Red Planet – Space.com

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The world is abuzz, perhaps even befuddled, about the growing use of artificial intelligence. One of the most popular artificial intelligence (AI) tools available to the public today is ChatGPT, an AI-powered language model that has been "trained" and fed vast amounts of online information. After taking all that in, ChatGPT can regurgitate human-like text responses to a given prompt. It can respond to queries, discuss a lot of topics and crank out pieces of writing.

It isn't difficult to imagine a robot wheeling and dealing on the surface of Mars, factory-wired with ChatGPT or a similar artificial intelligence language model. This smartbot could be loaded with a suite of science devices. It could analyze what its scientific instruments are finding "on-the-spot," perhaps even collating any evidence of past life it uncovers nearly instantly.

That data could be digested, assessed, appraised and assembled in some scientific form. The product, in well-paginated condition, with footnotes to boot, could then be transmitted directly from the robot to a scientific journal, like Science or Nature, for publication.Of course, that paper would then be peer reviewed maybe by AI/ChatGPT reviewers. Sound far-fetched?

I reached out to several leading researchers, presenting this off-Earth, on-Mars scenario, with a variety of reactions in return.

Related: Artificial intelligence could help hunt for life on Mars and other alien worlds

"It could be done but there could be misleading information," said Sercan Ozcan, Reader in Innovation and Technology Management at the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom. "ChatGPT is not 100% accurate and it is prone to 'hallucination.'"

Ozcan said he's not sure if ChatGPT would be valuable if there is no prior volume of work for it to analyze and emulate. "I believe humans can still do better work than ChatGPT, even if it is slower," he said.

His advice is to not use ChatGPT "in areas where we cannot accept any error."

Steve Ruff, associate research professor at Arizona State University's School of Earth and Space Exploration in Tempe, Arizona, is keenly tied to studying Mars.

"My immediate reaction is that it's highly unlikely that 'on-the-spot' manuscripts would be a realistic scenario given how the process involves debates among the team over the observations and their interpretation," Ruff said. "I'm skeptical that any AI, trained on existing observations, could be used to confidently interpret new observations without humans in the loop, especially with new instrument datasets that have not been available previously. Every such dataset requires painstaking efforts to sort out."

For the near term, Ruff thinks AI could be used for rover operations, like picking targets to observe without humans in the loop, and for navigation.

In what world do we want to live?

Perhaps that is the strongest question, said Nathalie Cabrol, Director of the Carl Sagan Center for Research at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.

"First things first," Cabrol said. "AI is a formidable tool and should be used as such to support humans in their activity. We actually do that already every day, in one form or another," she added, "and improved versions might make things better."

On the other hand, like any human tools, they are double-edged swords and sometimes lead people to start thinking "nonsense," Cabrol added, and she believes that to be the case here.

"I do personally like writing papers. It is a great time where I see my work coming to fruition and can put my ideas together on paper," Cabrol said, and sees that as an important part of her creative process.

"But let's assume for a moment that I let this algorithm write it for me. Then, I am being told that it's okay because the paper will be reviewed," Cabrol said. "But by whom? I would assume that if you let algorithms do the job for you it's because you assume they will be less biased and do a better job? Following that logic, I would assume that a human is not qualified to review that paper."

Cabrol senses that a next question is: Where do we stop? What if all researchers ask AI to write their research grant proposals? What if they do and don't tell?

"This depends in which world you want to live and what part you want left to humanity," Cabrol said. "We are creative beings and we are not perfect," she continued, "but we learn from our mistakes and that's part of our evolution. Mistake and learning are other words for 'adaptation'," she said.

By letting AI getting into what makes us human, we are messing with our own evolution, Cabrol added, and she sees specters of "transhumanism" in all of this. Transhumanism can be defined as a loose ideological movement united by the belief that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations, especially by means of science and technology.

"Of course, that's not a chip in our brain and that's only a paper, you will say. Unfortunately, it is part of a much broader, and very disturbing, discourse on the (mis) use of AI," Cabrol concluded. "This is not trivial. It is not just a paper. It is about who we really want to become as a species. Personally, I see AI useful as a tool, and I will confine it as that."

"How funny that we still argue about the definition of life as we know it, and we're starting to use a tool in that search that also stretches the definition of life," said Amy Williams, assistant professor in Geological Sciences at the University of Florida in Gainesville. She is a participating scientist on the NASA Curiosity and Perseverance rover missions that have robots scouting about on Mars.

Williams reacted to the AI-ChatGPT off-world setting in full disclosure mode. "The first time I used ChatGPT was in preparing for this response, asking it: 'What organic molecules have the Mars rovers found?' The question was based on my particular field of expertise," she told Space.com.

"It was illuminating in that it did a great job providing me with statements that I would describe as robust and appropriate for a summary that I could give in an outreach talk to the general public about organic molecules on Mars," said Williams.

But it also demonstrated to Williams its limitation in that it could only access data from, in her case, September 2021 flagging it as a "knowledge cutoff."

"So its responses did not encompass the full breadth of published results about organics on Mars that I know about since 2021," she said.

Emphasizing that she is not a specialist in AI or machine learning, Williams said that future iterations of ChatGPT + AI will likely be able to incorporate more recent data and generate a complete synthesis of the recent results from any given scientific exploration.

"However, I still see these as tools to use in step with humans, instead of in place of humans," Williams remarked. "Given the limitations in data uplink and downlink with our current Deep Space Network, it is difficult for me to see a way to upload the knowledge base for something as complex as, for example, the current and historic data and context for the sources, sinks, and fates of organic molecules on Mars so that the onboard AI could generate a manuscript for publication," she said.

Williams views cutting edge planetary research as something that requires "retrospection, introspection and prospection." We push forward the boundaries of science by considering options, she added, that have never before been considered.

"Right now, my experience with ChatGPT showed me it is great at a literature search and turning that information into, effectively, an annotated bibliography. It could certainly save me time in looking up fundamental knowledge. It told me what we already know and typed it up very nicely! but it was not anything that any Mars organic geochemistry graduate student couldn't tell me."

In the end, Williams said that while ChatGPT + AI is a powerful tool that can positively augment the process of conveying information and new discoveries, "I don't see it replacing the human-driven process of synthesizing new information and putting it into context to generate new insights into science. However, if every AI sci-fi movie I've seen is predictive of the future, I may be wrong!"

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How far-right groups like the Oath Keepers are exploiting climate … – Grist

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This story was published in partnership with HuffPost.

Stewart Rhodes, the infamous leader of the anti-government Oath Keeper militia, was standing on a street in Conroe, Texas, a city about 40 miles north of Houston. The sky was clear blue, but remnants of darker days were everywhere. Residents were shoveling up splintered lumber and debris. A boy holding a broom was halfheartedly scooping lawn scraps into a garbage bag a few feet away from where Rhodes was conducting an on-camera interview.

A Category 4 hurricane named Harvey had just dumped feet, not inches, of water on the state, sparking one of the most expensive disasters in United States history. The scale of the damage was so vast that the then-director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, put out a request for volunteers. We need citizens to be involved, he said on August 28, 2017, a few days after the storm struck Texas. The Oath Keepers answered the call.

Rhodes was wearing an Oath Keepers cap and T-shirt. He was there with another Oath Keeper, the organizations Southeast regional assistant coordinator, Alex Oakes. The men were interviewing Beau Sullivan, a Conroe local who had been organizing hurricane relief efforts after the storm.

Thank you, gentlemen, for coming out here, Sullivan said, shaking Rhodes and Oakes hands. You know, normally yall gotta be a little more brass tacks, but yall come out here with a message of love this time, and camaraderie, and I really appreciate that. Thats whats needed now in this rebuilding effort.

The exchange, captured on video and disseminated by the Oath Keepers on AltCensored, a right-wing alternative to YouTube, neatly distills why a group mainly preoccupied with uncovering made-up evidence of government tyranny might participate in hurricane relief efforts: It wins people over.

For nearly a decade, the Oath Keepers which formed in 2009 in the wake of Barack Obamas election to the presidency have responded to disasters like hurricanes and floods by administering rescue operations, serving hot meals, and doing construction work. Disasters provide the Oath Keepers with opportunities to fundraise and gain the trust of people who might not otherwise be sympathetic to their anti-government cause. By arriving to crisis zones before federal agencies do, the Oath Keepers take advantage of bureaucratic weaknesses, holding a hand out to people in desperate circumstances.

This all serves to reinforce the militia members conviction that the government is fallible, negligent, and not to be trusted. And every time a new person sees the Oath Keepers as the helpers who respond when the government does not, it helps build the groups fledgling brand.

The group has been in disarray since some of its leaders and most active members, including Rhodes, were arrested, tried, and convicted for their participation in the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol in 2021. Facing public backlash and social media bans, the Oath Keepers have retreated from the public sphere. For a time, they took down their website and stopped gathering in public. But the retreat has been short-lived. Militia groups are finding some footing again, said Hampton Stall, a research specialist at Princeton University who runs a watchdog site called MilitiaWatch. 2023 will be the year they start to reactivate.

The first phase of an Oath Keepers remobilization is taking place in Chino Valley, Arizona. A man named Jim Arroyo, the former state vice president for the Arizona Oath Keepers chapter the groups largest state contingent to date is on a mission to rebrand his chapter as a disaster assistance organization. His group, which he has registered as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, is called the Yavapai County Preparedness Team, named after the county its based in. Arroyo is fond of calling the outfit, known as YCPT, a nonviolent, apolitical, nonpartisan organization.

Our main issue is disaster preparedness, he told Grist, an assertion local officials and others in Arizona have taken at face value. But thats not the full story. The fringe group is trying to ride the coattails of disaster preparation and relief work into the mainstream, experts told Grist. Its success thus far hints at a frightening post-disaster outcome in a warming world: What happens if the government fails to show up and communities start to rely on the extremists next door?

Rhodes founded the Oath Keepers on the premise that a violent clash between American citizens and the United States government wasnt just possible, it was inevitable. Rhodes subscribes to the far-fetched notion that the government is conspiring to strip its citizens of their rights and force them to participate in a new world order defined by a tyrannical, globalist, and socialist one-world government. Fear of government tyranny isnt a new concept; its one of the tenets upon which this nation was founded.

Anti-government militias are a key part of the so-called patriot movement, a loose coalition of nationalistic and often violent far-right groups. The Oath Keepers recruit current and former members of the military, first responders, and law enforcement. Like other sects of the patriot movement, the Oath Keepers are overwhelmingly white, but otherwise they look and act differently than many of their allies.

They live much more on the side of the spectrum that wants mainstream political legitimacy, Sam Jackson, a University of Albany professor and the author of Oath Keepers: Patriotism and the Edge of Violence in a Right-Wing Antigovernment Group, told Grist. One of the ways that Oath Keepers has done this is by trying to portray itself as a civic organization.

In 2013, Rhodes launched a program aimed at preparing communities for a natural disaster, a civil war, or anything in between. He originally said the program a national network of community groups akin to neighborhood watches was intended to create civilization preservation teams. He soon gave them a far more innocuous-sounding new name: community preparedness teams, or CPTs. CPTs provide volunteers with medical, disaster, and fire safety training. As the Oath Keepers grew, changed, and increasingly made themselves known in the public sphere, the CPT program remained a relative constant something the group seems to view as core to its identity, Jackson wrote in his book.

The CPTs kept their eye on events with potential for conflict with government agencies. In 2014, they responded to Nevada rancher Cliven Bundys call to arms, after he refused to pay federal land management agencies millions of dollars in required fees to graze his herd of cattle on public land. They defended a gold mine from the Bureau of Land Management in Oregon in 2015. They were present that same year in Ferguson, Missouri, providing security, according to the group, for business owners during widespread protests on the anniversary of the death of Michael Brown, an unarmed Black teenager who was killed by police in 2014. And they provided relief in Conroe after Hurricane Harvey made landfall in 2017.

That year saw the dawn of a new era for FEMA. Harvey and two other hurricanes called Irma and Maria made landfall on U.S. soil in the same 30-day period, claiming thousands of lives, causing widespread destruction, and generating hundreds of billions of dollars in cumulative costs. The back-to-back disasters made it exceedingly clear that the federal government is unprepared for the consequences of climate change more intense hurricanes, heavier floods, rising sea levels.

Despite years of abnormal weather events that have laid its shortcomings bare, FEMA still doesnt have the personnel or the budget it needs to ready Americans for disasters or respond adequately when multiple disasters strike at the same time. Experts say that federal lawmakers, who decide how much funding FEMA gets every year, lack the foresight required to actually prepare for climate change. Instead, disaster management centers around response, which means FEMA is constantly playing a game of catch-up.

The agencys shortcomings leave gaps for militias to step in. Teams of Oath Keepers moved into Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico in the wake of the 2017 trio of hurricanes. They showed up again in Florida in 2018 after Hurricane Michael struck the state. Leaked Oath Keeper chats, shared with Grist by the nonprofit watchdog group Distributed Denial of Secrets, show that members of the group put out a call for volunteers following a damaging outbreak of tornadoes in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee in the spring of 2021.

Its not just the Oath Keepers. Armed vigilantes reportedly set up roadblocks and interrogated people fleeing wildfires in Oregon in 2020; a different militia tried to recruit people affected by the Oak Fire in central California last summer. Disaster relief in this country is pretty broken because of the way it often takes months to get federal funding activated, Stall said. Theres a long time during which groups can often get active.

And FEMAs large-scale efforts to help communities in the aftermath of disasters inadvertently provide these groups with fodder for their conspiracy theories. When a hurricane hits, FEMA goes to work building out a massive network of field camps, relief stations, and other physical infrastructure that makes the work of disaster aid possible. Where the unindoctrinated might see logistics at work, the far right sees a sinister plot unfolding.

Theres a long-standing conspiracy theory among the far right that everything that FEMA does is dual use, Jackson said. It has this surface-level purpose of responding to emergencies and disasters and all that kind of stuff. But also its building up the infrastructure so that one day when martial law is declared, there are these huge detention camps and there are deployed resources to be used by troops who are enforcing martial law.

Many Oath Keepers subscribe to that belief, but theyre not vocal about it. Publicly, Jackson said, they portray themselves as supplementing FEMAs efforts and even working in tandem with the agency. Its part and parcel of the groups founding ethos understand the system, work within the system, and be prepared to defeat the system when the time comes.

If theres one thing Jim Arroyo, leader of the Yavapai County Preparedness Team, understands, its how the system works. The 62-year-old gunsmith trained as an army ranger in the early 1980s, regularly volunteers with the Chino Valley Police Department, and assists his countys local emergency management program, in addition to serving as the Arizona chapter vice president for the Oath Keepers for several years starting in 2014. Arroyo insists that neither his organization nor the Oath Keepers qualify as militias, and he vehemently rejects accusations that the Oath Keepers are in any way anti-government.

Thats completely stupid, he told Grist. We are the government.

Grist reached Arroyo on his landline in mid-March. He answered questions with occasional coaching from his wife Janet, who helps him run YCPT. In 2022, as the groups that stormed the U.S. Capitol confronted mounting legal and social repercussions, Arroyo officially broke ties with Oath Keepers national. He says his chapter is no longer in contact with the larger organization or Stewart Rhodes. But he still puts up the Oath Keeper flag at meetings and sports branded Oath Keeper gear.

We still believe in the mission of the Oath Keepers, Arroyo said, though he admitted that his efforts to partner with local governments outside of Arizona since the Capitol insurrection have been difficult due to his association with the organization. For the time being, hes focused on building YCPT into a national network. At this stage of the game, our mission is to train individuals, he said. He declined to say what he aims to do with the group in the future, but the YCPT website claims the group has outposts in 14 U.S. states and three countries Canada, Panama, and the U.K.

Arroyo offers YCPT attendees training in person and via Zoom twice a month. He lectures in front of a large banner that lists some of the threats the group says its focused on mitigating: fires, floods, food shortages, and economic collapse, to name a few. Many of the trainings focus on skills that come in handy during natural disasters like contacting people by radio in the event that internet and cellular networks break down, or administering CPR and other emergency medical procedures. Topics have also included how to prepare for electrical outages, plant a garden, and keep warm in freezing conditions.

But the group isnt just preparing for hurricanes and floods; its getting ready for war. In fact, thats the bulk of the preparedness work its doing. Though the YCPT website makes it seem like the organization is primarily focused on teaching participants basic survival skills, recordings of the groups monthly general meetings make it clear that YCPTs agenda goes far beyond those mainstream offerings. At every meeting, Arroyo invites a guest to give a lecture or offers one himself, an Oath Keeper cap perched on his graying head and a handgun holstered to his hip.

At one recent meeting, a self-described information warfare officer and retired Army lieutenant colonel named Steven Murray preached a potent cocktail of misinformation. Trans, gay, transhumanist agendas were infiltrating the public sphere. China had undermined every office in Arizonas government, and the sovereignty of Yavapai County had been transferred to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which will ultimately usurp the constitution. FEMA had built a containment camp in Arizona, he said. That should bother everybody in this room. Each point Murray made was aimed at inspiring action. Our job now is to resist, he said, to outthink, outsmart, and out-act our enemy.

The next guest, the head of YCPTs security team, taught attendees how to build their own tripwires, decoys, and booby traps. One mechanism, a tripwire that makes a loud noise to scare off intruders, requires a shotgun blank, he said. It doesnt have to be a blank, a member of the crowd shouted.

Arroyo later warned the group about the legal consequences of putting a live cartridge in a trip alarm. But he closed out the meeting with a warning about the police state, which he said controls elements within federal, state, and local law enforcement as well as the media, corporations, and the court system. Those entities, he claimed, are preparing to attack. Im getting prepared for the inevitable, Arroyo said. Were already engaged in the preliminaries before we get ready to go full kinetic.

Arroyo told Grist that YCPTs goal isnt to teach people how to participate in a civil war. Face it, Arroyo said, the vast majority of our people here are in their 60s, 70s, and 80s. We are not teaching them to fight in a war. Were teaching them how to survive it.

YCPT has the idea that there will be some eventual moment when they are going to need particular skills, said Rachel Goldwasser, a research analyst at the Southern Poverty Law Center who studies the Oath Keepers and has kept track of YCPT meetings. Theres going to come a day when the government is going to go, essentially, full tyrant. According to Arroyo, that day isnt too far off.

YCPTs political arm, a group called the Lions of Liberty, staked out ballot dropboxes in Arizona last November as early voters submitted their ballots. Arroyo told Grist that he organized the surveillance effort in Yavapai County, and said there is overlap between the groups. People who are Oath Keepers or people who come to the YCPT trainings and meetings also attend the Lions of Liberty meetings. The unauthorized surveillance came to a halt after roughly a week when the League of Women Voters of Arizona sued the Lions of Liberty for violating the Voting Rights Act.

Arroyo told Grist that he believes that the worlds economic systems are on the verge of collapse, that unnamed attackers might disable U.S. power grids with an electromagnetic pulse, that the U.S. has already entered a civil war, and that the globe is in the first phase of a third world war. Unlike his guest speaker, Arroyo says he doesnt believe that FEMA is currently planning to imprison Americans in its camps, though he told Grist he does think FEMA could overstep its authority at some point down the line.

Governments all the time can do crazy things, he said.

While Arroyos views may seem far out to the average American, its obvious theres an audience for them in Arizona and beyond. Arroyo said that between 100 and 150 people regularly show up to his gatherings. Goldwasser and other experts who track these meetings confirmed theyre well attended. Republican candidates running for seats in Arizonas House of Representatives, Senate, attorney generals office, and Department of Education have spoken at YCPT meetings. In 2022, Eli Crane, a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives, spoke at a meeting. He subsequently ousted the Democratic incumbent in the midterm elections. An Arizona state representative, Quang Nguyen, has been a guest speaker at least three times. Mitch Padilla, candidate for local justice of the peace, spoke at a YCPT meeting before winning his 2022 race. Multiple current and prospective county sheriffs have given speeches.

For attendees, the risks are minimal. Though YCPT meetings are fueled by conspiracy theories, the organization has a harmless name and isnt bogged down by the controversy surrounding the national Oath Keepers organization. That may allow the group to expand its reach in coming years.

There is a gap now and a vacuum where Oath Keepers was, said Goldwasser, who thinks Arroyo will hoover up Oath Keepers who have been standing idly by as the national organizations leadership has splintered apart.

Disasters are already chaotic. Adding in teams of armed volunteers, jacked up on conspiracy theories about the government, civil unrest, and global war, adds an unpredictable dimension to already complicated and flawed state and federal relief efforts. The vast majority of Oath Keeper beliefs and activities are still embodied in YCPT, Goldwasser said. Even if Arroyo doesnt agree with an all-out coup attempt, the things he might agree to that are dangerous, that are intimidating, that are potentially in conflict with the government, those still exist.

Some well-established relief groups, like the Red Cross, might link up with the Yavapai County Preparedness Team without realizing its a spinoff of the Oath Keepers, Goldwasser said.

And then, of course, theres the matter of who, exactly, these groups are targeting for disaster assistance.

Its hard to say how these older, majority white veterans and other volunteers currently think about the communities they aim to provide disaster assistance to, but in the past, Jackson said, Oath Keeper relief missions have focused on helping predominantly white communities. Theyre focusing on the suburbs, and theyre seeing the inner city as a source of problems and threats that need to be patrolled rather than people that need help. FEMA has faced persistent criticism for shortchanging minorities and low-income Americans in its relief efforts. If the Oath Keepers bring racist bias to their disaster recovery work, it could make disasters even more dangerous for communities of color.

Arroyo disputes the idea that his group discriminates. Weve got transgenders in our organization, weve got members of the LGBTQ community, weve had Democrats come in and participate in our training, Arroyo said. The narrative that the Oath Keepers are white nationalist, white supremacist, thats a false statement.

As the planet warms, more calamities will strike the U.S. and, if the recent past is any indication, create new opportunities for militias and other extremist groups to mobilize and recruit. But researchers have been examining productive counter-extremist messaging methods for decades now, and experts told Grist they see a few interventions that could limit militias power during natural disasters.

Brian Hughes, co-founder of the Polarization and Extremism Research and Innovation Lab at American University, said his group has had success using credible messengers a trusted community group, a loved one, or an authority figure to teach potential recruitment targets to avoid being manipulated by extremists. Those targets are people who are disillusioned with the system or simply have too much time on their hands. We try to reach people as early in the radicalization process as possible and ideally even before it begins, he said.

Hughes has had success experimenting with a technique called pre-bunking, a mix of media literacy and counter-propaganda education. The method teaches people how to recognize extremist recruitment tactics and reject them on sight. You can say something like, If somebody is telling you a story that sounds like theyre saying you need to stockpile guns because society is going to collapse, theres a good chance this person is representing an extremist group or an extremist point of view, Hughes said. His labs research has shown that people who have been pre-bunked are less likely to find extremist messaging credible and are more likely to develop their own counterarguments against it.

States can also play a firmer role in curtailing extremist activity. Many states have laws on the books that prohibit private militias from operating, but most state attorneys general dont enforce them. In fact, some states are trending in the opposite direction. Idaho lawmakers recently passed a law that repeals legislation prohibiting militias and paramilitary activity.

The states seem reticent to enforce anti-militia laws, and some states dont even know that they can utilize this, Goldwasser said. But its something that is absolutely necessary moving forward.

Stall is particularly heartened by organizations that enlist retired law enforcement and veterans the same groups targeted by the Oath Keepers to do relief work while ditching the heavy dose of extremist ideology. Team Rubicon, a humanitarian organization headquartered in California, recruits veterans, first responders, and other volunteers to help communities prepare for and recover from disasters. The group has built out a network of 150,000 volunteers, half of whom are veterans, and conducted some 1,500 missions in its 13 years of operation. Art delaCruz, Team Rubicons CEO and a veteran himself, told Grist that the organizations work in disaster zones helps make the transition from soldier to civilian easier for its volunteers.

I like to say that military veterans and people who have retired out of law enforcement or fire departments, whatever it might be, you have muscles that youve built up over the years and you love to use them, delaCruz said. The ability to use those muscles in a manner thats meaningful is really, really powerful.

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Encourage the marginalised to partake in district level elections … – BusinessGhana

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The National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), has underscored the urgent need to encourage marginalized persons to partake in this years district elections, to promote inclusive and participatory governance.

Mr Mawuli Agbenu, the Upper East Regional Director of the Commission, who made the call, noted that over the years, women and persons with disability had not been much involved in the district level elections due to their vulnerabilities.

He said the situation was worrying and defeated the principles of democratic governance and called on major stakeholders to work to remove barriers confronting them and support them to stand for leadership positions in the impending district and national elections to enhance good governance.

He was speaking to staff of the Upper East Regional Customs Division of the Ghana Revenue Authority as part of activities marking this years Constitution week, one of the Commissions flagship programmes.

This years celebration was on the theme, Thirty years of consolidating Constitutional democracy: building national cohesion through civic education and participation in local governance.

Mr Agbenu said the 1992 Constitution had stood the test of time and outlived all previous Constitutions and all efforts must be made to ensure inclusive governance, to deepen the democratic credentials of the Constitution.Generally, he said participation of women in the Ghanaian political space had been poor, adding that out of the 275 Members of Parliament in the current Parliament, only 40 were women, representing an insignificant number of the total women population in Ghana.

This, he said, was even worse in the district level elections as many people did not have interest in such elections and the situation had always led to low turnout but the Commission was determined to change the narrative.

We know there are lots of issues of socio-cultural beliefs and practices, finances among others hindering vulnerable people like women from contesting in elections and we are intensifying education to encourage more people to show interest in district level elections and support more women this year.

We are also calling on the Parliament to pass into law the Affirmative Action Bill which has been in Parliament since 1999 to encourage more women into politics, he said.

On the threats of terrorism from the Sahelian region to the peace and security of Ghana, the Regional Director noted that conflicts between communities and herdsmen were major breeding grounds for terrorists to attack the country.

He said the border communities needed to be sensitized on the protocols on transhuman protocols of the Economic Community of West African States and urged the Customs Division who worked at the borders to help educate the residents to ensure peace among the people.

Mr Samuel Owusu, the Upper East Regional Sector Commander of the Customs Division, hauded the efforts of the NCCE for driving home civic education among Ghanaians and said the move would help consolidate the peace and security of the nation.

He said the Customs Division in the region was working with other security agencies to ensure the borders of Ghana were properly manned to prevent any spillover of the activities of the terrorists into the country.

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