Daily Archives: March 31, 2022

Akron veteran seeks answers in WWII death of a relative he never knew – Akron Beacon Journal

Posted: March 31, 2022 at 2:38 am

Ralph Musson survived the Bataan Death March in the Philippines 80 years ago this April, enduring the brutal trek as hundreds of his fellow soldiers perished along the way.

Akron relative Jay Musson knows that much about the relative he never met. He also knows his cousin twice removed died later in a prison camp, succumbing to malaria on June 30, 1942.

It's a slice of family history Jay Musson learned by chance, all because of a call out of the blue two years ago, requesting his DNA to help identify Ralph Mussons remains.

An Army contract genealogist was looking for live DNA (from) relatives, Musson said in a recent interview.

The phone call set in motion a continuing search for his relatives story.

Along the way, Musson uncovered Ralph Mussons deep Akron ties in the years before his death in the Cabanatuan Prisoner of War Camp, where a young pilot with a love of music was tossed in a common grave with others who died in the camp.

Jay Mussons DNA sample and two others collected from Massachusettsrelatives of Ralph Musson led to what are believed to be the WWII soldiers remains being sent to Hawaii. There,the militarys top DNA detectives will work to positively identify the set.

As the 80th anniversary of his relatives death approaches, Musson hopes the relocation will lead to Ralph Mussons remains being verified, allowing him to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

Its an absolutely heartbreaking story of what happened to him, Musson said.

Ralph Mussons father lived in Mogadore and attended the University of Akron before moving to Massachusetts for medical school. His aunt, however, remained in Akron.

In the summers, Ralph Musson and his sister would stay with their aunt in Akron, taking trips with her and occasionally appearing on the society pages of local newspapers. One year, Musson said, she took her nephew to Europe.

Ralph was raised in a musical family, Musson said.

He went on to study music at Oberlin Conservatory of Music at Oberlin College, but world events were out of tune with his college goals and he was drawn into the conflict that became World War II.

As tensions between Japan and the U.S. intensified, Ralph Musson put aside his musical ambitions. When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entered World War II, he was stationed in the Philippines, less than 2,000 miles from the the land of the Rising Sun.

Military records show that 2nd Lt. Ralph Musson entered the military on Dec. 30, 1940.

He went into the (military)to fly planes, Musson said. He went to train as a dive-bomber pilot.

The young pilot was sent to the Philippines and stationed on Luzon, the nation's largest and most populous island,as part of a buildup of forces as war tensions grew. When war came after the Dec. 7 attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese turned their attention to Luzon.

But the U.S. and Filipino forces were unprepared. Planes hadnt been delivered to airmen on the island, and when a ground assault began on Dec. 22, the pilots became infantry.

They knew the Philippines was going to fall, so they diverted (the) planes to Australia, Musson said. He was screwed.

Ralph Musson and the 12,000 U.S and 63,000 Filipino soldiers were ordered by Gen. Douglas MacArthur to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula, and a long battle raged from Jan. 7 to April 9. The surrender of the U.S.-led force was the largest since the Civil War and the 60-mile Bataan Death March began, with hundreds of U.S. troops and thousands of Filipino POWs dying along the way.

They got up against the sea and they all surrendered, Musson said. The Japanese felt that these Americans and Filipinos were all cowards who deserved to die. Thats why they didnt have any food, they didnt have any water.

Ralph Musson survived the infamous march, but at Camp Cabanatuan, he contracted malaria. The enemy was not concerned with American burial practices or traditions.

Theyd (bury) 30 guys in a hole, Musson said.

Efforts to identify Ralph Mussons remains are similar those made to successfully confirm the remains of a Barberton sailor, Buford Dyer.

Dyer was on board the USS Oklahoma when it was attacked in Pearl Harbor, and it wasnt until last year that his remains were identified using DNA technology. Previous attempts ended with Dyers remains being classified as unrecoverable.

For Ralph Musson, the process has been similar, with initial efforts to identify his remains ending more than 70 years ago.

The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, however, has been using DNA to successfully identify hundreds of individuals killed in action and is conducting an ongoing project to evaluate evidence related to Cabanatuan POW cases.

When Musson sent his DNA swab to investigators, it helped satisfy requirements for a disinterment of remains. The process was approved Sept. 15, and the remains were sent to Hawaii.

Musson expects another wait before he and Ralph Mussons other relatives learn if military experts can identify the young pilots remains. The answer will be one more piece of the 80-year-old mystery and help preserve Ralph Mussons legacy. His relatives in Massachusetts, like Musson,knew little about him before the process began.

They said they saw his pictures at Ralphs mothers house, he said. There was a picture of him on the wall, and thats about all they knew.

Musson said he feels a deep connection to the relative he never met.

The Akron resident was drafted in 1966, went on active duty in February 1967, and was sent to Vietnam on April 1, 1968.

He saw heavy fighting in the Mekong Valley, the location of some of most brutal fighting in the war. Jay Musson was injured in the knee and was awarded a Purple Heart. He said he suffered more long-term damage from post-traumatic stress disorder than his injury.

His license plate, a half-century later, reads SHOT4U.

With the advent of the coronavirus pandemic, Musson began delving into his family history and uncovering at least 20 family members who served in the U.S. military. The roots run back to the French and Indian War, before there was a United States, and the Revolutionary War.

But Ralph Mussons case has consumed him the most, Musson said.

What I always worried about happening to me happened to him, Musson said.

Leave a message for Alan Ashworth at 330-996-3859 or email him at aashworth@gannett.com. Follow him on Twitter at @newsalanbeaconj.

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Around a third of Germans take vitamin food supplements every week, say BfR – NutraIngredients.com

Posted: at 2:37 am

Results from the Institutes survey of around 1,000 people also found one in six take food supplements every day in a finding that could have long-term health implications.

The market for vitamins in the form of food supplements is growing continuously. says BfR President Professor Dr Andreas Hensel.

The diverse range of tablets, capsules and liquids give the impression that a sufficient vitamin intake is not possible from diet alone. However, in most cases taking vitamins via food supplements is not useful.

On the contrary: Taking high-dose food supplements in addition to a balanced diet increases the risk of an oversupply of the respective vitamins.

The representative population survey or the BfR Consumer Monitor sets out to ask which health risks the population are aware of and what aspects worries them.

Conducted regularly since 2014, this latest survey also finds the majority of respondents (93%) think vitamins to be essential for human life.

Additionally, around half of respondents believe they pay attention to adequate vitamin intakes with fruit and vegetables considered the most important vitamin sources, followed by fish and legumes.

Only around one quarter of respondents consider food supplements to be an important source of vitamin intake.

With one in six respondents confessing to taking supplements daily, the survey finds vitamin D, followed by vitamin B12, vitamin C and multivitamin preparations to be the most popular.

When questioned further, a deficiency of a vitamin was the most popular reason for taking the food supplement.

Further analysis of the respondents thought processes finds they perceive expected positive effects and potential health risks of vitamins in food supplements differently - depending on whether they take the respective products or not.

About half of consumers, but only around one in ten non-consumers, see a high health benefit in taking them.

As regards the issue of overdosage, with non-consumers, three out of five (59%) rate the likelihood of an oversupply (when vitamins via food supplements are taken daily) as high.

Among consumers, this figure dropped to 42%. In fact, state the survey team, the risk of an oversupply increases when high-dose vitamin preparations are taken in addition to a balanced diet.

Food supplements are food, hence must not endanger health. The responsibility for this generally lies with the food companies, the BfR points out.

Food supplements do not undergo any official authorisation procedure, during which actual health safety must be proven.

The German Food Supplements Regulation (NemV) specifies which vitamins may be added to a food supplement.

However, it does not contain any legally binding maximum amounts for the addition of vitamins.

The recommendations published by the BfR for maximum levels of vitamins in food supplements can contribute to the discussion on establishing standardised EU-wide regulations.

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Should You Give Multivitamins To Your Toddler? – NDTV

Posted: at 2:37 am

Kids should get their vitamins from the healthy balanced diet

If we are to believe the ads, all the kids need the daily dosage of iron and calcium. Nonetheless, it is not true. Ideally, kids should get their vitamins from the healthy balanced diet given to them, starting from their weaning period. Most toddlers require around 15mg of iron per day from their meals.

While many young children are picky eaters, this does not always indicate malnutrition. Many typical meals, such as morning cereal, milk, and orange juice, are fortified with vital minerals such as B vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and iron. As a result, it's possible that your toddler is getting more vitamins and minerals than you believe.

Furthermore, some vitamins and minerals may interfere with any drugs that your kid is taking. If you're concerned about whether your kid is getting the required amount of vitamins and minerals, talk to his or her doctor. If your kid is experiencing a delay in physical and developmental growth (failure to thrive), has certain chronic conditions or food allergies, or follows a strict vegan diet, a multivitamin may be beneficial.

How Can You Ensure Your Toddler Gets Enough Iron?

The best strategy to prevent and cure iron deficiency is to eat iron-rich, healthful meals. Red meats, fish, and poultry, iron-fortified cereal, oatmeal, beans (black, kidney, lima, navy, pinto, and soy beans), tofu, and greens are all considered good sources of iron.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Kids

Anemia is a disorder that occurs when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Irritability, shortness of breath, strange food cravings, loss of appetite, exhaustion and weakness, sore tongue, headaches, or dizziness are all indicators of a shortage of iron in the body. Toddlers whDisclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. NDTV is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information on this article. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The information, facts or opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.o consume too much cow's milk and do not consume enough iron-rich nutritious foods are at risk of becoming anaemic. Other reasons for sluggish blood loss over time, such as bleeding in the digestive tract, include the body's inability to absorb iron (even with an iron-rich diet) or delayed blood loss owing to bleeding in the digestive tract. Poisoning with lead is also possible.

Iron deficiency anaemia is the medical term for this condition, and if your child has previously been tested and has iron deficiency anaemia, he will most likely require an iron supplement in addition to consuming more iron-rich foods. Feosol, Niferex, and Icar are examples of iron supplements that contain far more iron than a normal multivitamin.

Your kid's doctor will have to prescribe the correct supplement for your child, so if the first supplement they recommend isn't a good fit, be sure to tell them and ask for alternative options.

Avoid giving your kid iron supplements or vitamins containing iron without first seeing your doctor. Poisoning can occur if you consume too much iron.

(Dr Nishant Bansal, Consultant Neonatologist, Motherhood Hospital, Noida)

If your child's doctor suggests taking a multivitamin, be sure it's tailored to his or her age group and doesn't include more than 100% of the Daily Value for vitamins and minerals. Additionally, keep multivitamins out of reach of your youngster and make it obvious that they are not sweets.

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B12 Side Effects and Interactions – Greatist

Posted: at 2:37 am

Like all good things, too much of any vitamin or mineral can stir up trouble. Vitamin B12 is no exception and can cause side effects.

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA production, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and brain health. But if you take B12 supplements, you risk ingesting more B12 than you actually need. Here are the deets.

B12 supplements come in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, soft gels, gummies, and drops or sprays.

Taking these B12 supplements when you arent deficient may cause side effects like:

If you notice any of these side effects, stop taking B12. And call your doc if anything gets worse.

While not fully proven side effects, research has also linked the following health risks to taking high dose B12 supplements when you arent deficient, like:

Just note, we still need more research to know these outcomes are actually linked to B12 supplements. If anything, its a good reminder that you should def chat with your doc about finding out if youre deficient in B12 before you take a supplement.

If youve got a more serious case of vitamin B12 deficiency, your doctor may recommend B12 shots to boost those B12 levels. These injections send a high dose of vitamin B12 straight into your system, helping to counteract the effects of a deficiency.

B12 injections are generally considered safe if youre deficient, and side effects are super rare. Still, you may experience mild side effects like diarrhea and swelling. Call your doc if these symptoms dont go away or get worse.

You can also encounter rare, serious side effects like:

Its important to call your doc ASAP if you notice any of these negative effects.

While B12 is fairly safe on its own, it doesnt always play well with certain drugs or supplements. These meds can lower your bodys B12 levels by affecting absorption, so you might need to take a B12 supplement to keep those red blood cells in tip-top shape.

Common meds that B12 may interact with include:

Talk with your doc before adding B12 to your diet if youre currently taking any medications. To avoid any serious interactions, they may recommend specific dosage amounts or suggest taking medications and B12 supplements at different times.

B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is absorbed in your intestines. That means any extra your body doesnt need is flushed out of your system when you sweat or pee. (Science!)

Because of this, theres actually no tolerable upper intake level (UL) for B12 (the max dose you can take before you experience side effects). But if youre not deficient in B12, taking a B12 supplement is still linked to side effects.

On top of that, B12 is a unique water soluble vitamin because your body is great at storing it. An average person can have enough stored B12 to last them 3 to 5 years! That said, deficiency is rare and can only be confirmed through a lab test.

If you have any questions or concerns about what dose of B12 is best for you, talk with your doc for guidance.

First things first: If you start experiencing any side effects from taking B12 supplements, stop taking them ASAP.

Symptoms continuing to pester you or getting worse? Time to dial up your doc.

They can help figure out whats going on (like if youre taking doses that are too high or if another supplement is interfering with your B12 levels) and help you figure out the best course of action. This may include adjusting dosage amounts, adding more B12-rich foods to your diet, or simply skipping supplements altogether.

The National Institutes of Health shares the following recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) in micrograms (mcg) when it comes to vitamin B12:

Food is also a great source of nutritional goodness, and many people are able to fulfill all of their B12 needs through diet alone. You can get your RDA of this vital vitamin by eating B12-rich foods, like:

We know, we know: Many of these foods arent fit for the awesome vegans and vegetarians among us. For our more plant-based friends, there are a variety of fortified foods that can give you that B12 boost, such as certain soy products, foods containing yeast extracts, and even many bread and cereals (yums!).

Vitamin B12 is necessary for your bodys overall wellness needs. You can get most of your B12 intake from common foods, like meat, dairy, fish, or fortified foods like bread or cereal.

But if you need an extra B12 boost thanks to a deficiency, supplements or injections may help. If you arent deficient, you may experience side effects taking a supplement.

While rare, you may also experience not-so-fun side effects, or even a life threatening allergic reaction, from a B12 injection.

If you experience any adverse effects from your B12 supplement, stop taking it. Symptoms should go away on their own. If they dont subside or they get worse, talk with your doc. They can see whats up and recommend treatment.

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Europol warns food fraud on the rise as illicit meat, seafood and expired food cases increase – Food Ingredients First

Posted: at 2:37 am

30 Mar 2022 --- Europols latest Opson IX report on food fraud activity across 77 countries worldwide details a total of 12,000 illicit food products seized with a retail value of approximately US$40 million.

Roughly 19 organized crime groups were disrupted, and 27,579 inspections were carried out. About 2 million liters of fake or sub-standard drinks and 2,000 tons of fraudulent fruit, vegetables and legumes were seized.

The report highlights seizures, inspections, arrests, criminal cases, administrative cases, search warrants for 2020 to 2021. The next update will follow later this year.

A lot of attention has been paid to the problem of the meat industry and the meat sector and relatively much attention to the fishing sectors. These are the important sectors, Eric Sonnet, inspector director, Federal Public Service (FPS) Economy, Brussels, tells FoodIngredientsFirst.

We have the problem that a certain species (fish) is sold as another species. Thats relatively harder to see because there are a lot of species of fish, and there are a few that are not in the database that could be one of those problems that arise.

High fraud risk meat categoryAccording to Europol, illicit products in this category remain at high risk for public health. At the same time, their wide demand is a pull factor in terms of intellectual property rights (IPR) crime because the sale of these products involves a brand or a designation of origin.

Participants reported 169 cases involving roughly 255 metric tons of meat and meat products, estimated roughly at US$1 million. This is more than double the cases reported in the previous year.

The value of seizures increased by 20%, indicating that it is a high-risk category, especially during crises.

Open sources indicate that this product poses additional threats in the COVID-19 pandemic, which proved that zoonotic infection clusters could form and spread rapidly among workers of meat processing plants or specialized markets.

North Macedonia reported higher seizures with 21 metric tons of frozen chicken, Hungary with 15 metric tons of meat products, Portugal with 17 metric tons and Italy with 9 metric tons.

Illicit activity for this category relates to species substitution, false halal certification, false labeling, expiration, products originating in avian influenza areas, illegal slaughtering of horses and pigs, hazardous hygiene conditions and no traceability or labels.About 43 tons of illicit seafood products were reported.

Active fraud always has a financial aspect, so those people who cheat try to substitute a key ingredient with a cheaper element or sell something cheaper than the effective product, for example, cured meat sold as cured beef, 100% beef that is part pork, fish that is sold as cod or an oil with sugar added, Sonnet explains.

FPS has 15 members monitoring food and nutrition fraud or related matters. The function is split among various authorities, such as the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF).

There is always an aspect of mixing cheaper elements in a more expensive main ingredient like fried chicken that has added water to make it appear more high-end. We do many controls in this sector, but we do not see much activity in Belgium, says Sonnet.

Seafood is a complicated categoryThe threat related to seafood is increasing and becoming more complex, Europol reports. Illegal fishing, food safety and IPR crimes of products subjected to the designation of origin mar the sale of seafood.

About 43 tons of illicit seafood products were reported in 79 cases, estimated at around US$ 591,094. Two arrests and two search warrants were carried out. Higher seizures were reported by Portugal, totaling 30 tons of cod, sole, manta fish, bivalve mollusks, cuttlefish and octopus.

Unspecified seafood was reported for Italy and Jordan. A ton of dried shrimp was recovered in Belgium.

The food items seized were species substitutions, for example, Alaskan plaice instead of sole fish or the sale of various types of other fish as Atlantic/Pacific cod. Packaging issues were reported for adding water to frozen scallops to increase weight, mislabeling the product (generic commercial name instead of the exact species) or expired products.

In Italy, in one seizure, the authorities found counterfeit labels falsely stating that the fish products were coming from a particular plant in a marketplace.

In South Africa, the invoice for several seafood products stated personal protection equipment (masks and gloves) related to COVID-19.

The industry wants to avoid consumers losing confidence. For example, the horsemeat fraud caused a problem for the cattle sector and took years to regain consumers trust. That is certainly not a positive element for the meat sector if fraud is committed, says Sonnet.

Food supplements and additives ripe for fraudThe participants reported 40 seizures totaling about 52 tons of illicit products with an estimated value of US$2 million of supplements and additives. The US also reported notable seizures. In one case, 300,000 pieces were seized, and in other cases, a total of 147,636 of supplements under the form of pills or powder were recovered.

North Macedonia seized about 5,400 black seed oil and olive oil capsules, while Ecuador seized 3,400 units of yeast. Approximately 26 arrests, 16 search warrants and three OCGs have been reported in correlation with this category.

Sale of expired goods is on the riseAccording to Europol, countries should evaluate their approach to tackling the security of the food supply chain by looking into new strategies, increased controls, safer procedures and preventative measures. Ensuring better protection for law enforcement personnel was cited as another critical element in curbing food fraud.

COVID-19 decreased organized crime involvement in food crime in the first months of the pandemic.

The number of seizures involving expired food items was the highest seen thus far. The Europol team logged 408 criminal cases, 407 arrest warrants and 235 search warrants. A total of 2,980 administrative points were logged.About 52 tons of illicit products in the supplements category were seized.

Significant IPR threats to foodNon-alcoholic beverages pose an increasing threat to the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) environment and are susceptible to counterfeiting, especially in Africa and Asia. Illegal products seized were present in 104 reports, totaling 422 tons with an estimated value of US$348,699.

Italy, Indonesia, Burundi and Jordan have seen significant seizures of non-alcoholic beverages, including bottled water, ginger juice, energy drinks and soda pops. One OCG has been apprehended, and 89 arrest warrants have been issued.

Dairy products have been cited as a significant threat to IPR and public health, particularly in Europe, when a brand or designation of origin is associated with it. A total of 435 tons were recovered in 69 seizures, with an estimated value of US$10.6 million.

Italy reported several notable seizures primarily for food safety and fraud around cheese. Portugal seized 54 tons of cheese in which the products characteristics deceived consumers. Among irregularities discovered is the use of UHT milk containing foreign substances, false labeling or damaged packaging, to name a few.

Moderate threatsAccording to Europol, fruit, vegetables, and legumes pose a moderate threat, with 98 cases having been reported. An increase of 440 tons with an estimated value of US$665,243 has been reported, double the figure documented in the previous report.

The highest seizures in this category were for sweet potatoes and honey pumpkin of Portugal (284 tons), olives in brine of Italy (76 tons) and unknown parsley roots in Hungary (4.1 tons). Four arrest warrants and two search warrants were issued in connection with this category.

In most cases, the seizures were carried out because of food safety reasons, relating to possible contagious organisms, irregularities in labeling, presence of animal origin substances, expired products or general lack of sanitary inspection documents.

While sugar and sweet products pose a medium threat to public health, Europol statistics show an increasing threat to the food-related IPR environment. Italy reported notable seizures for refined sugar and Belarus for chocolate.

Two higher seizures were reported in the honey category, and several seizures were carried out in Indonesia for jelly cups, jelly sticks and sugar made of molasses. Adulterated honey and honey smuggling was reported in Croatia, Italy, Spain and Denmark.

By Inga de Jong

To contact our editorial team please email us at editorial@cnsmedia.com

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Packaged Facts research reveals growing trends in pet nutrition – Pet Food Processing

Posted: at 2:37 am

ORLANDO, FLA. On March 23, Packaged Facts shared its latest pet market data during Global Pet Expo held in Orlando from March 23 to 25. According to David Sprinkle, research director at Packaged Facts, the trends and concerns of pet parents, along with the COVID-19 pandemic, have aided in the increased concern of pet health and wellness, a decline of brick-and-mortar purchasing, and new omnimarket trends.

Pet parent attitudes

Packaged Facts data revealed the trends across generations via personal attitudes toward pet care, which the American Pet Products Association took a closer look at in volume four of its Generational Report. According to Packaged Facts, most pet owners across all generations consider their pets to be part of their family, with a high of 81% of Baby Boomers and a low of 75% of Millennials/Gen Z.

What's interesting here is the literal disappearance of even somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree, [with the claim that pets are a part of the family], Sprinkle said. There's almost no one who actively disagrees with the idea that your [pets] are part of the family. And that is pretty remarkable, and helps explain the size of the industry and the robust growth of the industry.

This trend of viewing pets as part of the family has also led to an increase in pet parent interest in pet health and wellness. According to Packaged Facts, 35% Baby Boomers, 40% Gen X and 45% of Millennials/Gen Z are concerned with their pets health and wellness, with many citing COVID-19 as the ultimate cause.

You can see that the percentages are relatively high, Sprinkle explained. Not only has the pandemic accelerated many trends already in place, but it especially accelerated [the health and wellness trend] among Millennials and Gen Z and among new pet owners. Just in the example of pet supplements as a COVID-19 health and wellness concern, only 3% of Baby Boomers and 18% of Millennials [are giving their pets supplements].

The rising generational difference in pet health concerns has influenced the popularity of the pet supplement segment within the market. The most popular condition-specific supplements for dogs include joint and mobility, skin and coat health, immune system health, dental and oral health, heart health and stress and anxiety calming.

Among cat and dog owners specifically, Packaged Facts found that pet food usage of alternative formats, which include fresh, frozen, raw and freeze-dried pet foods, varies from generation to generation. Twenty-nine percent of Millennial/Gen Z dog owners and 24% of Millennial/Gen Z cat owners reported using these alternative pet foods, compared to 28% of Gen X dog owners and 20% of Gen X cat owners. Baby Boomers are less likely to use alternative pet food formats, at just 13% for dog owners and 9% for cat owners in this generation.

As interest in health and wellness concerns continue to grow, many pet parents are using a variety of sources, from the internet to in-store retailers and veterinarians, to find products that speak to health and wellness, such as supplements.

Sources of healthcare [and pet care] information have really diversified, Sprinkle explained. The range of influences is much more balanced across sources and that all becomes points of competition, points of influence or active spending, whether it is products or services.

According to Packaged Facts, older generations like Seniors (75-years-old and older) and Baby Boomers rely on their veterinarians and past experience in pet ownership to inform them on the necessary pet care information, whereas younger generations, like Gen X, Millennials and Gen Z, rely less on their veterinarians and more so on family members and friends, pet specialty stores, and the internet and social media.

Online versus brick-and-mortar

Along with increased levels of concern about pet health, COVID-19 has also led to the rise in online purchasing, especially in the pet food and product space. Packaged Facts found that 40% of pet parents claimed to shop online more because of COVID-19, only 6% claimed to shop online less as a result of the pandemic, and 54% claimed that their online shopping wasnt affected by COVID-19.

The pandemic accelerated a trend that was already in place, pushing a high percentage of pet product sales online, Sprinkle said.

According to Sprinkle, pet product sales drastically increased to $26 billion in 2021, compared to a mere $6 billion in 2016.

Looking at pet parents general patterns of purchasing in-store versus online pre and post pandemic, 53% of pet owners claimed to shop in-store before COVID-19, with a mere 7% shopping exclusively online. But after COVID-19, in-store shopping dropped to 32%, with exclusively online shopping rising to 18%.

The increase in online purchasing and drastic decrease of brick-and-mortar purchasing has already affected pet product and food dollar shares. According to Sprinkle, e-commerce and online shopping is projected to be 48% of all pet product sales by 2026, further damaging the growth of brick-and-mortar purchasing.

Brick-and-mortar is of course decreasing and not only decreasing, inevitably, but it's bringing down growth and share for all other channels, Sprinkle added. So, whether it's supercenters, supermarkets, whether it's chain pet stores or independent pet stores, the success of e-commerce does not leave room for anyone else to really maintain a main share at the brick-and-mortar level.

The omnimarket trend

Sprinkle also introduced the term omnimarket. According to Sprinkle, the term omnimarket refers to a companys more thorough saturation of the pet market. For example, many pet food companies have begun to enter other areas of the pet space, like veterinary services, to foster more customer loyalty.

It's not simply about selling products or selling services, Sprinkle explained. It's really about diversifying and sort of expanding your tendrils so you can compete or take your spending as effectively and as holistically as possible.

The omnimarket trend is not only popular with pet product companies but also with many human product and food companies, with a number of traditionally human-focused brands entering the pet food space. According to Sprinkle, most pet parents are receptive toward human companies moving into the pet space.

Packaged Facts found that 30% to 34% of Millennials and Gen Z pet owners like the idea of human companies crossing over into pet, while only 13% to 16% of Seniors are fond of this omnimarket strategy.

We can expect to see this increasing based on the opportunity as evidenced by pet market performance during the pandemic, but also based on consumer receptivity, Sprinkle said. Its all kinds of border crossings that are creating growth and opportunity, catering to the wider range of demands and expectations of Millennials and Gen Z and Baby Boomers and Seniors

In light of COVID-19 implications and this trending omnimarket strategy, Packaged Facts shared the growth of the pet industry in 2021. Overall, industry sales have increased 14% to about $125 billion, whereas the pet food and treat segment has witnessed an increase of 15% to $51 billion.

Looking into 2022, Sprinkle said he expects to see many more human brands cross over into the pet market, further increasing the value of the entire industry.

Read more of ourGlobal Pet Expo coverage.

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The Mung Bean Protein Market is slated to exceed $280 million by 2028, says Global Market Insights Inc. – GlobeNewswire

Posted: at 2:37 am

Selbyville, Delaware, March 30, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- As per the latest research report by Global Market Insights Inc., the Mung Bean Protein Market was estimated at USD 220 million in 2021 and is expected to reach a valuation of around USD 280 million by 2028, progressing at a CAGR of 3% from 2022 to 2028. The report provides a detailed analysis of drivers & opportunities, top winning strategies, market size & estimations, competitive scenario, wavering market trends, and major investment pockets.

Mung bean protein finds extensive usage in savory snacks like sauce, soups, and sausages as well as confectionary and bakery products. It has high contents of healthy antioxidants, cinnamic acid, and phenolic acid, which help reduce harmful radicals, thereby boosting product uptake. Rising usage of organic food products in the food & beverage sector, coupled with soaring popularity of conventional products over synthetic products, is slated to augment the mung bean protein market share through the forecast timeline.

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Hydrolyzed mung bean protein is an organic product containing high amounts of micronutrients, amino acids, and minerals. It is widely used for improving the flavor of processed foods, such as seasoning, savory snacks, and others. It is easy-to-digest and has several health benefits like controlling and preventing health issues, which is bolstering product demand. Increasing consumption of highly nutritious and healthy food is anticipated to support product adoption in varied industries. Driven by these factors, the hydrolyzed product segment is primed to reach a valuation of above USD 20 million by 2028.

Meanwhile, the mung bean protein market share from the organic nature segment is projected to garner a substantial share of about 18% in the market by 2028. Mounting health care awareness and changing consumption pattern are likely to facilitate segmental growth over the study timeframe.

Key reasons for mung bean protein market growth:

2028 forecasts show dietary supplements segment retaining its dominance:

In terms of application, the dietary supplements segment holds the largest share in the market and is primed to exceed USD 20 million in revenue by 2028. In dietary supplements, green grams are used in protein powders, immunity supplements, and weight-gaining supplements. Growing demand for dietary supplements, along with rising awareness regarding digestive and immune health among consumers, is foreseen to promote segmental progress in the upcoming period.

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Europe to maintain top status in terms of revenue:

On the regional spectrum, the Europe mung bean protein industry is the third largest market after APAC and North America and is speculated to attain a valuation of USD 25 million by the end of 2028. Growing prominence of healthy lifestyle patterns has enhanced the consumption of fortified food products in the region. Major benefits of mung beans, including high content of proteins, minerals, fibers, and vitamins, which improve the nutritional value of food products are expected to foster market outlook in Europe. Surging adoption of plant-based food over animal-based products on account of growing awareness about animal cruelty in Europe is set to impel regional market growth.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mung bean protein market:

The coronavirus pandemic changed consumption patterns of alternative proteins owing to supply chain disruptions across the globe as well as rising health consciousness and awareness pertaining to vegetarian or vegan diets among consumers. Growing demand for plant-based proteins due to their notable health benefits also prompted companies to increase production of these proteins. Burgeoning consumer interest in plant-based proteins has played a vital role in boosting market growth during the pandemic.

Leading market players:

Key firms operating in the global mung bean protein industry include ETprotein, ET-chem Natural Ingredients, Equinom, Prinova Group LLC, 3B Keto, Laybio, Bulk Powders, Henry Broch Foods, FUJI Plant Protein Labs, and Organicway Inc., among others.

About Global Market Insights Inc.

Global Market Insights Inc., headquartered in Delaware, U.S., is a global market research and consulting service provider. Offering syndicated and custom research reports, growth consulting and business intelligence services, Global Market Insights Inc. aims to help clients with penetrative insights and actionable market data that aid in strategic decision making.

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The Mung Bean Protein Market is slated to exceed $280 million by 2028, says Global Market Insights Inc. - GlobeNewswire

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Six Steps to Responsible AI in the Federal Government – Brookings Institution

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There is widespread agreement that responsible artificial intelligence requires principles such as fairness, transparency, privacy, human safety, and explainability. Nearly all ethicists and tech policy advocates stress these factors and push for algorithms that are fair, transparent, safe, and understandable.1

But it is not always clear how to operationalize these broad principles or how to handle situations where there are conflicts between competing goals.2 It is not easy to move from the abstract to the concrete in developing algorithms and sometimes a focus on one goal comes at the detriment of alternative objectives.3

In the criminal justice area, for example, Richard Berk and colleagues argue that there are many kinds of fairness and it is impossible to maximize accuracy and fairness at the same time, and impossible simultaneously to satisfy all kinds of fairness.4 While sobering, that assessment likely is on the mark and therefore must be part of our thinking on ways to resolve these tensions.

Algorithms also can be problematic because they are sensitive to small data shifts. Ke Yang and colleagues note this reality and say designers need to be careful in system development. Worrying, they point out that small changes in the input data or in the ranking methodology may lead to drastic changes in the output, making the result uninformative and easy to manipulate.5

Algorithms also can be problematic because they are sensitive to small data shifts.

In addition, it is hard to improve transparency with digital tools that are inherently complex. Even though the European Union has sought to promote AI transparency, researchers have found limited gains in consumer understanding of algorithms or the factors that guide AI decisionmaking. Even as AI becomes ubiquitous, it remains an indecipherable black box for most individuals.6

In this paper, I discuss ways to operationalize responsible AI in the federal government. I argue there are six steps to responsible implementation:

There need to be codes of conduct that outline major ethical standards, values, and principles. Some principles cut across federal agencies and are common to each one. This includes ideas such as protecting fairness, transparency, privacy, and human safety. Regardless of what a government agency does, it needs to assure that its algorithms are unbiased, transparent, safe, and capable of maintaining the confidentiality of personal records.7

But other parts of codes need to be tailored to particular agency missions and activities. In the domestic area, for example, agencies that work on education and health care must be especially sensitive to the confidentiality of records. There are existing laws and rights that must be upheld and algorithms cannot violate current privacy standards or analyze information in ways that generate unfair or intrusive results.8

In the defense area, agencies have to consider questions related to the conduct of war, how automated technologies are deployed in the field, ways to integrate intelligence analytics into mission performance, and mechanisms for keeping humans in the decisionmaking loop. With facial recognition software, remote sensors, and autonomous weapons systems, there have to be guardrails regarding acceptable versus unacceptable uses.

As an illustration of how this can happen, many countries came together in the 20th century and negotiated agreements outlawing the use of chemical and biological weapons, and the first use of nuclear weapons. There were treaties and agreements that mandated third-party inspections and transparency regarding the number and type of weapons. Even at a time when weapons of mass destruction were pointed at enemies, adversarial countries talked to one another, worked out agreements, and negotiated differences for the safety of humanity.

As the globe moves towards greater and more sophisticated technological innovation, both domestically and in terms of military and national security, leaders must undertake talks that enshrine core principles and develop conduct codes that put those principles into concrete language. Failure to do this risks using AI in ways that are unfair, dangerous, or not very transparent.9

Some municipalities already have enacted procedural safeguards regarding surveillance technologies. Seattle, for example, has enacted a surveillance ordinance that establishes parameters for acceptable uses and mechanisms for the public to report abuses and offer feedback. The law defines relevant technologies that fall under the scope of the law but also illustrates possible pitfalls. In such legislation, it is necessary to define what tools rely upon algorithms and/or machine learning and how to distinguish such technologies from conventional software that analyzes data and acts on that analysis.10 Conduct codes wont be very helpful unless they clearly delineate the scope of their coverage.

Employees need appropriate operational tools that help them safely design and deploy algorithms. Previously, developing an AI application required detailed understanding of technical operations and advanced coding. With high-level applications, there might be more than a million lines of code to instruct processors on how to perform certain tasks. Through these elaborate software packages, it is difficult to track broad principles and how particular programming decisions might create unanticipated consequences.

Employees need appropriate operational tools that help them safely design and deploy algorithms.

But now there are AI templates that bring sophisticated capabilities to people who arent engineers or computer scientists. The advantage of templates is they increase the scope and breadth of applications in a variety of different areas and enable officials without strong technical backgrounds to use AI and robotic process automation in federal agencies.

At the same time, though, it is vital that templates be designed in ways where their operational deployment promotes ethics and fights bias. Ethicists, social scientists, and lawyers need to be integrated into product design so that laypeople have confidence in the use of these tools. There cannot be questions about how these packages operate or on what basis they make decisions. Agency officials have to feel confident that algorithms will make decisions impartially and safely.

Right now, it sometimes is difficult for agency officials to figure out how to assess risk or build emerging technologies into their missions.11 They want to innovate and understand they need to expedite the use of technology in the public sector. But they are not certain whether to develop products in-house or rely on proprietary or open-source software from the commercial market.

One way to deal with this issue is to have procurement systems that help government officials choose products and design systems that work for them. If the deployment is relatively straightforward and resembles processes common in the private sector, commercial products may be perfectly viable as a digital solution. But if there are complexities in terms of mission or design, there may need to be proprietary software designed for that particular mission. In either circumstance, government officials need a procurement process that meets their needs and helps them choose products that work for them.

We also need to keep humans in some types of AI decisionmaking loops so that human oversight can overcome possible deficiencies of automated software. Carnegie Mellon University Professor Maria De-Arteaga and her colleagues suggest that machines can reach false or dangerous conclusions and human review is essential for responsible AI.12

However, University of Michigan Professor Ben Green argues that it is not clear that humans are very effective at overseeing algorithms. Such an approach requires technical expertise that most people lack. Instead, he says there needs to be more research on whether humans are capable of overcoming human-based biases, inconsistencies, and imperfections.13 Unless humans get better at overcoming their own conscious and unconscious biases, manual oversight runs the risk of making bias problems worse.

In addition, operational tools must be human-centered and fit the agency mission. Algorithms that do not align with how government officials function are likely to fail and not achieve their objectives. In the health care area, for example, clinical decisionmaking software that does not fit well with how doctors manage their activities are generally not successful. Research by Qian Yang and her colleagues documents how user-centered design is important for helping physicians use data-driven tools and integrating AI into their decisionmaking.14

Finally, the community and organizational context matter. As argued by Michael Katell and colleagues, some of the most meaningful responsible AI safeguards are based not on technical criteria but on organizational and mission-related factors.15 The operationalization of AI principles needs to be tailored to particular areas in ways that advance agency mission. Algorithms that are not compatible with major goals and key activities are not likely to work well.

To have responsible AI, we need clear evaluation benchmarks and metrics. Both agency and third-party organizations require a means of determining whether algorithms are serving agency missions and delivering outcomes that meet conduct codes.

One virtue of digital systems is they generate a large amount of data that can be analyzed in real-time and used to assess performance. They enable benchmarks that allow agency officials to track performance and assure algorithms are delivering on stated objectives and making decisions in fair and unbiased ways.

To be effective, performance benchmarks should distinguish between substantive and procedural fairness. The former refers to equity in outcomes, while the latter involves the fairness of the process, and many researchers argue that both are essential to fairness. Work by Nina Grgic-Hlaca and colleagues, for example, suggests that procedural fairness needs to consider the input features used in the decision process, and evaluate the moral judgments of humans regarding the use of these features. They use a survey to validate their conclusions and find that procedural fairness may be achieved with little cost to outcome fairness.16

Joshua New and Daniel Castro of the Center for Data Innovation suggest that error analysis can lead to better AI outcomes. They call for three kinds of analysis (manual review, variance analysis, and bias analysis). Comparing actual and planned behavior is important as is identifying cases where systematic errors occur.17 Building those types of assessments into agency benchmarking would help guarantee safe and fair AI.

A way to assure useful benchmarking is through open architecture that enables data sharing and open application programming interfaces (API). Open source software helps others keep track of how AI is performing and data sharing enables third-party organizations to assess performance. APIs are crucial to data exchange because they help with data sharing and integrating information from a variety of different sources. AI often has impact in many areas so it is vital to compile and analyze data from several domains so that its full impact can be evaluated.

Technical standards represent a way for skilled professionals to agree on common specifications that guide product development. Rather than having each organization develop its own technology safeguards, which could lead to idiosyncratic or inconsistent designs, there can be common solutions to well-known problems of safety and privacy protection. Once academic and industry experts agree on technical standards, it becomes easy to design products around those standards and safeguard common values.

An area that would benefit from having technical standards is fairness and equity. One of the complications of many AI algorithms is the difficulty of measuring fairness. As an illustration, fair housing laws prohibit financial officials from making loan decisions based on race, gender, and marital status in their assessments.

One of the complications of many AI algorithms is the difficulty of measuring fairness.

Yet AI designers either inadvertently or intentionally can find proxies that approximate these characteristics and therefore allow the incorporation of information about protected categories without the explicit use of demographic background.18

AI experts need technical standards that guard against unfair outcomes and proxy factors that allow back-door consideration of protected characteristics. It does not help to have AI applications that indirectly enable discrimination by identifying qualities associated with race or gender and incorporating them in algorithmic decisions. Making sure this does not happen should be a high priority for system designers.

Pilot projects and organizational sandboxes represent ways for agency personnel to experiment with AI deployments without great risk or subjecting large numbers of people to possible harm. Small scale projects that can be scaled up when preliminary tests go well protect AI designers from catastrophic failures while still offering opportunities to deploy the latest algorithms.

Federal agencies typically go through several review stages before launching pilot projects. According to Dillon Reisman and colleagues at AI Now, there are pre-acquisition reviews, initial agency disclosures, comment periods, and due process challenges periods. Throughout these reviews, there should be regular public notices so vendors know the status of the project. In addition, there should be careful attention to due process and disparate analysis impact.

As part of experimentation, there needs to be rigorous assessment. Reisman recommends opportunities for researchers and auditors to review systems once they are deployed.19 By building assessment into design and deployment, it maximizes the chance to mitigate harms before they reach a wide scale.

The key to successful AI operationalization is a well-trained workforce where people have a mix of technical and nontechnical skills. AI impact can range so broadly that agencies require lawyers, social scientists, policy experts, ethicists, and system designers in order to assess all its ramifications. No single type of expertise will be sufficient for the operationalization of responsible AI.

For that reason, agency executives need to provide funded options for professional development so that employees gain the skills required for emerging technologies.20 As noted in my previous work, there are professional development opportunities through four-year colleges and universities, community colleges, private sector training, certificate programs, and online courses, and each plays a valuable role in workforce development.21

Federal agencies should take these responsibilities seriously because it will be hard for them to innovate and advance unless they have a workforce whose training is commensurate with technology innovation and agency mission. Employees have to stay abreast of important developments and learn how to implement technological applications in their particular divisions.

Technology is an area where breadth of expertise is as important as depth. We are used to allowing technical people to make most of the major decisions in regard to computer software. Yet with AI, it is important to have access to a diverse set of skills, including those of a non-technical nature. A Data and Society article recommended that it is crucial to invite a broad and diverse range of participants into a consensus-based process for arranging its constitutive components. 22 Without access to individuals with societal and ethical expertise, it will be impossible to implement responsible AI.

Thanks to James Seddon for his outstanding research assistance on this project.

The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit organization devoted to independent research and policy solutions. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars.

Microsoft provides support to The Brookings InstitutionsArtificial Intelligence and Emerging Technology (AIET) Initiative. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions in this report are not influenced by any donation. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment.

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MIT AI Hardware Program Launches to Bolster Innovation in Next-Gen AI Hardware – HPCwire

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March 30, 2022 The MIT AI Hardware Programis a new academia and industry collaboration aimed at defining and developing translational technologies in hardware and software for the AI and quantum age. A collaboration between the MIT School of Engineering and MIT Schwarzman College of Computing, involving the Microsystems Technologies Laboratories and programs and units in the college, the cross-disciplinary effort aims to innovate technologies that will deliver enhanced energy efficiency systems for cloud and edge computing.

A sharp focus on AI hardware manufacturing, research, and design is critical to meet the demands of the worlds evolving devices, architectures, and systems, says Anantha Chandrakasan, dean of the MIT School of Engineering and Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Knowledge-sharing between industry and academia is imperative to the future of high-performance computing.

Based on use-inspired research involving materials, devices, circuits, algorithms, and software, the MIT AI Hardware Program convenes researchers from MIT and industry to facilitate the transition of fundamental knowledge to real-world technological solutions. The program spans materials and devices, as well as architecture and algorithms enabling energy-efficient and sustainable high-performance computing.

As AI systems become more sophisticated, new solutions are sorely needed to enable more advanced applications and deliver greater performance, says Daniel Huttenlocher, dean of the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing and Henry Ellis Warren Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Our aim is to devise real-world technological solutions and lead the development of technologies for AI in hardware and software.

The inaugural members of the program are companies from a wide range of industries including chip-making, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, AI and computing services, and information systems R&D organizations. The companies represent a diverse ecosystem, both nationally and internationally, and will work with MIT faculty and students to help shape a vibrant future for our planet through cutting-edge AI hardware research.

The five inaugural members of the MIT AI Hardware Program are:

The MIT AI Hardware Program will create a roadmap of transformative AI hardware technologies. Leveraging MIT.nano, the most advanced university nanofabrication facility anywhere, the program will foster a unique environment for AI hardware research.

We are all in awe at the seemingly superhuman capabilities of todays AI systems. But this comes at a rapidly increasing and unsustainable energy cost, says Jess del Alamo, the Donner Professor in MITs Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Continued progress in AI will require new and vastly more energy-efficient systems. This, in turn, will demand innovations across the entire abstraction stack, from materials and devices to systems and software. The program is in a unique position to contribute to this quest.

The program will prioritize the following topics:

We live in an era where paradigm-shifting discoveries in hardware, systems communications, and computing have become mandatory to find sustainable solutions solutions that we are proud to give to the world and generations to come, says Aude Oliva, senior research scientist in the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and director of strategic industry engagement in the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing.

The new program is co-led by Jess del Alamo and Aude Oliva, and Anantha Chandrakasan serves as chair.

Source: MIT News

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Liquid Cooling Is The Next Key To Future AI Growth – The Next Platform

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Paid Feature Over the last several years, the limiting factors to large-scale AI/ML were first hardware capabilities, followed by the scalability of complex software frameworks. The final hurdle is less obvious, but if not overcome could limit what is possible in both compute and algorithmic realms.

This final limitation has less to do with the components of computation and everything to do with cooling those processors, accelerators, and memory devices. The reason why this is not more widely discussed is because datacenters already have ample cooling capabilities, most often with air conditioning units and the standard cold-aisle, hot aisle implementation.

Currently, it is still perfectly possible to manage with air cooled server racks. In fact, for general enterprise applications that require one or two CPUs, this is an acceptable norm. However, for AI training in particular, and its reliance on GPUs, the continued growth of AI capabilities means a complete rethink in how systems are cooled.

Apart from the largest supercomputing sites, the world has never seen the kind of ultra-dense AI-specific compute packed into a single node. Instead of two CPUs, AI training systems have a minimum of two high-end CPUs with an additional four to eight GPUs. The power consumption goes from 500 watts to 700 watts for a general enterprise-class server to between 2,500 watts and 4,500 watts for a single AI training node.

Imagine the heat generated from that compute horsepower then visualize an air conditioning unit trying to cool it with mere chilled air. One thing that becomes clear with that kind of per-rack density of compute and heat is that there is no way to blow enough air to sufficiently cool some of the most expensive, high performance server gear on the planet. This leads to throttling the compute elements or, in extreme cases, shutdowns.

This brings us to another factor: server rack density. With datacenter real estate demand at an all-time high, the need to maximize densities is driving new server innovations but the cooling can only keep up by leaving gaps in the racks (where more systems could reside) to let air try to keep up. Under these conditions, air cooling is insufficient to the task, and it also leads to less compute out of each rack and therefore more waste in server room space.

For normal enterprise systems with single-core jobs on two-CPU servers, the problems might not compound quite as quickly. But for dense AI training clusters, an enormous amount of energy is needed to bring cold air in, capture the heat on the back end, and bring it back to a reasonable temperature. This consumption goes well beyond what is needed to power the systems themselves.

With liquid cooling, you remove the heat far more efficiently. As Noam Rosen, EMEA Director for HPC & AI at Lenovo, explains, when you use warm, room temperature water, to remove heat to cool components, you do not need to cool anything; you dont invest energy to reduce water temperature. This becomes a very big deal as you get the node counts of the national lab and datacenters that do large-scale AI training.

Rosen points to quantitative details to compare general enterprise rack-level power needs versus those demanded by AI training via a lifecycle assessment on the training of several common large AI models. They examined the model training process for natural-language processing (NLP) and found that the NLP training process can emit hundreds of tons of carbon equivalent to nearly five times the lifetime emissions of an average car.

When training a new model from scratch or adopting a model to a new data set, the process emits even greater carbon due to the duration and computational power required to tune an existing model. As a result, researchers recommend industries and businesses to make a concerted effort to use more efficient hardware that requires less energy to operate.

Rosen puts warm water cooling in stark context by highlighting what one of Lenovos Neptune family of liquid cooled servers can do over the traditional air route. Today it is possible to take a rack and populate it with more than one hundred Nvidia A100 GPUs all in a single rack. The only way to do that is with warm water cooling. That same density would be impossible in an air-cooled rack because of all the empty slots to let the air cool components and even then, it likely could not address the heat from that many GPUs.

Depending on the server configuration, cooling by warm water can remove 85 percent to 95 percent of the heat. With allowable inlet temperatures for the water being as high as 45C, in many cases, energy-hungry chillers are not required, meaning even greater savings, lower total cost of ownership and less carbon emission, Rosen explains.

For customers who cannot, for whatever reason, add plumbing to their datacenter, Lenovo offers a system that features a completely enclosed liquid cooling loop that augments traditional air cooling. It affords customers the benefits of liquid cooling without having to add plumbing.

At this point in AI training with ultra-high densities and an ever-growing appetite for more compute to power future AI/ML among some of the largest datacenter operators on the planet, the only path is liquid and thats just from a datacenter and compute perspective. For companies doing AI training at any scale, the larger motivation should be keeping carbon emissions in check. Luckily, with efficient liquid cooling, emissions stay in check, electricity costs are slashed, densities can be achieved, and with good models, AI/ML can continue changing the world.

Sponsored by Lenovo.

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