Monthly Archives: February 2022

Africas Oldest DNA Is Helping Address Sciences Racial Bias – WIRED

Posted: February 24, 2022 at 1:50 am

Human history is written in DNA. Where our ancestors lived and who they lovedthe story is right there if we can see into their genes. The trouble is that the ravages of climate and time degrade DNA, making its secrets harder and harder to detect. Gradually, however, scientists have begun to peer back through time by sequencing ancient DNA. In 2016, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology pieced together DNA from a skeleton found in a cave in northern Spain. The human ancestor it was from lived more than 430,000 years ago.

Other ancient DNA discoveries have filled in our knowledge of humanitys distant past. A Siberian cave yielded up a bone that DNA analysis revealed belonged to a woman from 90,000 years ago who was half Neanderthal and half Denisovan. Another skeleton from the same cave gave us Neanderthal DNA from 120,000 years ago. But all of this DNA has something in common: Almost all of it comes from Europe and Asia. The oldest DNA from sub-Saharan Africathe place where the whole human story begandates back to less than 10,000 years ago.

Now a new discovery of the oldest African DNA is pushing back against this bias, and in the process revealing how our ancestors lived and moved around the continent tens of thousands of years ago. The findings add further evidence to the idea that, at some point around 20,000 years ago, some people in Africa started to come together in larger, more settled populations. Evidence of beads and pigments from burial sites suggests that something changed in Africa 20,000 years ago that made these societies more closely resemble those of today. Now DNA evidence suggests that it may have had to do with these ancient movement patterns. Weve never had any actual genetic evidence for that until this time because weve never had any skeletons, says Jessica Thompson, an anthropologist at Yale University and coauthor on this new study.

The big problem facing archaeologists is that ancient DNA does not survive for long in tropical environments. Heat and humidity break it down, making it extremely difficult to extract from bones. Thats one reason the best-preserved ancient genomes that scientists have been able to access tend to come from cold, dry environmentsoften in caves that are shielded from the weather. For this study, Thompson and her colleagues had to work with extremely small fragments of bonein one case the DNA came from a single finger bone from an infant. The oldest DNA they managed to recover from African bones dated to between 17,000 and 20,000 years ago, although in this case there was so little bone available that the researchers had to estimate the date from ostrich egg artifacts found in the burial site.

Thompson and her colleagues analyzed the DNA of 34 individualssix of them for the first timewho lived in Africa between 500 and 20,000 years ago. By analyzing specific regions in these genomes, they were able to model how ancient populations may have moved around between 50,000 and 20,000 years ago. These findings will help tell the history of people in south-central Africa, says Maggie Katongo, an assistant keeper of archaeology at Livingstone Museum in Zambia, graduate student at Rice University, and one of the studys coauthors. This kind of research gives us information that can be used to tell the story of these past communities that might have lived around different parts of Zambia, she says.

The researchers compared the ancient African DNA with samples from people living in present-day Africa to get an idea of how much genetic variation there is between people living in different places and times. The ancient DNA from south-central and eastern Africa revealed that these people had ancestors who came from three different parts of the continent: Central Africa, southern Africa, and eastern Africa. It shows that there was a lot of long-distance movement and mixture and that eastern Africa, in particular, is a really important hub, says Thompson.

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Africas Oldest DNA Is Helping Address Sciences Racial Bias - WIRED

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DNA leads to conviction in 1980 murder of Anaheim woman – Los Angeles Times

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Viola Hagenkord was 79 and lived alone in her small Anaheim apartment. She was known to prop open her front door with a Campbells soup can in the evenings, a habit that made some neighbors worry for her. On Feb. 18, 1980, she was found slain in her bed, asphyxiated with a gag made from a torn pillowcase. She had been raped.

In one of Anaheims oldest cold-case murder prosecutions, an Orange County Superior Court jury on Tuesday convicted a former long-haul trucker, Andre Lepere, of her murder. Lepere, 64, had been living in retirement in Alamogordo, N.M., when he was arrested last year, linked to the crime by evolving DNA technology.

After a two-week trial, the jury began deliberations Friday and resumed Tuesday morning, announcing midmorning it had reached a verdict. Convicted of murder with the special circumstance of rape, Lepere faces an automatic life term when he is sentenced May 13 by Superior Court Judge Gregg Prickett.

At the time of the attack, Lepere was 22, a heavy beer drinker who had lasted only a year in the Army before misbehavior including an alcohol-related car crash prompted his discharge. He was estranged from his first wife, who had once filed a restraining order against him.

Now and then, Lepere stayed on his sister Denises couch at the Pebble Cove Apartments in Anaheim.

An undated photo of Viola Hagenkord.

(Anaheim Police Department)

Hagenkord lived a few doors away, in a ground-floor apartment. A local high school girl called her Grandma and brought her cookies and described her as very sweet. Hagenkord had worked at a department store in Milwaukee and moved to Southern California in the late 1970s hoping to get away from crime.

Confronted with the DNA results in court, Lepere did not dispute that it was his semen found in Hagenkords body, but he denied raping or killing her. Testifying in his own defense, his thinning hair tied into a ponytail with a rubber band, he said that he and Hagenkord twice had casual, consensual sex, and that she was alive when he left her.

I was 22, Lepere said. I had lots of women that used to take a shine to me.

Prosecutor Christopher Alex ridiculed Leperes ridiculous claim that another man raped and killed Hagenkord on the same day and in the same bed that Lepere admitted having sex with her, the phantom culprit leaving no detectable semen of his own. This amounted to the most incredible string of coincidences that could ever befall an innocent man, Alex said.

Lepere, who had worked as a trucker, plumber and mason, said he was shocked to learn of her murder but decided not to approach police because he didnt know anything.

The case was cold for decades until Anaheim detectives asked the Orange County crime lab to reexamine the evidence using modern DNA methods in 2020.

The lab developed a DNA profile that was eventually linked to Lepere, whose DNA had not been in law enforcement databases, through genetic genealogy methods.

He escaped detection for 40 years, Alex told jurors. Were it not for DNA, he would have escaped forever.

Alex portrayed Leperes account as absurd and self-serving, at odds with common sense and what was known of the victims character. According to her granddaughter, Hagenkord had divorced a husband in 1928 and had shown no interest in men afterward.

She never dated after that at all, the granddaughter, Janet Black, testified. She was done.

Alex said Leperes account of being seduced by the victim was like something out of a stupid fake letter to Penthouse.

During the trial, defense attorney Lee Stonum argued that in the 42 years since this crime, Mr. Lepere has lived a normal, hardworking life full of love, adding: It just doesnt fit with the kind of person who would do this.

Stonum said that Lepere became a jackass when he drank, but that didnt make him a killer. He pointed to character witnesses, including the girlfriend living with Lepere at the time of his arrest last year, who did not think he was capable of the crime.

Stonum said there was unidentified male DNA on the pillowcase gag, which a crime lab analyst testified did not belong to Lepere.

Alex told jurors that the unidentified DNA could have appeared on the pillowcase in a number of ways when Hagenkord took it to the laundry, or when someone touched it while processing the evidence in 1980, when crime scene protocols were less stringent.

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Women found they switched at birth 57 years ago via DNA test: lawsuit – Insider

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Two women born at the same Oklahoma City hospital 57 years ago say they were switched at birth, and they're suing a hospital for the mixup they say has upended their lives, the Daily Beast reported.

The discovery resulted from a DNA test kit and some online searching by one of the women's daughters.

It's unclear how often babies are accidentally switched at birth, but the advent of DNA test kits has led more and more families to face uncomfortable truths about who they really are.

Tina Ennis and her daughter used an Ancestry.com test kit in 2019 hoping to learn more about Ennis's estranged maternal grandfather.

But the test didn't connect the pair with anyone in their family, and instead said they had a lot of relatives with the last name Brister. Ennis's mom, Kathryn Jones, had never heard of the Bristers.

When Jones took a test, it also found no connection to her daughter.

Ennis's daughter then dug around online, finding a woman born the same day as Ennis. The woman, Jill Lopez, looked like Jones and had deceased parents with the last name Brister. When Jones saw Lopez's photo, she said she was "devastated."

"The first thing she thought was, 'Where was I when that was taken?' and 'I don't remember those clothes,' because she actually looked just like me," Jones told the Daily Beast.

Ennis then also took an Ancestry.com test, which linked Lopez to Jones. "My heart just sank," Ennis told the Daily Beast, "because I was just like, 'This is for real.'" Before then, Ennis said, "I never felt like I didn't belong."

Ennis, Jones, and Lopez are suing Duncan Regional Hospital, which took over liability for the hospital where Ennis and Lopez were born after it merged with other hospitals in 1975, their lawyers say. The lawsuit claimsrecklessness and negligent infliction of emotional distress, according to the Daily Beast.

The hospital has denied the allegations, saying it's not the same place where the mixup allegedly occurred. A judge denied the hospital's request to dismiss the suit on those grounds last month. The doctors involved in Ennis and Lopez's delivery have since died.

"I just had to get my emotions straight for a while, because it's a whole lot to get your mind around," Lopez told the Daily Beast. "Like, you had a mom and I had a mom, and now I have a different mom."

In recent years, DNA test kits have led to hundreds of lawsuits, many of which involve mixups and misconduct with genetic materials among couples undergoing fertility treatments.

In2019, a New York City couplesued Los Angeles-based CHA Fertility Center after they learned they had carried two other couples' boys to term. In 2021, a LA couple sued their fertility clinicafter an embryo mixup led them to get pregnant with another couple's child while that couple got pregnant with and began raising theirs.

And earlier this month, a couple sued their fertility clinic when their 29-year-old daughter discovered she wasn't genetically related to her dad after using a home DNA kit. The lawsuit alleges the hospital used another man's sperm in the couple's fertility treatment.

"So many other families have gone through the same kind of unimaginable circumstances and have been forced to put the pieces of their lives back together," the daughter, Jessica Harvey Galloway, said in a press conference. "This has to stop."

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Women found they switched at birth 57 years ago via DNA test: lawsuit - Insider

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DNA leads to arrest in grisly 1994 murder of woman, her 3-year-old son in Seattle suburb – KIRO Seattle

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RENTON, Wash. A violent career criminal already serving time for murder in a California prison was charged late last week in the 27-year-old cold case murders of a Seattle-area woman and her toddler son.

The bodies of Stacy Falcon-Dewey, 23, and Jacob Jake Dewey, 3, of Kent, were found early Oct. 28, 1994, lying in a deserted Renton roadway next to Falcon-Deweys Buick. Both had been fatally shot, KIRO 7 in Seattle reported.

According to King County prosecutors, DNA testing on semen found on Falcon-Deweys body shows the fluid belongs to Jerome Frank Jones, 51, who is in Californias Kern Valley State Prison. Jones was convicted in the 1995 murder of Gregory Hebdon, 30, of Irvine, California.

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Hebdon was shot in broad daylight March 31, 1995, in an alley behind his townhome, the Los Angeles Times reported. His wife, who heard the shots, found him lying near death next to his Toyota Land Cruiser. Hebdon, a businessman, died a short time later at a hospital.

In the Renton case, Jones is accused of accosting Falcon-Dewey sometime after she picked her son up from a babysitter, who lived in the same Kent apartment complex as Jones.

The defendant bound Stacy Falcon-Dewey, beat her, orally raped her and likely shot her child to death in front of her before killing her, King County charging documents state. The extraordinary violence and cruelty of these murders demonstrates the extreme danger he presents to society.

Read Jerome Jones charging documents below.

The DNA testing determined Jones was the source of the semen in 2002, but no arrest was made at that time. Falcon-Deweys mother, Vianne Falcon, wrote on a fundraising page in 2019 that she had just learned of the DNA match more than 17 years after the fact.

Court documents do not say why no charges were ever filed against Jones. Falcon, who said she learned of the genetic match only after a local reporter began digging into the case, was seeking financial help to find an attorney to force the prosecutors hand.

Jones will be eligible for parole in California in 2030, according to prison records. If he is convicted of the murder charges in King County, however, he faces life in prison without the possibility of parole.

According to contemporary news accounts, Falcon-Dewey had left Jake with the sitter the night of Oct. 27 for a belated celebration of her birthday. She went to the Kenton Ridge Apartments to pick up her son sometime between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. the next day, court records indicate.

Though they left the babysitters home all right, she and Jake never arrived at her apartment a short distance away.

Around 3:30 a.m. that day, a Seattle Times newspaper carrier called 911 to report discovering a body lying in the road on S. 55th Street in Renton, a dead-end road about 3 miles from babysitters apartment complex.

It was Falcon-Dewey. Lying on top of her was her young son.

Stacy was lying on her right side, reads an affidavit written by Renton police Det. Tracie Jarratt. Jacob was lying on his mothers legs, on his left side. Both had obvious gunshot wounds.

Both she and Jake had been shot in the head. Falcon-Dewey also had gunshot wounds to her arm and shoulder, one of which authorities determined struck her after it went through her sons small body.

In addition, Falcon-Dewey had blunt force trauma to her head, bruising and linear abrasions to her neck, the affidavit states.

Evidence collected and documented from the scene suggests that a struggle occurred both inside and outside of the vehicle and that the killer may have been looking for something, Jarratt wrote.

Double homicide: An August 2011 Street View image shows the dead-end street in Renton, Wash., where Stacy Falcon-Dewey, 23, and her 3-year-old son, Jacob Dewey, were found slain next to their car in October 1994. More than 27 years later, authorities have charged convicted killer Jerome Frank Jones, 51, with the crime. (Google)

The contents of Falcon-Deweys purse were strewn about the vehicle, including her wallet. The cars keys were later found in the space between the drivers seat and the door, where they apparently fell and could not be seen.

In the Buick were circular sections of brown packing tape that indicated they had been used as binding for Falcon-Deweys hands and feet. Falcon-Deweys belt was unbuckled, and buttons had been ripped from her shirt.

Swabs and fingernail clippings taken from Falcon-Deweys body at autopsy and tested for DNA in 2001 indicated the presence of semen in the victims throat and on her hand at the time of her death.

According to Jarratt, authorities learned after the 2002 DNA match that Jones was already behind bars in connection with Hebdons California slaying. Detectives flew south and visited Jones at the Salinas Valley State Prison.

Jones admitted that he had lived in the Kent-Auburn area in 1994 and 1995.

Double homicide: Jerome Frank Jones, pictured in a 1995 booking photo, was charged Feb. 15, 2022, with two counts of aggravated murder in the October 1994 deaths of Stacy Falcon-Dewey, 23, and her 3-year-old son, Jacob Dewey, in Renton, Wash. Jones, now 51, is already serving time in Californias Kern Valley State Prison for the 1995 murder of an Irvine businessman. (King County Sheriff's Office via KIRO 7)

When shown a picture of Stacy Falcon, Jones said that he did not know her, the affidavit states. Jones was asked this question several times and he said he was positive that he had never met her and did not know her.

The manager of the Kenton Ridge Apartments confirmed that Jones had lived there from 1993 to 1994. The records also showed that Falcon-Dewey lived at the same complex in 1994, moving elsewhere just months before she was murdered.

Detectives could not find a link other than the DNA results, however. None of her friends recognized Jones as someone she was seen with the night of her birthday celebration.

The clerk at a convenience store Falcon-Dewey visited around 1:20 a.m. the morning of the murders reported seeing her with an unidentified white man.

Jones is Black.

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In addition, no one who saw Falcon-Dewey leave the babysitters home with her son saw Jones or anyone else with her at that time.

According to court documents, a number of other pieces of physical evidence were recently submitted to the crime lab for additional testing. In December, cold case detectives learned that semen had been found on the sleeve of Jake Deweys jacket.

The DNA matched that of Jones.

A subsequent DNA sample taken from Jones in prison confirmed the match.

Court records show that it was five months after Falcon-Dewey and Jake were slain that Jones and an accomplice shot and killed Hebdon more than 1,000 miles away in Irvine. Following the shooting, he fled back to Seattle, where he was arrested on a first-degree murder charge.

While in the King County Jail, he assaulted a corrections officer, for which he was convicted in 1996. The judge sentenced him well above the standard range in that case.

The sentencing court found that the defendant committed this assault with deliberate cruelty, delivering multiple, gratuitous blows to (the victim), even after the officer had fallen to the floor, court documents state.

Sentencing paperwork in the Hebdon case indicated that Jones also had a previous conviction for shooting a victim in the back during a 1987 robbery. While in prison, he has been convicted of additional felony assaults, as well as felony possession of a weapon, prosecutors say.

Given the defendants conduct in this case, his conviction for yet another murder and his numerous additional convictions for violence, no bail is justified in this matter, reads the request that Jones be held without bond.

Prosecutors went on to state that Jones clearly presents a substantial likelihood of danger to the entire community.

Once he is extradited to King County, Jones will be held without bail pending trial in the double murder of Falcon-Dewey and her son.

2022 Cox Media Group

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DNA leads to arrest in grisly 1994 murder of woman, her 3-year-old son in Seattle suburb - KIRO Seattle

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DNA Labs International is the first accredited lab to use the ForenSeq Kintelligence System to aid in the identification of unidentified remains -…

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DEERFIELD BECH, Fla., Feb. 23, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Unidentified remains from a cold case with the Oregon State Police has officially been confirmed as Kenneth W. Heasley, thanks in part to DNA Labs International's newest forensic genetic genealogy (FGG) technology, the ForenSeq Kintelligence Kit.

In 1998, Kenneth W. Heasley and Gary A. Gelsinger were out fishing when a witness reportedly saw their boat capsize and go out to sea. Gelsinger's remains washed ashore a month later with his identification card in his pocket, but Heasley's remains were not found or identified, until now.

In 2020, DNA Labs International received a molar from the Oregon State Police Medical Examiner's Office. Scientists were able to obtain a small amount of DNA using a demineralization coupled with organic extraction. The quantity of DNA was not suitable for array-based testing. In 2022, targeted sequencing with the ForenSeq Kintelligence Kit was employed to produce a profile for genealogy research. The profile was uploaded into GEDmatch PRO and returned potential matches used to build out the family tree. The unidentified remains were determined to likely be Heasley, and STR testing of a buccal swab from a relative confirmed the molar was indeed Heasley's.

"DNA Labs International was integral in the resolution of this cold case; the Oregon State Police is honored to have worked with them closely to finally bring answers to the question of identity for this individual," said Dr. Nici Vance, State Forensic Anthropologist & Human Identification Program Coordinator at Oregon State Police Forensic Science and Pathology Bureau. "Basic dignity begins with having a name, and DNA Labs International provided that name and gave this family a chance to begin the healing process they had begun in 1998, when Mr. Heasley did not come home from his fishing trip."

ForenSeq Kintelligence is the first targeted sequencing kit for FGG that is optimized for forensic samples and to maintain genetic privacy. "Our intent with ForenSeq Kintelligence and GEDmatch PRO was to demonstrate that democratizing access to FGG does not have to come at the expense of genetic privacy or be cost prohibitive," said Brett Williams, Chief Executive Officer at Verogen. "This identification by DLI, the first accredited laboratory to use ForenSeq Kintelligence, provides a blueprint for how operational forensic laboratories can responsibly adopt FGG in alignment with stringent forensic quality standards to improve outcomes for their missing persons programs."

About DNA Labs International:

Since 2004, DNA Labs International has been providing clients with exceptional quality service based on open communications, equal attention to the importance of every case, and accurate and reliable results every time. They provide the latest technology available to solve cases, such as Forensic Genetic Genealogy, SpentShell, for fired cartridge casings, the M-VAC, a wet vacuum DNA collection tool, and STRmix, a software program that can solve previously inconclusive DNA results. DNA Labs International is accredited by ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB), the country's longest established provider of ISO 17025 accreditation to Forensic Sciences testing laboratories in the U.S.

Media Contact

Jessica Arenson, DNA Labs International, 1 9544265163, Jessica@DNALabsinternational.com

SOURCE DNA Labs International

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‘In the land of milk and honey’ It’s springtime for AIPAC and Democrats in Israel – Mondoweiss

Posted: at 1:48 am

I keep writing the obit for AIPAC as the sputtering warhorse of the Israel lobby not so fast. Today the leading pro-Israel organization is boasting that it brought more than 40 Congresspeople to Israel, a reported 27 Republicans and 14 Democrats, to celebrate the importance of the special relationship between the countries. One of the largest delegations ever to visit Israel, says one congressman. The land of milk and honey, says leading Democrat Hakeem Jeffries.

Some of the Democrats even met with disgraced rightwing leader Benjamin Netanyahu, Netanyahu boasts. So all our liberal political values go out the window when Israel comes in the door. It appears that almost all the Republicans met separately with Netanyahu and were thrilled to do so.

The two delegations had separate gatherings with Israeli Foreign Minister Yair Lapid. The Democrats look joyful on the same day that Lapid is trashing the Iran deal our country is trying to reenter and warning that Israel will take action, using its army and intelligence service. Some friend

The Republican and Democratic trips got together in bipartisan harmony at Yad Vashem, the Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem, minority leader Kevin McCarthy side by side with majority leader Steny Hoyer. The trips were sponsored by AIPACs American Israel Education Foundation.

This is not to mention the eight Dems who went to Israel last week on a Nancy Pelosi junket.

The lobby has expressed concern about the Squad, young progressive urban members of color, who are critical of Israel. Here it answers with a video by Jeffries of Brooklyn, the chair of the House Democratic Caucus, with fellow New York congressmen Ritchie Torres and Adriano Espaillat. We got Brooklyn, uptown [Manhattan] and the Boogie Down [the Bronx], here in the land of milk and honey, Jeffries gushed. Its so wonderful to express our support for the special relationship between the United States and Israel, which we will continue to dedicate our service to making sure is as strong as ever. (Recall that Jeffries said during an Israeli onslaught on Gaza in 2014 that killed more than 500 children Israel today, Israel tomorrow, Israel forever.)

Ritchie Torres offered AIPAC his own video promotion for tourism to Israel and said hed been to an illegal Israeli settlement, the City of David, in East Jerusalem (continuing the legacy of Trumps religious-Zionist ambassador to Israel, David Friedman). Torres seems to savor his role as lead advocate for Israel among Democrats:

Look, theres no country that is the target of more disinformation than Israel. And so its more urgent than ever for people to come to the state of Israel, see the reality on the ground with your own eyes, and come to your own conclusions

Torres said he had walked on the pilgrimage road leading up to the Temple Mount, and that was a blessing. He did not mention the fact that the Temple Mount is the Haram al-Sharif to Muslims, the site of sacred events in their tradition.

Debbie Wasserman Schultz of Florida also tweeted a spiritual/political message to AIPAC: about praying at the Western Wall, visiting a Christian holy place, and meeting with the rightwing Defense Minister Benny Gantz:

Talking w/ Def. Min. @gantzbe, visiting the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, to leave a prayer at the Western wall for my mom and peace, reaffirms how vital this ally is to America. @AIPAC

Gantz is also working against the Iran deal. He lately moved to ban six leading Palestinian human rights and civil society groups as terrorist a fascistic move that has met with no meaningful protest from Democrats. Gantz yesterday bragged about his meeting with Democrats at the King David Hotel. Among them were Dem leaders Steny Hoyer and Hakeem Jeffries, as well as Florida Israel lobby stalwarts Debbie Wasserman Schultz and Ted Deutch (AIPAC reports). That meeting surely included reference to the supposed threats posed by Palestinian human rights groups or as Gantz put it, the strategic and operational challenges that Israel must be prepared to face including the importance of ensuring that Israel has the means to defend its citizens.

Deutch, by the way, accused fellow Dem Rashida Tlaib of antisemitism on the House floor last September when Tlaib dared to quote from Human Rights Watch report labeling Israel an apartheid state.

Democratic Congresswoman Kathy Manning of North Carolina also gave a video to AIPAC celebrating Israels incredible new government. Though that government is just as rightwing as Netanyahus, albeit with a rightwing Arab party in its coalition, Manning was all praise:

Israel has an extraordinary broad coalition government unlike any its ever had before. Its important for us to be here to understand the complexity of this incredible new government and also to demonstrate the importance of the U.S.-Israel relationship.

(Manning is a former chair of the Jewish Federations, a Zionist organization.)

P.S. Floridas Ted Deutch double-dipped, he was on Nancy Pelosis trip last week and the AIPAC one too.

So where are the Palestinian voices in mainstream media?

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Ukraine crisis highlights West’s hypocrisy over Israeli land theft – The Electronic Intifada

Posted: at 1:48 am

Veterans of the extreme-right nationalist Azov Battalion, a unit of Ukraines national guard, hold a rally in the capital Kiev, 14 March 2020. Far-right and neo-Nazi organizations played a key role in the Western-backed overthrow of Ukraines president in 2014, leading to the current crisis.

Just a day after Moscow recognized the independence of Donetsk and Luhansk from Ukraine, the European Union came out swinging against what it characterized as Russian aggression.

It condemned Moscows move as illegal and unacceptable and vowed swift sanctions to target those who were involved in the illegal decision.

The measures will also hit banks that are financing Russian military and other operations in those territories and aim to thwart the ability of the Russian state and government to access the EUs capital and financial markets and services.

The US is also laying out sanctions in response to what Washington describes as a Russian invasion of the two eastern regions that have been under the control of pro-Russian separatists since 2014.

Germany, which is largely dependent on gas supplies from Russia, announced the suspension of plans to build the Nordstream 2 pipeline.

The crisis in Ukraine today can be traced to American sponsorship of the 2014 coup against the countrys elected pro-Russian president that brought far-right and even neo-Nazi Ukrainian nationalists to power.

Washingtons goal has been to bring Ukraine into the anti-Russia NATO military alliance something Moscow sees as an existential threat and is strongly opposed by many among Ukraines large ethnic Russian population.

Yet the sudden concern for international law regarding Ukraine is nowhere to be found when it comes to Israels illegal occupation and annexation of Palestinian and Syrian land, and its imposition of an apartheid regime on the entire Palestinian people a crime against humanity.

These Israeli crimes could of course not be perpetrated without American and European support or acquiescence.

When the Trump administration moved the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 2017, effectively recognizing Israels illegal annexation of the city, the EU rejected the move.

The EU also rejected the 2019 US recognition of Israels illegal annexation of Syrias occupied Golan Heights.

Ironically, one of the handful of countries ready to follow the US in recognizing Israels illegal annexation of Jerusalem is none other than the US and EU-backed government in Ukraine.

Indeed, Biden himself maintains an illegal US occupation of parts of Syria.

Under Trump, its explicit purpose was to plunder the countrys oil.

Yet the European Union, which has criticized both the US and Russia for their actions, has not imposed any sanctions on Washington for aiding and abetting Israels crimes.

That is hardly surprising. For decades, the European Union has acknowledged that Israels occupation, theft and annexation of Palestinian land is illegal, but instead of sanctioning it, Brussels rewards and encourages it.

For us as Palestinians, we see this discussion and we ask ourselves, where is this discussion when it comes to Palestine? Wesam Ahmad, of the Palestinian human rights group Al-Haq, said on Tuesday.

Ahmad was speaking during a webinar hosted by Finnish lawmaker Veronika Honkasalo, focusing on a bill she has introduced to ban trade in goods from occupied territories.

The occupation of Palestinian territory has been going on for a much longer period of time, Ahmad observed.

He said that the persistent lack of action in response to Israels violations of Palestinian rights and international law undermines the credibility of the rule of law being something that applies across the board.

Frustrated with the complicity, hypocrisy and unaccountability of their leaders, people across the continent are launching a European Citizens Initiative to force Brussels to close European markets to products and services from settlements in occupied territories, including Israeli colonies on Palestinian and Syrian land.

A European Citizens Initiative is a formal process that is meant to allow citizens to influence EU policy. It requires gathering the signatures of at least a million people from across the bloc.

This one has already passed the first hurdle of being formally registered by the European Commission, the EUs executive body.

That came after the Commission had refused to register a similar initiative in 2019, a decision that was overturned last year when organizers went to court.

Even though illegal settlements constitute a war crime under international law, the EU allows trade with them, said the European Legal Support Center, one of 100 organizations urging EU citizens to sign on to the initiative.

Human Rights Watch one of several major human rights groups that over the last year have concluded that Israel perpetrates the crime against humanity of apartheid is also backing the initiative.

Settlements unlawfully rob local populations of their land, resources and livelihoods, Bruno Stagno, chief advocacy officer at Human Rights Watch, stated. No country should be enabling the trade in goods produced as a result of land theft, displacement and discrimination.

Frances Black, an Irish senator who sponsored legislation in her country to ban trade in settlement goods, is also urging support for the initiative.

Meanwhile, the similar bill in Finland is coming up for its first vote on Friday. It has secured 35 sponsors out of Finlands 200 members of parliament.

If it passes, this would be only the first step towards becoming law.

More than 40 Palestinian human rights, political and cultural organizations have written to Finnish MPs. In a letter seen by The Electronic Intifada, they urge lawmakers to support the bill, calling it a crucial opportunity for Finland to lead by example on complying with relevant obligations under international human rights and international humanitarian law.

In September, the European Court of Justice annulled an EU trade deal with Morocco because it included Western Sahara without the consent of its people and their internationally recognized representatives, the Polisario Front.

During Tuesdays seminar hosted by Finnish MP Honkasalo, Salah Abdulahe Mohamed, an advocate for Sahrawi self-determination, charged that the EU continues to allow the import of goods plundered from Sahrawi territory such as sardines and tomatoes that are falsely labeled as products of Morocco.

The European Citizens Initiative that would stop trade with Israels settlements faces an enormous uphill battle. Of course, it would not even be necessary if EU governments really respected the norms they now accuse Russia of violating.

But time and again, international law proves not to be a yardstick against which all are measured, but a club used by the strong exclusively for their own advantage.

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UI campus, student population evolves over 175 years – UI The Daily Iowan

Posted: at 1:48 am

Iowa City looks vastly different from what it was when the University of Iowa was first established in 1847.

The steps of the Old Capitol used to run into vast greenery. No buildings existed near the site after its construction in 1840.

Nine days after construction started, architect John F. Rague resigned, and Chauncey Swan, a territorial government commissioner, finished overseeing the job. The building started with only four rooms, as it housed the Iowa Legislature for a few years and the entire university until 1863.

From there, the UI expanded in physical infrastructure, student population, and educational courses.

The entire campus was housed in the Old Capitol for six years, while the universitys South Hall was occupied and several buildings were beginning construction to build campus blending together Iowa City and the university campus on which we all now call the city home.

Its such a visible place in Iowa City, said Aiden Bettine, UI community and student life archivist, of the Old Capitol. You see a lot of the blur between campus and community, and the town and gown relationship, throughout time in that location.

Since the universitys founding, the Old Capitol, cut from Iowa River limestone, has been the center and heart of campus. The Pentacrest, however, looked very different when the inaugural Hawkeye class stepped onto campus.

Mary Bennett, special collections coordinator at the State Historical Society of Iowa and a former Hawkeye, said the red brick campus used to stand where the Pentacrest is now. The era featured tall buildings with chimneys instead of the four buildings that stand there today which were inspired by the Beaux-Arts Movement, she said.

There were all red buildings, kind of like Calvin Hall, she said. It wasnt until 1900 or 1901 that they started with Beaux-Arts, stone buildings that we know now. So, the look of the campus changed drastically after that.

The Pentacrest space housed the Old Capitol, the Medical Building, South Hall, the Second Observatory Building, the Dental Building, North Hall, and Science Hall from 1865 until 1894.

The major buildings on campus were all located on the east side of the Iowa River in the UIs early history, with the main campus sitting between Madison and Linn Streets.

The final Pentacrest building was built in 1924, when Jessup Hall was completed over a decade after MacLean Hall. The heart of the UI, however, was not done growing as higher education busied in Iowa with the creation of a competing public institution.

Timeline by Jami Martin-Trainor/The Daily Iowan

Iowa State University was founded 11 years after the UI. As a land grant institution, it provided new opportunities for Iowans who wanted to pursue higher education, said Allison Sheridan, curator for Iowa State Universitys University Museums.

The land grant provided land to the designee, so in our case the land was in northwest Iowa and the state sold that land to fund a [new] university, she said. It started as an agricultural college and the land grant pushed to make that a reality.

Because the land was designated and sold, students could begin at ISU without paying tuition, she said. Students were expected to do chores and work on campus in exchange for their education, she said. This took away from the UIs applicant pool in the 1800s.

Sheridan said that because the UI did not have designated lands and funds from the federal government like ISU did, the university began focusing its scope and investing more in certain programs.

The University of Iowa became highly focused, she said. It was like a division. If you wanted that practical, science education in engineering or agriculture, you would go to Iowa State. If you wanted arts, doctor, philosopher, or English, youd go to the University of Iowa.

RELATED: University of Iowa history, told through the head Hawks eyes

As higher education expanded in the state, the two campuses continued to look different. From the very start, faculty members and students lived on campus at ISU, Sheridan said.

The UIs first residence hall didnt open until Currier Hall was built in 1914, nearly 70 years after the institutions first classes.

Bennett said the two schools had different characters, with the UI often taking on a more cosmopolitan and political role, especially after World War I.

There was more student radicalism going on here [the UI], she said. Iowa State was originally more vocational, and more geared towards engineering and home economics. The UI was more of a traditional liberal-arts college with a focus on the humanities. They were, and are, two distinctive campuses.

A primary motivator behind her decision to attend the UI instead of ISU in the 1970s was that the former was more political and progressive at the time, Bennett said.

Regardless of the differences, Sheridan said the two universities found ways to succeed and grow together.

There were overlaps still are overlaps, she said. But weve got our lanes. And I think that was the perfect set up for success for all three universities we have now. Not many states can boast two big universities that are this successful, but no matter what you want to do, you can continue to find success within our state because of the focuses of the two.

As the UI expanded in the 1800s and early 1900s, the campus underwent many changes and huge renovations.

Although the university used a few buildings that were built before its doors opened to students, several buildings have been built and demolished to create the campus people see today.

The Dey House, which still stands by Currier Hall, was the first building built after the founding of the UI. It was commissioned in 1857.

South Hall was built in 1863, on the present-day grassy area between Schaeffer and MacLean halls. The building burned down in 1901.

Fifteen university buildings, including the Old Capitol, were built in the late 1800s. In addition to the Old Capitol, only two still stand: Old Brick Church and Calvin Hall which was originally on the Pentacrest. Seashore Hall is the most recent 1800s building to be demolished. The building was destroyed in May 2021.

Between 1900 and 1983, 74 buildings were built. The expansion of the university eventually bled into downtown Iowa City.

The Old Capitol Mall used to just be buildings and storefronts of local businesses, Bennett said. And now, the university just bought it [in 2022].

The university didnt expand into the western side of the Iowa River until the 1920s and 30s. Buildings continue to be built to accommodate growing areas of study and the larger number of university students.

At the beginning of the universitys tenure, student enrollment varied.

By 1856, 124 undergraduate students were enrolled. At this point, there were only three types of degrees the university could give to students. Students could earn degrees from the Preparatory Department, the Normal Department which would eventually become the College of Education and the College of Liberal Arts.

Twenty-five years later, the UI welcomed 729 students, including 169 graduate students. At this point, the university added three more degree programs and eradicated two departments for undergraduates from the original three.

While it still offered a language-arts degree, undergraduates could also learn about law, medicine, and homeopathic medicine. Those degrees were also expanded to graduate students.

By the turn of the 20th century, the undergraduate population had multiplied twelve-fold. In September 1900, the UI welcomed 1,542 undergraduates to Iowa City, as well as 352 graduate students.

Data visualization by Eleanor Hildebrandt/The Daily Iowan

In 1935, undergraduate student enrollment hit 10,000.

On the universitys 100th birthday, there were nine colleges with 15,634 people enrolled 59 percent of whom were men.

As the world reached Y2K, 26,956 students were enrolled in undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs at the UI.

The university celebrates 175 years of education this spring with 20,187 undergraduate students in nine colleges that arent the same as those in the 1950s. Currently, 6,141 graduate students are enrolled in 13 programs, and 1,866 professional students are enrolled in four programs.

The university is currently made up of more than 28,000 students, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.

That is 227 times the amount of people who originally walked into the Old Capitol for the first university classes in the state of Iowa.

Today, just over half of enrolled students are women. Nearly 60 percent of students are from Iowa.

Bennett said increased enrollment has changed how students interact with campus. When she received her bachelors degree in the 1970s, there were closer to 21,000 students at the UI.

As enrollment numbers continued to rise, so did the universitys expansion into downtown Iowa City, Bennett said. She added that North Liberty and Coralville also began to blossom as a result of the universitys increasing population.

You could walk places when the campus was smaller, she said. Coralville was virtually nothing back in those days. There were things out on Highway 6 back then, but it wasnt anything like the way it is now. I think Iowa City has lost some of its thunder in a way and has been superseded by Coralville and North Liberty.

Regardless of how its changed over the 50 years since Bennett arrived, Iowa City is still one of the most beautiful places shes been to, Bennett said.

Its a beautiful campus it always has been, she said. And Im proud to be an alum.

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Putin and the new global order | Sumantra Maitra – The Critic

Posted: at 1:48 am

JD Vance, Ohios senatorial candidate, and one of the most interesting new voices in the debate about American grand strategy and Ukraine threw a bomb yesterday online in an interview, where he said that he doesnt care about Ukraine one way or the other, and that it is ridiculous that America is focused on Ukraines border and sovereignty, and not Americas own borders with Mexico.

Great powers care more about their immediate neighbourhood

I think its ridiculous that we are focused on this border in Ukraine. I got to be honest with you, I dont really care what happens to Ukraine one way or the other Vance said in an interview, later adding, What explains both the Russia hawkishness and the dereliction of duty at the border is this: elites dont care if my neighbours die. Fentanyl coming across the border kills people I care about. Declaring the cartels a terrorist org would do more for them than a Ukraine war.

Vance isnt the only one. Tucker Carlson has been on the forefront of conservative realism, questioning the Ukraine debate. Recently there has been a flurry of conservative realism on Ukraine, one that harkens to an older pre-war Republican conservative tradition in the US.

Sohrab Ahmari wrote about the propaganda effort of Neo-Nazis in Ukraine with carefully placed photoshoots of older Ukrainian Gun Karens (to use the memorable phrase of Mary Harrington) targeted to appeal to liberal NGOcrats in the West. The reaction has been apoplectic. Bruno Maes, Portugals former EU-crat and consultant, said that the idea that one should care about the border with Mexico more than the border of Ukraine, is idiotic. Former State and National Security Council Russia hand Fiona Hill called Vance and Tucker the ultimate stooges. Noted intersectional feminist Bill Kristol asked what is wrong with MAGA-men.

Vance and Carlson are, needless to mention, closer to the average American. Its not just absurd but ahistorical and borderline delusional to claim, demand or expect great powers must and should care more about some faraway war somewhere in some faraway land, instead of their own immediate borders, especially when the northern border is facing extreme political polarisation and political violence and the southern border is a hub of human trafficking and drug cartels bordering an increasingly lawless northern Mexico.

Vance, Ahmari and Carlson can of course defend their own arguments, but for what its worth, not a single one of them said Russia is worth backing against Ukraine. They just dont want us to be involved as there are more important things to focus on. And thats a solid realist position.

The argument that Americans should care more about Ukraine than about Mexico also defies international relations theory and strategic logic. As Mike Sweeney wrote recently in the British Armed Forces blog Wavell Room, One does not need to be an advocate for spheres of influence, to acknowledge the reality on the ground in eastern Europe today. Russia simply has greater strategic interests in Ukraine and also more immediate military means to bring to bear on Ukrainian territory.

Put simply, spheres of influence is a fancy IR way of saying great powers care more about their immediate neighbourhood. It is also organic; spheres develop due to structural variables and interests, such as aggregate power and geography.

The reason America would worry about foreign missiles in Cuba is the same reason Russia is concerned about Ukraine, which was the same reason Royal Navys home fleets primary duty was to guard every single square inch of the grey waters in the English Channel, so much so that they essentially sacrificed Singapore and Australia when push came to shove during a world war.

His intention is to bring back an older way of statecraft,

Alternatively, the lack of interest in faraway lands is also truer to the realities of democratic politics. People dont go to war due to some deep interest in safeguarding norms and values. They are more likely to go to war when their way of life is threatened by a hovering menace of invasion. One might not like that, but it is reality.Refusing that logic is juvenile or ideological. The actors might change over time, the ideas might differ, the governing coalition and system might vary, but the iron rules of great power rivalry remain the same.

Incidentally, the part that was most important in Vladimir Putins speech was where he highlighted (albeit in his own cherry-picked way) the motivation behind Russian action:

Soviet Ukraine is the result of the Bolsheviks policy and can be rightfully called Vladimir Lenins Ukraine. He was its creator and architect. This is fully and comprehensively corroborated by archival documents, including Lenins harsh instructions regarding Donbass, which was actually shoved into Ukraine. And today the grateful progeny has overturned monuments to Lenin in Ukraine.

But then came the subtle but menacing threat. They call it decommunization. You want decommunization? Very well, this suits us just fine. But why stop halfway? We are ready to show what real decommunizations would mean for Ukraine. The implication, significance, and interpretations of these particular sentences deserve more study.

Consider for a moment a question; how many current political figures can go on an extempore rant about history, even if it is cherry-picked, and use that as a rhetorical justification for potentially the most consequential military action since the second world war?

The most common reaction to Putins speeches on social media was a throwback to calling him a Soviet apologist trying to recreate the former USSR. It couldnt be further from the truth. Only clinical midwits think Putin is a Sovok. Putin despises the USSR and communists. He is as imperial as they come and the only thing he could do to make him any more reactionary would be a ceremonial Romanov restoration.

His idea of political alignments is more Holy Alliance than Warsaw Pact. His intention is to bring back an older way of statecraft, that reflects aggregate power in a world where great powers decide and smaller states follow, instead of smaller states condescendingly lecturing and hectoring great powers to act against their interests.

Its a worldview fundamentally opposed to any collective voices, globalism and political equality. Which is why the progressive and liberal outrage against him, as they, more than the western conservatives, understand just how much Putin threatens their worldview and idea of historys progressive and egalitarian march.

One can hope that this might change the way international relations is studied, one that returns to a more classical approach, instead of the nonsensical theoretical frameworks that Putins war will prove wrong. Putins ordering of forces to cross the borders of Ukraine and a potential partition of Ukraine will take the borderlands to a former Habsburg-Romanov dividing lines.

Ukraine simply does not matter enough to the majority of people

The small states talking about norms in the UN where a P5 has veto powers will prove, once again, the importance of power and geography, and the irrelevance of values in the international anarchy. We have been in such a conceptual vacuum since the early nineties, that to understand how time can be turned back by sheer force in a pure Great Man Theory fashion, is too much for a lot of commentators to grasp.

Thats why conservatives who grew up in the unipolar era, are talking about defending norms, and progressives are livid that imperialism can just straightforwardly come back like this. Russia is turning into an empire not a liberal or communist one but rather a conservative and reactionary one, and thats not the ideological framework that a lot of people are used to.

However, given that the real world is different than liberal or progressive theories, the revealed preferences indicate that Ukraine simply does not matter enough to the majority of people in the West to deter Putins ambitions. The howls of outrage are therefore a loud and activist fringe with disproportionate power and platforms. That doesnt mean that they are not capable of significant sway, as most historical events are usually led by an activist fringe.

Everyone feels sympathy for Ukraine. But the conflict there does not threaten the way of Western lives. This is just the reality, noting that is honesty, and not being either pro or anti Putin, as the question is simply irrelevant.

In that light, the most notable thing is the quality of rhetoric on the American right-realist spectrum. At the risk of sounding pretentious, I recently wrote in these pages, that a grand-strategy of realism would need a counter-elite:

Advocates of a restrained foreign policy will face an uphill struggle even if they manage to form some redoubtsthey will constantly be undermined on all sides by an NGO-industrial complex thats busy writing its brand of evangelism as constituent code into the whole liberal international order, and there are many more establishments churning out nodding-dogs for such than there are for realists.

And therefore, the rhetoric of restraint needs to, therefore, reflect the target audience, that is the newly realigned working-class men of the American electorate, and that realists will need such ruthlessly honest and populist rhetoric to sell to those people who will form the backbone of this new movement, which will sometimes test the boundaries of electoral propriety. There will be a need for a vocal defence of nationalism, the national interest, and national borders.

Foreign policy realism, predicated on national interest, is of course a fundamentally narrow and reactionary worldview that is opposed to any utopian, revolutionary and crusading instinct of promoting universal values across the globe, with blood and treasure if necessary. Hans Morgenthau wrote:

Realism maintains that universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation, but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place. The individual may say for himself: Fiat justitia, pereat mundus (Let justice be done, even if the world perish), but the state has no right to say so in the name of those who are in its care. Both individual and state must judge political action by universal moral principles, such as that of liberty. Yet while the individual has a moral right to sacrifice himself in defense of such a moral principle, the state has no right to let its moral disapprobation of the infringement of liberty get in the way of successful political action, itself inspired by the moral principle of national survival.

Vance, Ahmari, and Carlson can therefore claim themselves to be on the right side of history and democracy (so to speak) as they are giving voice to the voiceless majority, who will defend their country when attacked but would otherwise prefer to be left alone.

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Greens ask P.E.I. to take fields where potato wart has been found out of production permanently – CBC.ca

Posted: at 1:48 am

The Official Opposition is calling on the province to take thefields where potato wart has been found on P.E.I. out of potato production permanently.

Peter Bevan-Baker says the move would help contain any future spread of the fungus and reassure buyers of Island potatoes.

The Green Party leader made the comment in the legislature Tuesday, three months after the CFIA imposed a ban on exporting P.E.I. table-stock potatoes to the United States over the wart issue.

"This province has absolute jurisdiction over land use," Bevan-Baker said. "We can choose to take those fields out of production obviously compensate the farmers appropriately. "

Currently, fields where potato wart has been found can be replanted with wart-resistant potato varieties after five years have passed.

Since 2000, there have been 33 detections of potato wart on Prince Edward Island, according to the Canada Food Inspection Agency. "The latest detections in October 2021 represent the largest area and highest number of associated fields," said the CFIA website."This increase required the strongest action to date against the further spread of potato wart off P.E.I."

The CFIA confirmed last fall that the fungus was foundin the two fields that have a combined area ofapproximately 20 hectares. The agency didn't indicatewhere the farm is located, other than specifying it was in Queens County.

Agriculture Minister Bloyce Thompson said he agrees such land parcels should be taken out of production permanently.

But he said he wants to hear from federal authorities in the U.S. before making any changes.

"We have no problem doing it, but we want to wait to see what they say because they could say, 'Well, that's great.But we want you to do that,this, this and this,'" he said.

"[After] we know what their demands are, then we can go above and beyond if we have to."

He saidthe province could move to make the change before the coming growing season,but he didn't commit to doing that.

Thompson did tell the legislature: "We will not stop until we get our farmers back to what they know and love:farming."

Bevan-Baker said the aid programs brought in by Dennis King's government have been "enormously helpful," but added: "The biggest problem here is that we have lost control of the biggest element of our province's economy."

Liberal MLA Robert Henderson, noting that he himself once grew seed potatoes, said the crisis has had "an indelible negative impact on our potato industry."

He said that 180 growers account for 85,000 acres of potatoes on P.E.I., with 10 per cent of the Island's potato acreage in seed-potato production.

"Land management certainly needs to be figured out That definitely has to happen," Henderson told the legislature.

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