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Monthly Archives: February 2022
Google acknowledges Wi-Fi issues in very small number of Pixel 6 phones, fix coming in March – The Verge
Posted: February 26, 2022 at 11:08 am
Google says a fix is on the way for Pixel 6 owners who are dealing with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity issues after installing a security patch earlier this month, as reported by 9to5Google. In response to a user on Reddit, Google acknowledges the problem and says its bundling a fix in a March software update.
After some investigation, we identified the root cause and determined that it impacts a very small number of devices, Google says. Of course, we realize this is a poor experience and immediately developed a software fix that will be available in the next Google Pixel Update, rolling out in March.
Google also says to contact its support team to explore other options in the meantime, but it doesnt provide any details on what exactly that means. As 9to5Google points out, some users have found that installing the Android 12L beta 3 has solved the problem, so that may be the other option Google is referencing here. Google spokesperson Alex Moriconi confirmed the information outlined in the post is accurate in a statement to The Verge.
For some reason, Googles updates just havent been playing all that nicely with its flagship Pixel 6 and 6 Pro devices. Google pulled its first major update for both phones in December after users reported dropped and disconnected calls. Its January update fixed the bug but things broke again upon the release of the most recent patch, which has been causing some devices to randomly toggle off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
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Mind-blowing internet time machine reveals how awful Facebook, Google and more used to look – New York Post
Posted: at 11:08 am
Internet users are taking a trip down memory lane seeing what their favorite websites looked like years ago.
TheWayback Machineallows people to step back as far as the 90s, glimpsing at the basic and awful designs once graced by the likes of Facebook, Google, Amazon and so many more.
With 654 billion pages saved, nostalgic users can enter the name of just about any web address and see whether its available.
A calendar view will allow you to virtually turn back time, clicking through some the early days of some sites.
Here are some of the best to look at:
Mark Zuckerberg wasnt first to own the facebook.com address.
A company in the US owned it before.
It was only when the social network rebranded from TheFacebook to simply Facebook, that they reached a deal to buy the web address we know today.
Anyone who was a teen around 2007 will remember this basic look.
Googles main search engine hasnt changed a great deal from its early days.
Of course, the logo has been revamped several times since being founded in 1998.
And it is so much more than a search engine now.
Most people dont even bother visiting the main google.com or google.co.uk address now, they just perform searches at the top of their web browser.
Amazon looks completely different in the early noughties.
Were sure the prices were a lot different then compared to now as well
The worlds most popular video-sharing website was founded in 2005.
Realizing its potential, Google snapped it up a year later.
Twitter looked a lot more basic in the noughties too.
It was created in 2006 and didnt have anywhere near as many features as it does today.
Not least of all, tweets were limited to 140 characters until 2017.
Before the iPhone even existed, this is what you would have found on apple.com in 2000.
Oddly, the tech giant has stuck with the top menu bar look, though it has evolved drastically.
Before Netflix even existed in the UK, and before streaming was a thing, Netflix did postal movie and TV rentals.
It still provides this service in the US, but for the most part, the firm is known the world over for being a streaming platform today.
eBay made waves when it launched in the 90s, allowing people to buy and sell their old stuff.
The site was a lot more simple back then.
Hotmail is still going strong today but didnt have a great deal to it in the early days.
Though its still owned by Microsoft, Hotmail came under the MSN banner back then.
In other news, thenaughtiest emoji combinationshave been revealed.
Tinder has revived the classicblind date experiencewith a virtual twist.
And TikTok has announcednew rules, banning users who deadname or misgender others.
This story originally appeared on The Sun and has been reproduced here with permission.
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New Xenomorph malware sneaks onto the Google Play Store – The Record by Recorded Future
Posted: at 11:08 am
Theres a bottomless pool of threats facing Android users these days, and as soon as one Android malware operation sinks to the bottom, a new one rises to give users headaches.
Discovered and detailed in areportpublished today by security firm ThreatFabric, the latest of these threats is namedXenomorph.
First spotted this month, the Xenomorph malware is a classic banking trojan that infects Android smartphones, requests access to the Accessibility service, and then uses this overpowered tool to show fake login screens on top of mobile banking applications.
The malware collects this info, along with other device data, and sends it to its owners command and control (C&C) servers.
This data is later used to access bank accounts and steal funds. In case accounts are protected with two-factor authentication, Xenomorph can also intercept SMS message notifications and retrieve the code for the attackers.
ThreatFabric said that based on the malware samples they found so far, Xenomorph could show fake login screens for 56 banks from Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Belgium.
In addition, it can also show fake login screens for 12 cryptocurrency mobile wallets and seven email apps.
But while many Android banking trojans today are being spread around using apps offered for download on third-party apps stores or via dedicated websites, Xenomorph is part of a select group of malware strains that have been distributed via the official Google Play Store.
The ThreatFabric team said Xenomorph is being offered as a second-stage payload inside malicious apps that have managed to sneak past Googles Play Store security checks.
These apps typically hide a small malware strain called a dropper that, once it gets past these checks, will download more potent and intrusive malware on a device.
In the attacks it spotted this month, ThreatFabric said it saw Xenomorph being dropped on users devices via a dropper namedGymdrop.
For now, theyve spotted Xenomorph infections only via the Fast Cleaner app, installed on more than 50,000 devices, before it was pulled from the Play Store.
While researchers said the malware still appears to be under development, it is clear that this is a new major threat thats here to stay, and they expect new attacks in the future.
ThreatFabric said it named the malware with the peculiar name ofXenomorphbecause it found clues in its code linking many of its features with an older Android banking trojan known as Alien and decided to go with a similar name inspired by the Alien movie series.
Catalin Cimpanu is a cybersecurity reporter for The Record. He previously worked at ZDNet and Bleeping Computer, where he became a well-known name in the industry for his constant scoops on new vulnerabilities, cyberattacks, and law enforcement actions against hackers.
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Ninja Van Goes the Extra Mile with Google Cloud to Fulfill Vision of Tech-Enabled, End-to-End Logistics Management for Businesses in Southeast Asia -…
Posted: at 11:08 am
Ninja Van Goes the Extra Mile with Google Cloud to Fulfill Vision of Tech-Enabled, End-to-End Logistics Management for Businesses in Southeast Asia
Extended collaboration will support Ninja Van's strategy for secure and sustainable expansion, while maximizing the potential of its technology talent
SINGAPORE, Feb. 24, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Ninja Van, Southeast Asia's leading logistics provider, is extending its multi-year collaboration with Google Cloud to help businesses seize digital growth opportunities and overcome supply chain disruptions. By running its platform and applications on Google Cloud's scalable, secure and open-source infrastructure, Ninja Van aims to strengthen its leadership in last-mile courier services and expand upstream into supply chain management solutions.
Backed by the likes of Europe's largest parcel delivery network GeoPost / DPDgroup and global investment firm B Capital, Ninja Van has operations in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. It is now the trusted delivery partner for close to two million businesses and handles around two million parcels daily across Southeast Asia. To facilitate onshore or nearshore production and distribution for businesses, Ninja Van recently launched Ninja Direct, a procurement concierge that covers supplier sourcing and management, customs clearance, financing, and shipments tracking.
"Retailers have shifted toward e-commerce strategies as opposed to selling through physical stores, especially with the pandemic forcing consumers to shop online more than ever before. With disruptions to the traditional flow of raw materials and finished goods, there's also an urgent need for adaptive micro supply chains that allow businesses to 'make where they sell' and fulfill orders quicker," said Shaun Chong, Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Ninja Van. "We chose Google Cloud because of its proven ability to help us scale reliably and innovate at high velocity, as we address the region's end-to-end logistics management needs."
Freeing Up Talent to Drive Innovation and Impact
Ninja Van consistently evaluates whether it is making efficient use of its technical talent. This means determining how the cloud can empower its 150 engineers, developers and data scientists to build products that add value to the business, instead of spending time managing complex IT infrastructure.
With Google's open cloud approach, Ninja Van's technical teams are free to choose the tools they need to accelerate software development and scale more efficiently while also reducing technology risk. For instance, by using Google Cloud's open-source data processing platform which integrates seamlessly with its data scientists' preferred external data visualization tools, Ninja Van's teams can comfortably process terabytes of data daily to support the company's business needs.
To create its NinjaChat chatbot and simulate the quality and immediacy of in-person interactions, Ninja Van's developers turned to Google Cloud's open-source and pre-built virtual agents to bring the feature to life in a month, rather than spend three months building a machine learning framework from scratch.
"From a chatbot that enhances customer experiences to algorithms for fuel-saving route optimization these are amongst the hundreds of new features released by Ninja Van each day. By automating application deployment and upgrades using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), our technical teams can avoid engaging in manual backend configurations and stay laser-focused on innovation," said Chong.
"We're actively hiring to bolster our technology teams in the region. Once we have the talent in the door, it makes zero sense to have them recreate code that exists and is ready-to-use, or manually select servers with the right vCPUs or RAM to deploy each application. Google Cloud puts open-source at the center of its solutions, while GKE does a great job at making sure things happen automatically. These allow us to avoid lock-in, reduce costs and truly give our in-house talent the ability to make more meaningful contributions to the business," added Chong.
Security and Zero Downtime to Enable 24/7 Operations
Southeast Asia's e-commerce gross merchandise value is expected to reach US$234 billion by 2025. As Ninja Van continues to help retailers compete in this fast-growing market and expand its services upstream, reliability and data protection remain top priorities.
The demand for Ninja Van's services have grown by three times during the pandemic. Whether it is preparing for major online sales events like Singles' Day, responding to sudden surges in demand because of merchants running ad hoc campaigns, or making thousands of software upgrades each year, Google Cloud's dynamic autoscaling capabilities enable Ninja Van's website and mobile applications to handle 10 times the normal traffic with a smooth user experience, before scaling down to reduce costs when additional computing resources are no longer needed.
"Having benefited from security solutions that are designed by default into Google Cloud's infrastructure, such as end-to-end encryption and automated patching, we will now work with Google Cloud's security specialists on additional ways to reinforce our zero trust security model," said Chong.
"We're proud to have played a part in Ninja Van becoming a leading end-to-end logistics management provider and one of the most admired technology unicorns," said Ruma Balasubramanian, Managing Director, Southeast Asia, Google Cloud. "By investing in world-class talent and relentless innovation, the company is well-positioned to deliver the just-in-time production and distribution capabilities that businesses need to satisfy contemporary consumers' desire for product variety and immediacy. Google Cloud will continue to uphold our high standards in reliability, collaboration, openness and security, as we support Ninja Van's vision of connecting Southeast Asia to a world of commerce possibilities."
About Google Cloud
Google Cloud accelerates organizations' ability to digitally transform their business. We deliver enterprise-grade solutions that leverage Google's cutting-edge technology all on the cleanest cloud in the industry. Customers in more than 200 countries and territories turn to Google Cloud as their trusted partner to enable growth and solve their most critical business problems.
About Ninja Van
Ninja Van is a leading tech-enabled express logistics company providing supply chain solutions for businesses of all sizes across Southeast Asia. Launched in 2014, Ninja Van started operations in Singapore as a last-mile logistics company. Since then, it has become one of the region's fastest-growing tech logistics companies, powering businesses with innovative solutions that optimize e-commerce opportunities. Today, Ninja Van has grown its network to cover six countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. For more information, visit http://www.ninjavan.co.
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Google Has Fixed the Most Annoying Thing About Your Google Home or Nest Speaker – CNET
Posted: at 11:08 am
Google Assistant is available on the Nest Mini.
You ask your smart speaker a question, like "What's the weather like today?," or give it a command to play a song from your favorite album. The speaker springs to life and begins talking to you, but it just won't stop. It keeps going and going, rambling on, and you just want it to end. If it's aGoogle Assistant-powered speaker, like theGoogle Homeor Nest Mini, you can say "Hey Google" and then any number of commands to shut it up, but now there's a quicker way.
Thanks to a recent update that Google announced on Twitter, you no longer have to use a two-part response to get Google Assistant to hush. You only have to say one word: "Stop."
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If Google Assistant is talking to you, all you have to do is say "stop" and it will cease from speaking. It's a useful new feature to prevent Google Assistant from blabbing incredibly long directions to a destination, for example, or giving you a too-thorough weather forecast. It's similar to the feature that allows you to stop an alarm or timer by simply saying "stop," except now you can do it while Google Assistant is talking.
Know everything about Google, from breaking news to reviews and Android tips. Delivered Wednesdays.
If Google Assistant won't stop talking, just say "stop."
Unfortunately, the "stop" feature currently only works on smart displays like the Google Nest Hub or the Lenovo Smart Clock, as well as on smart speakers like the Google Home or the Sonos One. That means that the feature is currently unavailable on smartphones, watches and tablets that have Google Assistant, but that could eventually change.
If you want to learn more about Google Assistant, check out how to make your Google Assistant less annoying by turning off these 5 settings and 32 cool things you need to try with Google Assistant.
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Are Google, Amazon, Apple and Meta Cheap yet? JPMorgan Has the Answer – Business Insider
Posted: at 11:08 am
Big tech stocks have seen their stellar pandemic-era run abruptly end in early 2022.
With geopolitical turmoil in Ukraine, high inflation around the world, and expectations of rising interest rates, the entire market has started the year sharply lower. But shares of Meta (FB), Apple (AAPL), Amazon (AMZN), Netflix (NLFX), and Alphabet (GOOGL) are faring even worse than the rest of the market, begging the question: are these top growth stocks now cheap enough to buy?
For JPMorgan, the answer is no. Strategists Mislav Matejka, Prabhav Bhadani, Nitya Saldanha and Karishma Manpuria have examined the market in forensic detail for their latest equity strategy report.
The FAANG stocks or Meta (n Facebook), Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Alphabet (Google) are all lower, even relative to the wider US equities market, which is down over 9% so far in 2022.
Shares of Meta crashed after the company reported its first-ever decline in daily active users last quarter, while Netflix took a similar dive when the company announced it believed subscriber growth will slow next quarter. As a result, shares of Meta are down over 39% year-to-date, while Netflix is down 36%. Meanwhile, Apple shares are down 7%, while shares of Amazon and Alphabet are both down over 9% this year.
But according to the team at JPMorgan the issue isn't the price of these high-growth stocks it's the timeframe. When looking at the big picture the JPMorgan team is unconvinced growth stocks are a bargain right now.
"Despite recent underperformance, growth continues to trade near highs, in a multi-year context," they wrote. "In a longer term context, the recent underperformance of growth is much less stark, as it comes on the back of years of outperformance."
"Similarly, the recent underperformance of FAANG relatively also appears muted, considering its large outperformance over the last decade. In fact, the price earnings differential between technology and banks is still close to the widest on record."
Given this, where should investors put their money? The JPMorgan team said that despite its recent rally, value investments continue to trade "outright cheap relative to growth."
"As growth stocks weakened of late, they derated, but are still not outright cheap," they wrote. "On the other side, financials and commodities in particular had a strong rally, but are far from expensive, especially relative to underlying commodity prices and relative to the magnitude of potential rate changes by central banks."
JPMorgan noted that the earnings of growth companies "might not be exceptional anymore," while the earnings of certain value sectors are "bouncing." They also said the forward earnings of value appear to be "bottoming out" versus growth stocks.
"The big driver remains the direction of bond yields," the JPMorgan team explained. "Over the past 10 years, growth style benefitted from negative real rates and subdued bond yields, rerating vs value sectors. If bond yields show a more persistent upside, as central banks undergo a series of rate increases, and as the demand-supply for bonds changes, then the large valuation premium that growth sectors have over value will keep reducing."
Inflation peaking might not be a "durable reason" to go back and buy growth stocks, they warned, but it could offer a short-term tactical bounce.
"We believe one should look through the widespread 'slowdown' calls that are currently in vogue, and stay bullish on banks, mining, energy, insurance, autos, travel and telecoms. The year-to-date market performance is tracking these well."
"The question is whether one should buy back quality, especially if one sees a potential peak in inflation," the team continued. "In our view the key is the direction of bond yields we expect them to continue moving higher, and that was always consistent with cyclical leadership."
The team also gave a nod to one geographic part of the equities market that looks attractive. "Regionally, we reiterate our upgrade of the UK to overweight, after six years of a cautious stance."
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Is the Multiverse real? Two astrophysicists debate – Big Think
Posted: at 11:07 am
Here at Big Think, we are incredibly lucky to have some of the greatest minds writing about the biggest questions in the Universe. In this case, the question is even bigger than the Universe.
We invited two astrophysicists Dr. Ethan Siegel (Starts with a Bang columnist) and Dr. Adam Frank (13.8 columnist) to engage in a debate over one of the hottest topics in astrophysics: Is the Multiverse real?
Cosmic inflation and quantum field theory both describe the Universe.Cosmic inflation, first put forth in 1980, tells us what the Universe was like prior to the hot Big Bang in order to set it up with the conditions that we observe. Put simply, it states that before the Universe was filled with matter and radiation, it was filled with some sort of energy that was inherent to the fabric of space itself, which caused the Universe to expand in a relentless, exponential fashion. Then, at some point, inflation ended, transitioning that energy inherent to space into particles and giving rise to the hot Big Bang.
Because the Universe is inherently quantum in nature, that means we should expect that whatever inflation is, it has a nature that is consistent with quantum field theory our best and most powerful description of the Universe of particles. All the things that come along with quantum physics, like Heisenberg uncertainty and the existence of quantum fluctuations, must apply to inflation as well.
So, what happens when you put inflation and quantum field theory together? You get a series of predictions, many of which have been borne out by observations. Inflation is now widely regarded as the origin of our Universe, and those observations narrow down which classes of inflationary models remain viable. Accepting cosmic inflation and quantum field theory is the scientific consensus right now, meaning it can be considered our starting point upon which we build.
If cosmic inflation and quantum field theory are both correct, then the Multiverse arises as an inevitable consequence of the two, combined.The easiest way to picture inflation is that its a ball at the top of a very flat plateau. The ball can roll slowly in any direction, but so long as it remains atop the plateau, inflation continues. It is only when the ball rolls off the plateau and into the valley below that inflation comes to an end, transitioning into a Universe dominated by particles: matter and radiation, which signifies the start of the hot Big Bang.
So where does the Multiverse come from?
One of the properties of quantum physics is that the position of a particle at any given time isnt deterministic but follows a probability distribution. Moreover, the wavefunction that describes that probability distribution spreads out over time. You can visualize this, instead of as a ball, as the ripples generated by a ball dropped into a pond.
Now, heres where it gets interesting: We have two things competing against one another. On the one hand, we have the speed of the rolling ball, and on the other hand, we have the speed of the ripples that propagate outward. If the ball rolls faster than the ripples propagate, inflation can end everywhere at once, and there will only be one Universe bigger than the observable Universe that we can see, but still finite in size and all connected.
But if the ripples propagate faster than the ball rolls, then you will have regions where the ripples fall off the plateau, and in those regions, you get a hot Big Bang. But, you will also have regions where the ripples take you closer to the center of the plateau, and in those regions, inflation continues. What you wind up with, in this latter scenario, are regions where inflation ends and you get a hot Big Bang, but separated by regions where inflation continues for longer. As time goes on, you will get more and more regions where inflation ends and the hot Big Bang ensues, but also evermore regions where inflation continues.
Those regions of space where inflation end and the hot Big Bang begins are each their own, independent Universe, and together, they make up a Multiverse. We may not be able to measure these other Universes, at least not just yet, but theres every reason to expect that if inflation and quantum field theory are both correct, then the Multiverse inevitably exists.
Ethan does a great job of summarizing both inflation and its connection to the Multiverse. So, a good place to start is to note that in my original piece, I was criticizing the idea of the Multiverse but not, necessarily, inflationary cosmology. There are reasons why positing a brief period of expansion-on-steroids (that is, inflation) can be useful. The problem comes if the only way you can make it work is adding an infinite number of observable Universes.
It is important, from my viewpoint, to understand what is happening with inflation theory because it is not really a theory the way, say, electromagnetism or quantum mechanics is. It is not what I would call a theory with a capitol T, featuring endless points of experimental verification such that its true form has been nailed down and locked tight.
Instead, it is a class of theories with lots of wiggle room for individual instantiations. That wiggle room has led to many discussions about the ability of the theory to ever be falsifiable because, no matter what new data is gathered, there will always be a version of it that can be designed to slip through the new constraint. (I note there are also discussions about the continued need for fine tuning with inflation theory.)
Inflation does have a few places where it is consistent with observations like the spectrum of perturbations that get propagated forward in time to become large-scale cosmic structure. That is indeed very good. But it is a far cry from the kind of validation we have of, say, the Standard Model of Particle Physics, which has been verified six ways to Sunday.
This is an important point because inflation takes physics we understand at way, way lower energy scales and extrapolates them into very different kinds of conditions. There are many orders of magnitude between the quantum field theory we understand and the inflationary domains of spacetime. This is one reason why there are so many flavors of inflation. We dont even know what physical field drives inflation. Its particle is just called the inflaton, and there is a lot of latitude available for theorists in making up its properties. Now this, by itself, is not a problem. Speculation and extrapolation are part of what physicists do.
But
If, in the process of extrapolating to wildly extreme regimes, you end up in dangerous (from the point of view of the epistemological underpinnings of science) territory, then I think you need to step back and ask about what might have gone wrong.
This is exactly what happens with eternal inflation and the Multiverse. A theory we understand in one regime (much lower energy particle accelerators) gets stretched into a very different one (10-36 of a second after the Big Bang). That extrapolation solves some problems (but not others), but it all comes at a strange cost. That cost is what I call ontological exuberance.
It is possible that the only way the inflation extrapolation works is to accept an infinite number of Universes that you may never ever be able to observe. But that is not good. And it is not like anything else thats happened in the history of physics. Sure, we cannot observe what is inside a black hole; and yes, we have dark matter that we cannot see; and yes, there are the parts of our Universe beyond the light horizon. But in the case of dark matter (if it exists), then we can at least learn a lot about it in bulk based on the detailed influences it exerts on the luminous matter we can see. And as for the insides of event horizons, I am not forced to accept infinite numbers of Universes as the price for accepting General Relativity. Same goes for what lies beyond the observable Universe.
To summarize, I would argue that inflation has some attractive features, but it simply does not stand as the kind of scientific edifice (in terms of having many, many points of contact with observation) that should force us to accept the Multiverse. If that is really the only choice, then its the assumptions, from soup to nuts, that went into the whole extrapolation enterprise that should be re-examined. Humility in science is a good thing.
Adams response contains some interesting food-for-thought, but there is a dubious logical gambit in there at the core of his argument, which can be paraphrased this way: We dont know everything, therefore how can we trust anything? In any scientific endeavor, you absolutely must be careful about what assumptions you are making that go beyond the limit of what you can observe and/or verify, but you must also not ignore the very generic predictions that show up independently of the assumptions that you make.
What he asserts about inflation is true in the sense that we do not know absolutely everything about it, including what the exact properties of the specific model of inflation are that describes our Universe. However, I would dispute his assertion that you can cook up any model you like to give you any properties you like, as many predictions are model-independent. In other words, no matter what model of inflation you choose to work with, the same behavior always emerges. These are the things we can trust, most confidently, about what inflation predicts.
So, what are the model-independent predictions? Here are some of them:
Over the past ~40 years, we have put these predictions to the test and verified the first four of them. Currently, we are unable to measure the Universe to the necessary sensitivity to detect the final two.
But another prediction and yes, it is a prediction that inevitably comes out of inflation is this: if you concoct a model of inflation that agrees with observations, specifically by allowing enough inflation to occur to give the Universe the properties we observe it to have, then inflation always continues in more regions of space than it ends. Because the inflating portions of space grow exponentially, and the non-inflating portions grow at a much slower rate (as a power law), there is always more inflating space than regions where inflation ends, and that inflating space separates and drives apart those other regions.
Once inflation begins, anywhere in the Universe, this scenario (illustrated above) is inescapable. That is why there is a Multiverse, and why the Multiverse is a generic prediction of inflation. Quantum gravity will not save you, since this occurs at energy scales much lower than those where quantum gravity is important. Moreover, Adams appeal to the physics of very high energy scales will not save his argument, since these properties of inflation have been shown to be energy-scale independent.
In other words, yes, inflation gives you some wiggle room in many ways, but you cannot wiggle out of the Multiverse. The only way out, as Adam says, is to postulate a Rumsfeldian unknown unknown to save you. And while that is always possible in any endeavor, I think it is far preferable to draw your best conclusions based on what is known to the limits of our best knowledge at the time. To retort with a quote from the late Macho Man Randy Savage, You may not like it, but accept it.
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Fefferman and Le Gall win Frontiers of Knowledge award for solving fundamental mathematical problems – BBVA
Posted: at 11:07 am
The awardees, says the committee, have opened new perspectives in mathematical analysis and probability theory, which have had a great influence on a generation of mathematicians. They have also introduced powerful analysis techniques to solve longstanding math problems, some of them arising from fundamental questions in theoretical physics.
Charles Fefferman, a professor at Princeton University in the United States, is considered one of todays most versatile mathematicians, who has brought new insights to such seemingly disparate fields as the mathematical description of fluid dynamics, analysis of the laws of quantum mechanics or the properties of graphene and other two-dimensional materials.
The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Information and Communication Technologies has gone in this fourteenth edition to Judea Pearl for bringing a modern foundation to artificial intelligence. The Professor of Computer Science at the University of California (UCLA), has made contributions that enable AI programs to use two of the key resources we humans use to interpret the world and arrive at decisions: probability and causality.
Le Gall, a professor at Universit Paris-Saclay, works in probability theory, and much of his research draws on physics models that attempt to explain the quantum world at the atomic scale and in the early universe, with the construction of a quantum theory of gravity.
Fefferman entered the University of Maryland, United States, at just 14 years of age and published his first mathematical paper the following year. In 1971, at the age of 22, he became Americas youngest full professor. In his long career, he has maintained strong links with Spain, particularly with the mathematics school of the Universidad Autnoma de Madrid.
Fefferman reckons that over his career he must have solved several dozen problems. Asked about his favorites, he picks the duality theorem, which connects problems from fields far removed from math, providing a functional tool that opens up new vistas in harmonic analysis. He likes it partly because it took the least time to resolve, just a couple of weeks, compared to others he has worked on for up to twenty years.
In an interview after hearing of the award, Fefferman explained that, for him, jumping between fields is second nature: I have the feeling that I dont pick the problems, they pick me. I hear about a problem and it is so fascinating that I cannot stop thinking about it. If it happens to be in a field I have not worked in before but I think I have a chance to get involved and maybe do something, then I try.
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Will one-way masking protect you from COVID in public spaces? : Goats and Soda – NPR
Posted: at 11:05 am
Each week, we answer frequently asked questions about life during the coronavirus crisis. If you have a question you'd like us to consider for a future post, email us at goatsandsoda@npr.org with the subject line "Weekly Coronavirus Questions." See an archive of our FAQs here.
Lots of people are giving up masks in public places maybe they think the pandemic is over, maybe they're putting their faith in vaccines, maybe they're just tired of masking. But I still want to mask up when I'm around others omicron is out there, infections can happen if you're vaccinated. Is one-way masking wearing a mask helpful in any way?
It can be lonely out there as the solo masker in a sea of exposed chins and noses.
And there's no getting around the fact that having everyone wear a mask cuts down the risk of spreading the coronavirus in a public space much more effectively than a scattershot approach.
"One-way masking isn't doing that," says Kristen Coleman, an assistant research professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Health. "We're not maximizing the benefits of masks [if] only a proportion of the population" wears them.
But it looks as if an end to mask mandates will increasingly be the reality, given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new guidance that much of the public can forgo masks if local hospitals are not dealing with a high level of disease.
But if you plan to continue wearing a mask, you can still get substantial protection as the sole mask-wearer what's being called "one-way masking" if you do it right.
If it's pouring outside, would you throw on a cotton hoodie and expect to stay dry?
The same principle applies to masks and pathogens.
Unlike a cloth or surgical mask, an N95 respirator (as well as similar products, like a KN95 or KF94) is specifically designed to filter out the tiny viral particles that stay suspended in the air when exhaled by someone who's infected and not just the larger respiratory droplets that spray out like cannonballs and fall to the ground at close range.
(These models are often referred to as masks but are technically known as respirators.)
"The only thing I recommend is something like an N95 respirator," says Lisa Brosseau, a bioaerosol scientist and industrial hygienist who's a consultant for the University of Minnesota's Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy.
Lots of studies dating well before the coronavirus pandemic, in the laboratory and in workplaces, demonstrate that fit-tested respirators protect the wearer from hazardous airborne contaminants, she says.
"From Day 1, we have collectively done a poor job at communicating the strong efficacy of N95 respirators," adds Coleman.
Of course, any kind of protection is better than nothing at all. If you have no other options, surgical masks are better than cloth masks because the material has electrostatic charge to trap incoming particles, says Abraar Karan, an infectious disease physician at Stanford University but if you're serious, don't count on them to keep you safe when most people nearby are unmasked.
Karan has taken care of hundreds of COVID-19 patients over the past two years and knows how well N95s work, even if you're face-to-face with a contagious unmasked person.
"I've been very close to them while they were coughing and weren't able to wear masks and never got COVID from a patient," he says.
The only real downside of wearing an N95 is that some models can compress your face, pinch your nose and make it hard to breathe. The key is to find one that you can tolerate wearing, while making sure there aren't big gaps around your nose or chin (if your nostrils are showing, forget about it!).
"They all feel slightly differently," says Karan, who personally prefers a model made by 3M called the VFlex.
But keep in mind that an N95 on its own isn't foolproof.
Health care workers go through fit tests to ensure the ones they're wearing are sealed properly. Even so, Brosseau says research shows that about 10% of particles will leak through during the normal wear and tear of the day.
Of course, most of the N95-wearing public will not undergo a rigorous fit test. Brosseau had studied this scenario people who had no prior experience or assistance putting on a respirator. She found that the majority of them could get a fit that would result in about 20% leakage.
This drop in effectiveness should not deter you, she stresses.
"It just means that it doesn't offer that 95% protection that's been advertised, but it's still going to be providing more protection than a surgical mask or a cloth mask," says Coleman.
Even with a solid choice like an N95, you need to calculate the risks you'll face as a one-way masker.
"Just wearing a mask it helps, but it is not going to turn being indoors into something that has no risk," says Jose-Luis Jimenez, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder and an aerosols scientist.
Many of the considerations should feel familiar at this point, if not hard-wired into our pandemic-weary brains.
Poorly ventilated indoor spaces, especially where people are talking loudly, singing or exercising, carry the highest risk. If you do go inside, the safest situation is an uncrowded venue. And the longer you spend indoors, the more you open yourself up to infection.
The final big risk consideration comes down to how many people are contagious in your community. Dr. Lisa Maragakis says you can look at the number of new cases per capita in your community over the past week.
"That number needs to be in the single digits somewhere between one to five cases per 100,000 before we've reached that low level where the probability is such that you're less likely to encounter someone with the virus," says Maragakis, who's senior director of infection prevention at the Johns Hopkins Health System.
And remember: There are no hard-and-fast rules.
For example, you can spend the same amount of time in similar indoor spaces, but the chance of infection can go up enormously depending on what people are doing.
"We've seen tons of outbreaks in choirs, none in libraries and movie theaters that I know of," says Jimenez, who has developed a tool that estimates risk in different scenarios.
Some researchers have tried to specifically quantify the risk of being infected when one person is wearing a mask and the other isn't i.e., one-way masking. But many factors come into play.
One recent modeling study found a 90% risk of being infected after 30 minutes when a person wears a surgical mask and is about 5 feet away from an infected unmasked person. Switching to a respirator drops that risk to 20% over the course of an hour. And if both people are wearing a respirator, it's under 1% in an hour.
Brosseau has also analyzed this kind of scenario, although with a different approach that looks at how long it would take to get a big enough "dose" of the virus that you'd likely be infected. She found it would be about an hour and 15 minutes for someone wearing an N95 (not fit tested) to get infected when in close contact with a contagious person.
Of course, all these estimates are based on certain assumptions and can't be taken as a strict guide. Brosseau's relies on the idea that there's a high risk of infection for two unmasked people in close proximity for 15 minutes but that time span comes from contact-tracing guidance used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, not data about the virus.
"These are not bright lines between safe and unsafe," she says.
Even among experts, there's considerable variation in how much they're going to rely on one-way masking when infection rates are high in their community.
Karan feels comfortable going into places that would be considered riskier if he's wearing the N95 he likes: "I use that to work out in the gym. I wear it everywhere. I wear it in the hospital or just out and about."
Others play it much safer. Jimenez says he isn't going back to the grocery store yet, even with a high-quality respirator.
Brosseau is back to shopping for groceries but avoids busy times and still rules out certain destinations. "I haven't gone back to church since the beginning of the pandemic," she says.
The decision to be a one-way masker can also add to your pandemic stress. It can be awkward to be the only person in a public place who's wearing one. And given the way that masks have been politicized, you may feel that your decision to be a one-way masker could be taken as a confrontational action.
As a one-way masker, epidemiology professor Charlotte Baker at Virginia Tech often finds herself one of the few people wearing a mask. And she recognizes that it can be a lonely road.
She suggests giving yourself a little pep talk to strengthen your resolve: "I'm doing this so I can see my parents," or "I'm doing this so I can keep my kids safe." In her case, she is immunocompromised and reminds herself, "I don't want to die" but notes "that might be a bit too on the nose for many people."
And don't obsess about the non-maskers around you, she says: "I suggest ignoring people, focusing on the task at hand and getting out of there."
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Coronavirus Briefing: England is Living with the Virus – The New York Times
Posted: at 11:05 am
England begins living with the virus
This week Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced that he was scrapping the remaining coronavirus restrictions in England, saying it was time to live with the virus.
While he did not declare the nations health crisis over, the move put his country ahead of most others in Europe regarding the speed with which it hopes to return to normal life.
For insight into the approach, I spoke with Claire Moses, a writer for The Morning in London.
What happened in this latest round of lifting restrictions?
Basically, everything has been lifted. A lot of things had been open already restaurants, pubs, movie theaters, you name it but now the final restrictions are also gone. That includes mask requirements, even on Londons public transportation, and legal isolation requirements, even if you have the virus.
We also have access to free rapid tests, which we get through the National Health Service, but those wont be free anymore after April 1. My guess is that will mean that people will stop testing, unless theyre very ill, because no one is going to say, Lets buy tests before we see each other. Its just not realistic.
What does lifting isolation requirements mean?
So if I test positive, I no longer have to isolate. Im still encouraged to stay home, but its no longer legally required. If you get Covid or a nasty flu, youre probably going to do the responsible thing and stay home anyway. But since you essentially no longer have to tell anyone if you test positive and after April, you may not even know if you are infected unless you pay for a test it may change the calculation for some people. Maybe you have a trip planned and youre not going to cancel it. Or maybe you have a party or a dinner you really want to go to, so you do. This makes everyones personal risk assessment very, very difficult.
Why is Boris Johnson doing this?
On the one hand, hes saying the virus is here to stay and we need to accept that and adopt it into our daily lives. But hes also in the middle of a major political scandal here. There is a police inquiry into whether he broke his own governments lockdown rules by attending multiple parties. So his critics are saying that lifting the remaining restrictions is a way to distract attention from that.
What are health experts saying?
Health officials are extremely wary, and N.H.S. leaders have also said theyre against the end of the free testing. Something else to keep in mind is that the lifting of all restrictions doesnt protect vulnerable people. They have warned that politicians shouldnt say the pandemic is over, because it isnt Covid is still among us, and while cases have been dropping dramatically, tens of thousands of people around the country still test positive every day.
The N.H.S. is also dealing with another crisis: The pandemic has worsened delays and backlogs. Millions of procedures have been delayed, including cancer screenings and essential care.
Whats the latest on Queen Elizabeth?
The queen, who is 95, seems to be having a mild case of Covid with coldlike symptoms. But she did cancel her virtual appearances. According to the media here, shes still performing some light duties. One of those duties, as the BBC reported, is reading state papers.
Whats life like in London these days?
Everything is open. More and more people are starting to return to the office. I was on the tube, what we call the subway here, during rush hour this week, and it was crowded. Even if it wasnt quite as crowded as two years ago. Nightlife is up and running. Theaters are full and the audiences seem extremely happy to be there. People are back in pubs. In many places in town, it looks like we are living with Covid.
How does that feel?
On the one hand it feels great, because who doesnt love normalcy? We love the theater. We love the pub. We love hugging each other. We love going to work sometimes. But on the other hand, this pandemic has been very scary for everyone in different ways, and especially so for people who are older or more vulnerable. So, going back to a world where it seemingly doesnt exist feels abrupt.
The World Health Organization announced plans to establish a training hub in South Korea to teach low- and middle-income countries to produce their own mRNA vaccines. The effort, which aims to train 370 people from around the world starting in July, would help to mitigate global vaccine inequality and the shortage of skilled workers in the vaccine manufacturing industry, the agency said.
The announcement followed the organizations ongoing effort in South Africa to reverse-engineer existing mRNA vaccines and share the technology with low-income countries, after attempts to cooperate with Pfizer and Moderna to share the technology had been unsuccessful.
The W.H.O. also said that African countries would be able to accelerate their vaccination programs because of a change in the system of vaccine distribution.
Whats at stake. The crisis has stoked speculations thatthe political future of Mr. Johnson might be at risk. Though few Conservatives in Parliament have publicly called on him to quit, if the investigation determines that he misled Parliament, it could cost him his job.
Previously, the agency would send vaccine doses to African countries as they became available. But since January, countries have been able to request the vaccines they need from the W.H.O. directly, specifying in what quantity and when. As a result, they have been able to significantly ramp up vaccination efforts.
The continent had been expected to reach the target of vaccinating 70 percent of the population by August 2024. But now, the W.H.O. said, it seemed like that target could be met by early 2023.
An average of about 90,000 Americans are being vaccinated per day, the lowest point since the early days of the campaign, The Associated Press reported.
Moderna said it expected to make at least $19 billion in Covid vaccine sales this year, CNBC reported.
The pandemic has increased reliance on pills for abortions in the U.S.
Is the BA.2 version of Omicron worse? Heres what you need to know.
A truck caravan, planned as an American version of the past months chaotic protest in Canada, left California for Washington, D.C.
Hopeful business executives are again planning for workers to return in person (fingers crossed).
A celebrated Broadway composer, who has suffered from long Covid for two years, is reclaiming his old life, breath by breath.
Well, we did EVERYTHING right. We wore masks, we ate all our meals with friends outdoors, we got vaccinated twice and then boosted. We made it just about two years without getting infected. We got the virus skiing in Park City in January 2022, where we again did everything outdoors and wore our masks indoors. It was a super frustrating experience to have played by the rules and still gotten sick. That experience definitely makes us feel more willing to live life a little bit more, because not doing so didnt really pay the expected dividends.
Ilene Winters, West Dover, Vt.
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Email your thoughts to briefing@nytimes.com.
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