Monthly Archives: March 2022

Canned Soups Market to Garner US$ 6494.95 million by 2027 at 3.8% CAGR, Says The Insight Partners – Digital Journal

Posted: March 18, 2022 at 8:03 pm

According to a new market research report Canned Soups Market Forecast to 2027 COVID-19 Impact and Global Analysis By Type (Condensed and Ready-to-Eat), Category (Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian), Processing (Regular Soup and Organic Soup), and Distribution Channel (Hypermarkets/Supermarkets, Convenience Stores, Online, and Others) published by TheInsightPartners, the canned soups market size is projected to grow from US$ 4,889.04 million in 2019 to US$ 6,494.95 million by 2027, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.8% during the forecast period.

A few key players operating in the canned soup market are Campbell soup company, Amys Kitchen Inc, General Mills Inc., The Kraft Heinz Company, Baxters Food Group, Unilever, Struik Foods Europe NV, Vanee Foods Company, BCI Foods Inc., and Hain Celestial Companies. These companies provide a wide range of product portfolio for canned soups market. They also have their presence in the developing regions, which provides lucrative opportunities for the growth of the canned soup market.

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High demand for ready-to-eat food products, rapid shift in consumer food preferences, and increase in health concerns are driving the growth of the canned soup market. Canned soups is a ready-to-eat convenient food product that is easily available in the market. Processing the canned soups is easy and takes less time for the preparation. Canned soup export business has also augmented in recent times owing to the high acceptance power for these products among consumers and brand awareness among the developing economies. Furthermore, the growing working population and increasing preferences for processed food products due to their health benefits boost demand for canned soup products. In addition, shifting of rural population to urban areas in developing countries in Asia Pacificsuch as China and Indiais also projected to increase the demand for various consumer goods, which is also expected to boost the growth of the canned soups market during the forecast period.

In 2019, North America contributed to the largest share in the global canned soups market. Increasing instance of obesity and rising campaigns regarding health awareness in the North America propelled the demand for packaged soup having natural and fresh ingredients. Therefore, the demand for canned soup has also increased and manufacturers are providing different flavors to the consumers. The increase in the variety of products, surge in the consumption of healthy products, and promotion by the key players in the region have increased the demand for canned soup in North America.

Market Insights

High Shelf Life of Canned Food Products

The shelf life of any canned soup is the amount of time it requires to degrade to the non-palatable state. Shelf life extension ingredients added in the canned soup products slow down the process of food degradation and enable longer storage of the food items. They are both organic and conventional in origin. Shelf life extension ingredients also aid in the keeping food logistics decongested, sustain canned soups in frozen areas, and improve consumer confidence over stability of food items. Consumers have become more aware about their diet. Health benefits such as improved immunity, lower caloric intake, and high protein intake are other factors expected to influence the product demand.

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Type Insights

Based on type, the global canned soups market is bifurcated into condensed and ready-to-eat. In 2091, the condensed segment led the market. Condensed canned soup products are produced by using a wide variety of seasonings and foods that offer high nutritional value. The consumption of condensed soup offers numerous health benefits as well as it is a concentrated source of protein and calcium, which play a vital role for the building of body. Thus, the market for condensed soup segment is expected to growth significantly during the forecast period.

Canned Soups Market, by Type

CondensedReady-to-Eat

Canned Soups Market, by Category

VegetarianNon-Vegetarian

Canned Soups Market, by Processing

Regular SoupOrganic Soup

Canned Soups Market, by Distribution Channel

Hypermarkets/SupermarketsConvenience StoresOnlineOthers

Key points from Table of Content:

1. Introduction

2. Key Takeaways

3. Research Methodology

4. Canned Soups Market Landscape

5. Canned Soups Market Key Market Dynamics

6. Canned Soups Global Market Analysis

7. Canned Soups Market Analysis By Type

8. Canned Soups Market Analysis By Category

9. Canned Soups Market Analysis By Processing

10. Canned Soups Market Analysis By Distribution Channel

11. Canned Soups Market Geographic Analysis

12. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Canned Soups Market

13. Key Company Profiles

14. Appendix

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

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Canned Soups Market to Garner US$ 6494.95 million by 2027 at 3.8% CAGR, Says The Insight Partners - Digital Journal

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Earths Summers are Extending; But What Does This Mean? – AZoCleantech

Posted: at 8:03 pm

Korean scientists working at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) have been researching the lengthening of summer under 1.5 C and 2 C conditions using several global models. Under the 2 C model scenario, they reveal that summers will extend by an average of three weeks across Asia, Europe, and the US. However, if warming is limited to 1.5 C, the three-week lengthening is reduced, whereby it still extends, but by 12 or 13 days.

Image Credit:ParabolStudio/Shutterstock.com

The temperature goal set at the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement was to limit global temperature rise to below 2 C, pre-industrial levels, preferably 1.5 C.

At COP26, Glasgow 2021, the follow up to Paris, new data from Climate Action Tracker revealed current global policies are failing to limit warming, which means the world is currently on track to see temperatures rise by at least 1.7 C.

Limiting warming to 1.5 C is less viable unless drastic action is taken.

Many regions are going to experience the effects of longer summers and everything those will bring. For most, the consequences will not be positive.

If data modeling is accurate, and global temperatures are still rising rapidly, it means that even if policies changed today and climate change was halted, the best-case scenario would mean it will still take thousands of years for the climate to stabilize again.

Excess CO2 would remain in the atmosphere and continue to exert a warming effect. The oceans and surface air temperature would also continue to warm due to thermal ocean expansion. Sea levels will continue to rise as glaciers and ice sheets continue to melt.

Image Credit:Achim Baque/Shutterstock.com

Geological processes that bury CO2 in ocean sediments occur over thousands of years, so scientists would need to find a way to replicate this process on a much faster timescale, but only if the political will is there and financed by stakeholders.

Critics of carbon capture and carbon storage, such as Friends of the Earth, have claimed attempts at such schemes have not been successful so far, and distract from serious investment in renewable energy, storage, and energy efficiency.

If climate change is not stopped, the scenario of runaway climate change will occur, and all life on the planet would eventually cease to exist.

Runaway climate change is caused by positive feedbacks, whereby the planet absorbs more solar radiation than it can radiate back to space. The hotter the surface temperature gets, the faster it warms up and passes a tipping point where all human intervention then becomes futile.

Venus is an example of where the planets surface grew so hot, surface water boiled, was unable to condense into rain, and leached out of the atmosphere into space, leaving behind a hot, dry planet. A study reveals that even drought-tolerant microbial life, such as that found on Earth, almost certainly cannot now exist on Venus.

Mass extinction of all known species, including humans, will start to occur due to crop failures, water, and air pollution, drought, floods, famines, forest fires, chronic disease and starvation, severe and erratic weather conditions, industrial collapse, and economic ruin.

Earth will become inhabitable as society breaks down and cooperation for survival fails. Many of these events are already happening, with many citizens, including climate activists and some scientists, believing time to take action may have already passed. Others believe mitigating actions can still avert the worst effects of climate change and prevent a runaway scenario, including most leaders at COP26.

The research conducted at Pohang University has shown global temperatures have already risen by 1.1 C above pre-industrial levels, and that even a rise of just half a degree has significant consequences.

Different types of experiments conducted over ten years all produced very similar results, which included All-Hist (2006-2015), Plus 15 and Plus 20 experiments, and Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 coupled GCM simulations.

The experiments showed warming periods at the beginning and end of seasons becoming more frequent. This has a huge impact on agriculture, public health, ecosystems, and energy sectors, which require further assessment and mitigation plans to be put in place, above those already agreed at COP26.

High-risk areas for summer extending are East Asia, the US, and the Mediterranean, or mid-latitude lands, with the highest effects occurring in low latitudes, rather than in high latitudes.

If warming increases by 2 C above pre-industrial levels, the number of people affected by water shortages will rise by 50 percent. The sea level is likely to rise by 10 cm, but if it can be held at 1.5 C as per the Paris Agreement, it means 10 million people would no longer be threatened by the loss of land, homes, and livelihoods from sea level rise.

The research also showed that day-to-day variability in temperatures was important for determining regional differences in hot day temperatures. That is to say, where lower variability occurs, there is a stronger increase in summer-like days overall and vice versa. The frequency of summer-like days decreases if warming models are limited to 1.5 C, indicating the high importance of striving to keep the hope of 1.5 C alive.

Pohang scientists revealed that follow-up analysis of Southern Hemisphere seasonal length is to be published in a separate study, and that summer expansion upon oceans, ecosystems and regional impacts needs to be considered with care, in line with marine heatwave.

The outcome of COP26 was the Glasgow Climate Pact, which included three significant commitments on tackling climate change.

The first is a pledge to end and reverse deforestation by 2030, signed by 100 countries, including Indonesia and Brazil.

Second, is a pledge to reduce methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030, signed by 90 countries. The last was a joint declaration by the US and China to collaborate on their efforts to keep temperatures within 1.5 C.

There was also a vast range of other statements and declarations by World Leaders, which are detailed over three pages on the COP26 Outcomes page of UKCOP26. None of them specifically mitigate extended summers, but all of them combined will indirectly have a positive effect if actioned.

If climate pledges are acted upon, limiting climate change to 1.5 C may still be achieved, and summers might extend by just 12 or 13 days. If not, then a three-week extension to summer is highly possible, and with that, untold suffering, species extinction, and ecosystem destruction, including even warmer seas. This would be coupled with displacement and mass migration of millions of people escaping sea level rise, food and water shortages, extreme weather conditions, and loss of homes and livelihoods, which will increase with every minor temperature rise above 1.5 C.

Lengthening of Summer Season over the Northern Hemisphere under 1.5C and 2C Global Warming. (12.23.2021) Park.B, Min,S, Weller.E in Environmental Research online (accessed 02.07.2022)https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3f64/pdf

2C warmer Earth extends Summer by 3 weeks (01.25.2022) Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) in EurekAlert! Online (accessed 02.07.2022)https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/941149

COP26: success or failure? A correspondents verdict (11.19.2021) Pomeroy.R in World Economic Forum (online) (accessed 02.04.2022)https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/11/cop26-success-or-failure/

Glasgows 2030 credibility gap: net zeros lip service to climate action in ClimateActionTracker.org (online) (accessed 02.04.2022)https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/glasgows-2030-credibility-gap-net-zeros-lip-service-to-climate-action/

If Emissions of Greenhouse Gases were Stopped, would the climate return to conditions of 200 years ago? (2020) in The Royal Society online (accessed 02.04.2022)https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/climate-change-evidence-causes/question-20/

Could the runaway greenhouse effect come to earth? (08.11.2010) Upholt.B in Wren online (accessed 02.04.2022)https://www.wren.co/blog/posts/could-the-runaway-greenhouse-effect-come-to-earth

Carbon Capture and Storage wont work critics say (01.19.2021) Brown.P in Eco-Business. (Accessed 02.07.2022)https://www.eco-business.com/news/carbon-capture-and-storage-wont-work-critics-say/

Life on Venus is impossible because of lack of water, study suggests. (06.30.2021) Pultarova.P, In Scientific American online (accessed 02.08.2022)https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/life-on-venus-is-impossible-because-of-lack-of-water-study-suggests/

What happened at COP26? (11.04.2021) Jackson.S in Ecologi online (accessed 02.08.2022)https://ecologi.com/articles/blog/what-happened-at-cop26

COP26 Outcomes (Nov 2021) in UKCOP26.org online (accessed 02.08.2022)https://ukcop26.org/the-conference/cop26-outcomes/page/3/

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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Current Trends in Astaxanthin Supplements Industry: Market Estimation 2022-2028 and Company Profiles: Black Mores, Nutrex Hawaii, Sport Research, Life…

Posted: at 8:03 pm

Global Astaxanthin Supplements Market Report 2022 comes with the exclusive industry analysis of development components, patterns, flows, and sizes. The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028. This research study of Astaxanthin Supplements involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. This includes the study of various parameters affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape (including companies like Black Mores, Nutrex Hawaii, Sport Research, Life Extension, Now Foods, Nutricost, and more), historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies, and the technical progress in related industry.

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Current Trends in Astaxanthin Supplements Industry: Market Estimation 2022-2028 and Company Profiles: Black Mores, Nutrex Hawaii, Sport Research, Life...

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2023 Mercedes EQS SUV Ride-Along: Lithium, Cobalt, And A Whole Lot Of Mud – SlashGear

Posted: at 8:03 pm

Twenty-five years are but a quarter of a human life (until life-extension technology improves, that is). Yet, it's a long time as far as history and technology is concerned. In 1997, we still used film cameras for everything. In 1997, there wasn't an iPhone or Pixel (let alone a Google to build the latter). And, in 1997, Mercedes-Benz built its first non-G-Wagen SUV in the most unlikely of places, a new plant in the Southeastern United States.

Twenty-five years later in 2022, film photography is undergoing a renaissance, though not to where it will once again be the end-all, be-all of photography. In fact, digital photography, including the iPhone and Pixel, have firmly taken control of the scene, among other aspects of daily and professional life. Meanwhile, Alabama is still the U.S. home for Mercedes-Benz, which produced over 260,000 GLS and GLE SUVs in 2021, each one touched by one of 4,500 employees, plus 11,000 more from the various suppliers involved.

The new Mercedes-Benz Battery Plant next door will add up to 600 new jobs to the local economy. More than that, though, it'll also help MBUSI and Mercedes-Benz overall traverse the next 25 years. The future is not written, but may it be something we can all look back fondly upon when 2047 rolls around.

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2023 Mercedes EQS SUV Ride-Along: Lithium, Cobalt, And A Whole Lot Of Mud - SlashGear

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Futuristics Overview of Cognitive Health Supplements Market: Industry Insights and Forecast 2022-2028 by NOW Foods, Life Extension, Blackmores,…

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Futuristics Overview of Cognitive Health Supplements Market: Industry Insights and Forecast 2022-2028 by NOW Foods, Life Extension, Blackmores,...

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Viridian Therapeutics to Participate in 32nd Annual Oppenheimer Healthcare Conference on March 15 – GlobeNewswire

Posted: at 8:03 pm

WALTHAM, Mass., March 14, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: VRDN), a biotechnology company advancing new treatments for patients suffering from serious diseases underserved by current therapies, today announced that Jonathan Violin, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Viridian, will participate in a fireside chat at the 32nd Annual Oppenheimer Healthcare Conference on March 15, 2022.

The live webcast and a replay of the fireside chat can be accessed under Events in the Investors section of the Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. website.

About Viridian Therapeutics

Viridian Therapeuticsis a biotechnology company advancing new treatments for patients suffering from serious diseases but underserved by todays therapies. Viridians most advanced program, VRDN-001, is a differentiated monoclonal antibody targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a clinically and commercially validated target for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED). Viridians second product candidate, VRDN-002, is a distinct anti-IGF-1R antibody that incorporates half-life extension technology and is designed to support administration as a convenient, low-volume, subcutaneous injection.TED is a debilitating autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis within the orbit of the eye which can cause double vision, pain, and potential blindness. Patients with severe disease often require multiple remedial surgeries to the orbit, eye muscles and eyelids. Viridian is based in Waltham, Massachusetts.

Investor and Media Contact:John JordanViridian TherapeuticsVice President, Investor Relations& Corporate Communications617-272-4691IR@viridiantherapeutics.com

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When is it a good idea to turn off the camera during a video call – Aviation Analysis Wing

Posted: at 8:02 pm

With video calls, it is no longer necessary to turn on the camera around the clock. Summarize the recommendations.

video calls Across Zoom, MS Teams, Jitsi, Webex, and many other platforms, in many places during the pandemic. In the home office Almost every office employee has one call or the other. Team meetings, meetings with clients, creative meetings, weekly or daily meetings such as press interviews, press conferences, etc.

But it doesnt have to be camera really ready for every call. There are times when its totally fine not to show your face. According to The Next Web, it has somewhat evolved etiquette Developed where you can join video conferencing not better Displays.

When its best to keep the camera closed:

On the other hand, it may be important in certain situations that all team members pay equal attention to video calls.

Gone are the days when you had to turn your camera on 24/7 for video calls.

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When is it a good idea to turn off the camera during a video call - Aviation Analysis Wing

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Rwanda: Wave of Free Speech Prosecutions – Human Rights Watch

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(Nairobi) Judicial authorities in Rwanda are prosecuting opposition members, journalists, and commentators on the basis of their speech and opinions, Human Rights Watch said today. Throughout 2020 and 2021, Human Rights Watch monitored trials in which judicial authorities pursued politically motivated prosecutions and perpetuated a culture of intolerance of dissent.

Less than two years out from the 2024 presidential election campaign season, the Rwandan government should ensure an end to violations against civil society activists, journalists, and opposition figures. The government should also protect their right to freedom of expression a precondition to creating a conducive environment for free and fair elections.

Judicial authorities in Rwanda, lacking the independence to stand up and protect free speech in accordance with international law, have unjustly convicted and jailed people based on their protected speech and opinions, said Lewis Mudge, Central Africa director at Human Rights Watch. All those jailed unjustly should be immediately and unconditionally released, and the abusive legal framework that allowed their prosecution should be reviewed and brought in line with international free speech standards.

Since the publication of a March 2021 report on the arrests of, and threats against, several Rwandans for posts on YouTube, Human Rights Watch has monitored trials and reviewed trial documents and verdicts to examine the evidence and arguments of prosecutorial authorities, and the basis for judges rulings.

Researchers also reviewed content published on various channels managed by journalists and commentators on trial and interviewed 11 opposition members and people who post on YouTube. The cases documented are not exhaustive Human Rights Watch also received information about other similar cases.

On March 3, 2022, Human Rights Watch wrote a letter to Justice Minister Emmanuel Ugirashebuja to share information about the cases it has documented and to request information on the Rwandan authorities steps to address violations of the right to freedom of expression. The government has not responded.

Rwanda has very few opposition parties, and human rights organizations and independent media remain weak. Victoire Ingabire, who was the president of the unregistered opposition party FDU-Inkingi before founding Dalfa-Umurinzi in November 2019, was released from prison in 2018. Members of her party have repeatedly been harassed, threatened, and arrested, or have died or disappeared in suspicious circumstances. Since October 2021, at least eight members of her party have been arrested and charged with offenses, including spreading rumors and forming a criminal association, in relation to a book they acquired and an online training session they attended to learn strategies for peaceful dissent.

Journalists using YouTube as a platform have also been targeted for prosecution for not registering with the Rwanda Media Commission (RMC) or for publishing information that contradicts the governments version of certain events, such as the suspicious death in custody of Kizito Mihigo, a gospel singer and activist, or disappearances of government opponents.

The cases of Dieudonn Niyonsenga alias Cyuma Hassan and Thoneste Nsengimana, which Human Rights Watch documented, could further erode journalists legal protections and narrow the space for media and online speech. Niyonsenga, a high-profile YouTuber, was found guilty on appeal of forgery, impersonation, hindering public works, and humiliation of national authorities and persons in charge of public service. The last charge, which was added during the first appeal, is no longer a criminal offense in Rwanda. The prosecution authority announced it was lodging a second appeal to correct the error. Its verdict is expected on March 18. On March 9, Human Rights Watch received reports and confirmed that Ishema TV was no longer available on YouTube. At time of writing, it is unclear whether the channel was removed voluntarily.

Since 1994, speaking about crimes committed by the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in the aftermath of the genocide, or sometimes even simply commemorating Hutu who were killed during the genocide, is perceived as crossing a red line, with the government presenting it as a threat to Rwandan unity, or the countrys security as a whole.

When you are pro-government, you dont have any problems. When you talk about bad things, you become persecuted, you are a genocide denier, one YouTuber told Human Rights Watch.

Another said, They take one word, and they create a crime for you. Here, the problem is talking the truth. If you do, they go after you.

The Rwandan government may have legitimate grounds to seek to restrict the kind of dangerous, vitriolic speech that led to the deaths of over half a million people in 1994, but current laws and practices go far beyond this purpose creating fear and effectively stifling opinions, debate, and criticism of the government.

As Rwanda approaches the 30-year mark since the genocide, and the government aims to ramp up efforts to combat genocide ideology, there is a need to ensure that Rwandans can peacefully express legitimate grievances related to the genocide and post-genocide periods, Human Rights Watch said.

Article 38 of the 2015 Constitution protects freedom of expression but limits that protection by permitting ill-defined restrictions based on public order, good morals, the protection of the youth and children, the right of every citizen to honor and dignity and protection of personal and family privacy. The government, with the support of the judiciary, has used this clawback clause to impose restrictions on freedom of expression in ways that are incompatible with Rwandas regional and international obligations.

As Rwanda prepares to host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, scheduled to take place in June, the international community should take a stand and press the authorities to stop harassing, immediately release, and drop all charges against opposition members, YouTube commentators and journalists facing abusive prosecutions that violate freedom of expression. The authorities should also open credible, independent, and transparent investigations into suspicious deaths and disappearances of critics, opposition members, civil society actors, and journalists, and prosecute those responsible.

The evidence provided by the prosecuting authorities, and what judges have chosen to rely on to justify their conclusions, clearly demonstrates that these cases violate African and international human rights law, Mudge said. Prosecuting those who challenge the government of incitement to insurrection or of attempting to tarnish the countrys image is an indication of how little dissent is tolerated in Rwanda.

For details of the recent cases, please see below.

Cases Against the Political Opposition

In October 2021, at least eight members of Victoire Ingabires opposition party, Dalfa-Umurinzi, were arrested in the largest crackdown against the party in recent years. Sylvain Sibomana, Alexis Rucubanganya, Hamad Hagenimana, Jean-Claude Ndayishimiye, Alphonse Mutabazi, Marcel Nahimana, and Emmanuel Masengesho were all detained in the days leading up to and following Ingabire day, scheduled for October 14.

On that day, Ingabire was planning to speak about political repression in Rwanda, cases of suspicious deaths, killings, disappearances, and abusive prosecutions. Thoneste Nsengimana, a journalist who was planning to cover the event, was arrested on October 13 and is being tried with the group of seven.

Criminal charges of spreading false information or harmful propaganda with intent to cause a hostile international opinion against Rwandan government and formation of or joining a criminal association were brought against Sibomana, Rucubanganya, Hagenimana, Ndayishimiye, Mutabazi, Nahimana, and Masengesho. On November 9, during a pretrial hearing, the Kicukiro court said it is also considering evidence to support other, undetermined charges against them. The prosecution contended that the defendants were also responsible for inciting insurrection.

Claudine Uwimana, a party member who was arrested on December 14 in Rutsiro, is being tried separately. She is charged with spreading false information, publishing rumors, forming a criminal association, and inciting insurrection, and has been denied bail.

The arrests send a clear message to those who may wish to mobilize, organize, or campaign on a political platform in the lead-up to the elections that efforts to peacefully change the power structures in place can be considered a criminal offense, Human Rights Watch said.

In both cases, the prosecution based its accusations on the groups decision to acquire Blueprint for Revolution, a book written by Srdja Popovic, and to follow a training organized by the authors organization, Canvas the Center for Applied Non-Violent Actions and Strategies. Both the book and the training focus on peaceful strategies to resist authoritarianism, such as nonviolent protest, noncooperation, boycott, and mobilization. The prosecution used as evidence the contents of the book and training, the use of Jitsi an encrypted online communication platform and the use of pseudonyms during the training.

The prosecution also accused the group of planning activities such as mobilizing, among others, street vendors and others who are routinely rounded up and subjected to abuse, and a commemoration of political activists and critics who have died, disappeared, or been jailed, on Ingabire Day, based on the strategies proposed during the training.

Social protest and mobilization offer people the opportunity to peacefully communicate legitimate complaints and grievances. Governments have a responsibility to create a safe and enabling environment for individuals and groups to exercise their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, of expression, and of association.

Journalists Under Threat

Dieudonn Niyonsenga

Dieudonn Niyonsenga, also known as Cyuma Hassan, runs Ishema TV, a popular YouTube channel on which he has published his sensitive and critical reports. Ishema TV has millions of views, and Niyonsenga is one of the most popular YouTube contributors in Rwanda.

In April 2020, police arrested Niyonsenga and his driver, Fidle Komezusenge, as they were reporting on the impact of the Covid-19 guidelines on vulnerable populations in a poor neighborhood of Kigali. Niyonsenga and Komezusenge were accused of forgery, impersonating journalists, and hindering public works for being outside during lockdown without a valid RMC-issued press card. Both spent almost a year in detention, but then were acquitted on March 12, 2021. After his release, Niyonsenga gave several interviews on YouTube describing his treatment in detention. In one, he said:

At first, I think they accused me of seven offenses. It was a lot. They were forcing me to talk but I refused as long as I didnt have a lawyer. They took me to several police stations, I only spent one night in each cell. Finally, my lawyer spoke with them. [In Nyarugenge prison,] I was imprisoned in a one-meter-by-one-meter cell, filled with water and mosquitos. I was not allowed out to exercise.

After his acquittal and release, Niyonsenga continued to do critical and sensitive reporting, including investigating alleged abuses by the military. The prosecution successfully appealed the verdict and on November 11, 2021, Niyonsenga was arrested again at his home while Komezusenge was acquitted.

The appeals court found Niyonsenga guilty of forgery, impersonation, hindering public works, and humiliation of national authorities and persons in charge of public service. The last charge, which was added during the appeal, is no longer a criminal offense in Rwanda. It was struck down from the 2018 Penal Code by the Supreme Court in 2019. The prosecution authority of Rwanda tweeted on November 16 that Prosecution has lodged a 2nd appeal in the case against Niyonsenga Dieudonn alias Cyuma Hassan. The grounds for appeal is to correct an error convicting Cyuma for the crime of humiliating public service officials, a crime that was repealed in 2019.

That Niyonsenga was convicted of a crime that no longer exists in the Penal Code the humiliation of national authorities violates his right to a fair trial by a competent and impartial court. International law requires an effective remedy for anyone whose fair trial rights are violated.

During the first appeals hearings, the prosecution argued that Niyonsenga had practiced journalism and presented an Ishema TV card stating he was a journalist without being registered with the so-called self-regulatory RMC. The court found that although Rwandas media law allows any individual to obtain and impart information online, the fact that Niyonsenga presented himself as a journalist, without accreditation from the RMC, was misleading the public and a crime.

The prosecution argued that even though Niyonsenga, who studied journalism and worked for other registered media before establishing Ishema TV, applied to RMC for accreditation on April 4, 2021, and paid the 20,000 Rwandan Francs fee (US$20), journalism was comparable to medical and legal practice in that it required necessary authorization and qualifications to practice. It contended that the fact that Niyonsenga practiced journalism before having registered was grounds to convict him.

Requirements for journalists to register are rarely, if ever justifiable, and in a context of repression like Rwanda, they are used politically to curtail speech, Human Rights Watch said. Under international law, everyone has a right to obtain information and express oneself online. In its General Comment 34 on the right to freedom of expression, the UN reaffirmed that licensing requirements or other efforts to penalize media solely for being critical of the government or the political social system espoused by the government can never be considered to be a necessary restriction of freedom of expression.

The African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights 2019 Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa obligates governments to guarantee the right to establish various forms of independent media, including online media, and states that Any registration system for media shall be for administrative purposes only, and shall not impose excessive fees or other restrictions on the media.

Thoneste Nsengimana

Thoneste Nsengimana, who runs Umubavu TV, was first arrested in April 2020 and held in pretrial detention on accusations of fraud. On April 12, 2020,the Rwandan Investigation Bureau (RIB) tweeted confirmation of Nsengimanas arrest for alleged fraud. RIB accused him of promising 20,000 Rwandan Francs ($20) to people to say they were receiving assistance from abroad for the purpose of soliciting the story for his own benefit.

A Kicukiro court ordered Nsengimanas release from pretrial detention in May 2020 due to the prosecutions lack of evidence against him, and the charges were eventually dropped. Since his release, Nsengimanas YouTube channel has hosted sensitive and critical discussions on current affairs, including with a YouTube commentator, Aimable Karasira, who is now also in prison.

Nsengimana was arrested again on October 13, 2021, as part of a broader crackdown against Ingabires opposition party Dalfa-Umurinzi after his channel announced its intention to cover the Ingabire Day event.

The prosecution contends that Nsengimana used his YouTube channel to broadcast false information, including a video by activist Mireille Kagabo. The video was shared in the lead-up to Ingabire day, in which she called on people to commemorate heroes and political prisoners. She listed names and cases, including the suspicious death of Kizito Mihigo, the activist and gospel singer, in February 2020, the suspicious disappearance of Cassien Ntamuhanga, a journalist who was forcibly disappeared after being detained in Mozambique in May 2021, and the enforced disappearance and flawed trial of Paul Rusesabagina, a prominent government critic who was convicted of terrorism-related charges. Nsengimana has been charged with spreading false information or harmful propaganda with intent to cause a hostile international opinion against the Rwandan government.

The case is most likely designed to send a message not to question the governments version of events in cases of suspicious deaths, enforced disappearances, and prosecutions of critics and dissidents, Human Rights Watch said.

Dangers of Sensitive Commentary

Government officials have threatened, intimidated, and brought abusive prosecutions against several commentators using YouTube as a platform to self-publish commentary or artistic content. Innocent Bahati, a popular poet who published his work focusing on social and human rights issues on YouTube, remains missing over a year after he disappeared in suspicious circumstances on February 7, 2021. Recently, and after public pressure on the government to disclose his whereabouts increased, the RIB spokesperson told the media that Bahati had crossed into Uganda and that he had been working with anti-Rwanda elements, without providing any supporting evidence.

Aimable Karasira

Aimable Karasira, a Tutsi and former information communication technology professor at the University of Rwanda, has spoken about losing family members both to Hutu extremists and to the RPF in 1994 on hisYouTube channel called Ukuri Mbona(the truth I see in Kinyarwanda).

In July 2020,Edouard Bamporiki, culture and youth minister, attacked Karasira on social media and said he should not be allowed to teach. Karasira was dismissed from the University of Rwanda on August 14, 2020, for the expression of attitudes and opinions through controversial statements and spreading information intended for inciting people to dislike or dishonor your institution and public institutions in general. Karasira latersaid in a YouTube videothat he was summoned to the RIB office on December 8, 2020, where he was told to stop talking about the genocide.

On May 31, 2021, the RIB announced the arrest of Karasira for offenses under Rwandas genocide ideology law. His trial is ongoing.

During Karasiras July 27, 2021, pretrial hearing, the prosecution cited one of his interviews to support the charges of genocide denial and justification, and divisionism. The prosecution cited excerpts from an interview with Agns Nkusi Uwimana, a journalist who runs a YouTube channel, on May 23, 2021.

The prosecution contended that Karasiras statement that the downing of then-president Juvnal Habyarimanas plane in April 1994 became the trigger point for the genocide, constitutes genocide denial. His comments regarding the arrest of former prominent businessman under Habyarimana and one of the alleged masterminds of the Rwandan genocide, Flicien Kabuga, claiming that he was in court because he did not give money to the RPF like other businessmen, [and] saying that its because of the machetes he provided [during the genocide] is not true because every household had a machete were presented as minimizing the genocide.

In addition, the prosecution is arguing that his claim that the RPF had attacked Rwanda prior to the genocide is justification for the genocide and that saying Rwanda was not liberated (by the RPF) we [the survivors] became their sacrifice to justify their rule constitutes divisionism.

On May 30, the day before his arrest, Karasira published another video on his YouTube channel in which he gave details of his familys history, contending that his mother may have been killed in 1994 by the RPF because she witnessed their crimes. After the genocide, he said, he was prevented from receiving the benefits afforded to genocide survivors because of his familys history.

Rwandan laws on genocide ideology, which may have been intended to prevent and punish hate speech of the kind that led to the 1994 genocide, have restricted free speech and imposed strict limits on how people can talk about the genocide and other events of 1994.This case illustrates the extent to which these broad laws can be manipulated to silence those who wish to talk about the RPFs crimes in the aftermath of the genocide or challenge the official narrative around the genocide even survivors themselves.

Yvonne Idamange

Yvonne Idamange, a Tutsi online commentator who has criticized the Covid-19 lockdown and the government-organized genocide commemorations, was arrested on February 15, 2021, after posting a video in which she falselyclaimedthat President Kagame was dead, and called for the army to serve the people or face the wrath of God, and for Rwandans to march with their Bibles toward the office of the president.

In her first YouTube video, Idamange criticized the monetization of genocide memorials for tourism, in which the bodies of our relatives are being sold and questioned notions of collective guilt and the governments approach to commemorations.

On September 30, 2021, the High Court Chamber for International Crimes, where Idamanges trial took place behind closed doors, convicted her of inciting insurrection, minimizing the genocide, desecrating a memorial site, spreading rumors, rebellion against authorities, and issuing a check that bounced. She was sentenced to 15 years in prison and fined 2 million Rwandan Francs ($1,930).

The court convicted Idamange on the basis of statements she made in videos she published on YouTube before her arrest. The court found that her statements that Covid-19 has become a pretext, worsened for political gains that state institutions are ghosts and dont do their work. That the Rwandan state is a state of crooks, bandits, and thieves that Rwanda is a country without a shepherd and that Rwandans are in mourning and should march to Urugwiro to ask for the body of Paul Kagame constitutes inciting insurrection and unrest.

In addition, the court found that Idamanges statements that the Rwandan state threatens genocide survivors by killing people, exposing dead bodies, that its a government that no longer exists that the country has no president the country is governed by a dead body constitutes publication of rumors. Her criticism of the monetization of memorial sites and accusations that genocide survivors are ignored were found to be desecration of a memorial site and genocide minimization.

Many Rwandans have told Human Rights Watch they felt Idamanges statements went too far, including her false claims that President Paul Kagame was dead and her call for Rwandans to march towards the presidency. However, Idamanges treatment during her arrest, the severity of the criminal charges brought against her, the opaque nature of her trial, and the disproportionately harsh sentence handed out appear designed to intimidate anyone thinking of expressing critical, sensitive, or controversial views on the genocide.

Rwandan authorities efforts to combat genuine genocide denial should not involve criminal penalties for mere speech and should not attempt or aim to stifle legitimate and necessary discussion and debate on historical events, Human Rights Watch said. The criminal law, or any laws that create vaguely defined offenses, should not be used to prevent people challenging official versions of events.

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California: Fee Hikes and Privacy Invasions to Be Heard in Committee Next Week – NRA ILA

Posted: at 8:01 pm

Next week, three separate policy committees will hear firearm-related bills as they move along the legislative process. Please use the Take Action buttons below to contact committee members and get involved in protecting our Second Amendment rights in California.

Assembly Public Safety Committeeat 9:00AM on March 22nd

Pro-gun Assembly Bill 2033, introduced by Assembly Member Thurston Smith (R-33), extends the duration that a California concealed firearm license is valid, from two years upto five years. This legislation helps ease the administrative burden on the issuing authorities while simultaneously easingthe financial strain on permit holders.

Please click this button to ask the Assembly Public Safety Committee to SUPPORT AB 2033.

Senate Public Safety Committeeat 1:30PM on March 22nd

Senate Bill 918, introduced by Senator Anthony Portantino (D-25),increases the fee on eligibility checks for precursor firearm parts and ammunition sales. While consumers who pay for basic eligibility checks on ammunition currently, and precursor parts beginning July 1st, won't notice a price hike, they should. This is because CA DOJ has been charging above the statutory maximum for more than two years as a result of their efforts to utilize creative legislative drafting to raise the cost of background checks on firearm transfers. While CA DOJ continues to overcharge consumers, they are utilizing this legislation to authorize the current, and unlawful,fee structure.

Please click this button to ask the Senate Public Safety Committee to OPPOSE SB 918.

Senate Education Committeeat 9:00AM on March 23rd

Senate Bill 906, introduced by Senator Anthony Portantino (D-25),makes it mandatory that parents of students disclose firearm ownership status to the schools their children attend, including how they are stored. It requires that these questions be placed on the forms used to register or enroll students, and these forms may be made available to law-enforcement under certain conditions. This is one more attack onthelaw-abiding citizens of California, amounting to a major invasion of privacy and potential harassment.

Please click this button to ask the Senate Education Committee to OPPOSE SB 906.

On March 15th,Assembly Bill 1869failed to pass the Assembly Public Safety Committee, but it has been granted reconsideration. AB 1869 increases penalties for violating Californias law on serializing home-built firearms and buying, disposing, possessing, etc., any firearm with the manufacturer name, model designation, or serial number altered or obliterated, from misdemeanorsto felonies. The existing California law already goes above and beyond federal law in regulating markings on firearms. These penalties are for mere possession, which can cause otherwise law-abiding citizens, without any criminal intent, to permanentlylose theirSecond Amendment rights.NRA will keep you updated on AB 1869.

Again, please click the buttons above to contact the committees and make your voice heard.

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Vermont: Gun Bill Redux Advances to the Governor – NRA ILA

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Montpelier gun banners worked their way around the Governor's veto of S.30 and advanced a newgun bill, S.4,that incorporated the Governor's suggested change. This essentially put a band-aid on a catastrophe. S.4 is still a horrible bill, and underscores what anti-gun majoritiesin theVermont Statehouseview as theirpriority.

S.30originally began as a location restriction for hospitals but evolved into an Omnibus Gun Control Bill. One of the focal points of the legislation expanded NICS delayed background checks indefinitely. It also expanded the states red flag law. After the Governor vetoed the bill and called for the indefinite wait on NICS delayed checks to be amended to 7 days, the Legislature quickly responded withS.4. They took an existing bill on another subject and did a "strike all" to address the Governor'slonegrievance with the bill.The Senatealso voted to override the Governor's veto, but they did not have the votes for an override in the House. As a result, the House passed S.4 on Thursday on a 90-42 roll call vote that was largely along party lines. Having now passed both chambers, S.4 advances to Gov. Phil Scott for consideration.

Anti-gun legislators have proven they aremore interested in pushing their political agendasrather than working on any number of other serious, real-world problems. They have devoted an extraordinary amount of time this session to pushing gun control, and the agenda will not change until the lawmakers are changed. Elections have consequences, and gun owners need to remember this in November. Theirbrazen moves in an election year underscore that they will notbe deterred until they are sent a message at the ballot box. NRA will continue to fight against all infringements on the Second Amendment and stand up for Vermont gun owners.

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