Daily Archives: February 1, 2022

Elusys Therapeutics Finalizes HHS Contract to Deliver ANTHIM, Its Treatment for Inhalation Anthrax, to the US Department of Health and Human Services…

Posted: February 1, 2022 at 2:10 am

Completed first phase of contract for $50 million; HHS options to procure up to $31 million of ANTHIM by the first half of 2023

Reaffirms ANTHIM as an important medical countermeasure in the U.S. governments strategy to maintain sufficient quantities of anthrax anti-toxin to effectively respond to an anthrax emergency

PARSIPPANY, N.J., Jan. 31, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. (Elusys) announced today that it has finalized a contract with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for the continued supply of ANTHIM (obiltoxaximab), an anthrax antitoxin, for use against a potential anthrax attack.

Elusys is pleased to continue its successful track record of supplying a critical medicine to treat the deadly effects of anthrax exposure, said Elizabeth Posillico, president and chief executive officer of Elusys. ANTHIM is a key therapeutic in the U.S. governments preparedness strategy to protect the U.S. population against natural and man-made biothreats.

The contract for the procurement of ANTHIM consists of a base period of performance, valued at $50 million, which has been fulfilled. The contract includes options valued up to $31 million. If all options are exercised, the total contract value will be $80,864,000 with completion of the contract expected by the first half of 2023. Contract 75A50121C00073 is funded by HHS ASPR.

As previously announced, Elusys has executed a definitive merger agreement with Heat Biologics, Inc. (NASDAQ: HTBX), pursuant to which Elusys will merge into a wholly owned subsidiary of Heat. The acquisition is expected to close during the first quarter of 2022 and is subject to customary closing conditions.

About ANTHIMANTHIM is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin. ANTHIMs toxin neutralizing activity prevents entry of anthrax toxin into susceptible cells, avoiding further spread of the toxin throughout the body and the ensuing tissue damage that leads to death. ANTHIM is supplied as single-dose vials for IV infusion.

ANTHIM is indicated in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of inhalational anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs, and for prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not available or are not appropriate. ANTHIM should only be used for prophylaxis when its benefit for prevention of inhalational anthrax outweighs the risk of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. The effectiveness of ANTHIM is based solely on efficacy studies in animal models of inhalational anthrax. There have been no studies of the safety or pharmacokinetics (PK) of ANTHIM in the pediatric population. Dosing in pediatric patients was derived using a population PK approach. ANTHIM does not have direct antibacterial activity. ANTHIM should be used in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs. ANTHIM is not expected to cross the blood-brain barrier and does not prevent or treat meningitis.

Anthrax is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Cases of inhalational anthrax in humans can occur through intentional spread of B. anthracis spores as a biowarfare or bioterrorism agent. B. anthracis spores introduced through the lungs lead to inhalational anthrax, which is deadly in humans.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Including BOXED WARNING

WARNING: HYPERSENSITIVITY and ANAPHYLAXISHypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported during ANTHIM infusion. ANTHIM should be administered in monitored settings by personnel trained and equipped to manage anaphylaxis. Stop ANTHIM infusion immediately and treat appropriately if hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis occurs.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSHypersensitivity and anaphylaxis have been reported during the IV infusion of ANTHIM. Due to the risk of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, ANTHIM should be administered in monitored settings by personnel trained and equipped to manage anaphylaxis. Monitor individuals who receive ANTHIM closely for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions throughout the infusion and for a period of time after administration. Stop ANTHIM infusion immediately and treat appropriately if hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis occurs. Pre-medication with diphenhydramine is recommended prior to administration of ANTHIM. Diphenhydramine pre-medication does not prevent anaphylaxis and may mask or delay onset of symptoms of hypersensitivity.

ADVERSE REACTIONS The safety of ANTHIM has been studied only in healthy volunteers. It has not been studied in patients with inhalational anthrax. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were headache, pruritus, infections of the upper respiratory tract, cough, vessel puncture site bruise, infusion site swelling, urticaria, nasal congestion, infusion site pain, and pain in extremity.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONSPediatric Use: There have been no studies of the safety or PK of ANTHIM in the pediatric population.

To see the complete prescribing information for ANTHIM, click here.

About Elusys Therapeutics Elusys, based in Parsippany, NJ, is focused on the development of antibody therapeutics for the treatment of infectious disease. ANTHIM(obiltoxaximab) Injection, the companys monoclonal antibody (mAb) anthrax antitoxin, received market clearance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2016. In July 2020, Health Canada approved ANTHIMs New Drug Submission (NDS) for the treatment of inhalation anthrax. ANTHIM has also received marketing approved in the E.U. and the U.K., under the trade name of Obiltoxaximab SFL. For more information, please visitwww.elusys.com.

CONTACT: Elizabeth PosillicoElusys Therapeutics, Inc.t: 973.808.0222e: eposillico@elusys.com

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Elusys Therapeutics Finalizes HHS Contract to Deliver ANTHIM, Its Treatment for Inhalation Anthrax, to the US Department of Health and Human Services...

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Plant-Based Psychosis Inducing Alternative Mental Health Treatments Introduced by The Happy Therapist Sonia Singh – Digital Journal

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The pandemic triggered the rise of mental health cases all around the world. It has been one of the most pressing concerns in the medical field, which is why experts have been trying to discover alternative and effective ways to treat mental healtha field where Sonia Singh is an expert.

Sonia Singh, LCSW, LCADC, popularly recognized by her trademarked name, The Happy Therapist, is a psychotherapist, as well as the founder of the Center of Inner Transformations, an alternative mental health and substance use treatment agency and wellness center that provides unique programming and services that address various psychological, emotional, and wellness needs. One of the Center of Inner Transformations premier programs includes the use of herbal and plant-based medications, also integrative evidence-based practices that have been researched, studied, and tested to be effective alternative solutions to treating mental health. Many of Ms. Sonia Singhs treatment methods are drawn from both modern and ancient, natural and holistic interventions that assist her clients in healing themselves with realistic and sustainable coping tools.

Plant-based health solutions and naturopathic healing has become a trend in recent years. Because of the rise of plant-based available foods and the advancement of public awareness campaigns about the long-term, harmful physiological effects of pharmaceutical medicines, people are more conscious of what they are consuming and how this affects their health. Traditional mental health treatments are very outdated and ineffective. Most mental health providers, me included, were initially trained with a strong foundation in modern, traditional mental health theories and treatment interventions. Much of which incorporates the use of pharmaceutical psycho-tropic medications, medication management, and related counseling. However, everything that a clinician learns after that traditional and ordinary training to help their clients overcome the issues that they present during their treatment is up to the perspectives of that clinician. Ive taken the path of focusing on what I call real wellness. This incorporates the use of natural elements and holistic mind, body, and spirit interventions to aid the mental and emotional healing process, says Ms. Sonia Singh, The Happy Therapist. People want long-term solutions. They want to change and transform their situations. They dont want to place a temporary band aid on their issues. They want real long-term change and they want to feel better.

Sonia Singh has focused the development of the Center of Inner Transformations to be a leader in alternative therapies, by including the use of plant-based medicines, supplements, and specific natural foods, plants and herbs, some of which may cause mild states of psychosis or euphoria. For certain mental health patients, primarily those people who struggle with a history of severe trauma or debilitating anxiety, natural alternatives are more desirable. They produce less to no negative long-term effects when used at an adult stage in life. The effects of a plant-based treatment protocol better corresponds with our bodies internal systems like a lock and key to aid healing. When we use natural elements from the earth as a part of our path to curing our health issues, we are giving ourselves life to live, Ms. Sonia Singh passionately states. My alternative programming provides choices. My clients choose which mind-altering substance they want to incorporate as a part of their treatment. Whether a psycho-tropic pharmaceutical medication or a plant-based medicine, supplement or wellness plan. They choose. The Center of Inner Transformations provides mental health interventions that may incorporate wellness treatment planning that focuses on harm reduction while combining holistic intervention and plant-based foods and medicines.

Ms. Sonia Singh is first-generation American-Punjabi, New York City native, and New Jersey resident who began her psychotherapeutic career in New Jersey close to her Alma Mater at Rutgers University. She directs several psychological and addiction treatment programs and has developed a line of wellness products and services that support her agencys mission to incorporate nature and holistic based treatment options.

The Center of Inner Transformations is a leading alternative mental health and substance use treatment agency that aims to address the opioid epidemic by influencing a culture that addresses their mental health concerns with naturopathic, holistic and safe treatment methods.

Media ContactCompany Name: Center of Inner TransformationsContact Person: Sonia SinghEmail: Send EmailPhone: (732) 508-0052Country: United StatesWebsite: http://www.centerofinnertransformations.com

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High blood pressure: The tiny bean which relaxes blood vessels to help lower hypertension – Express

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A high blood pressure diet does not have to entail eating bland foods. Turning to Eastern culture, scientists have discovered a powerful bean which reduces the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that constricts blood vessels resulting in high blood pressure.

Mung beans are tiny, oval-shaped beans are available in several forms, with the peeled version popular in Indian dishes, and the processed version of bean sprouts and starch noodles more common in Asian cuisine.

In a study published in the journal Human and Experimental Toxicology, scientists discovered that mung beans are highly effective at inhibiting LDL oxidation due to their potent free-radical scavenging properties.

The versatile mung bean has also been shown to target another significant cardiovascular disease risk factor in high blood pressure.

Hypertensive rats supplemented with mung bean sprout extracts for one month experienced significant reductions in systolic blood pressure.

Mung beans have a high concentration of phenols and protein fragments called peptides which help to reduce the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that constricts blood vessels resulting in high blood pressure.

Recent studies involving 58,000 men and women aged 40-79 found that those with the lowest intakes of dietary magnesium had a 51 percent increased risk of heart disease mortality compared to those with the highest intakes.

Mung beans significantly improve magnesium levels and help to prevent heart attacks and damaging strokes.

Other studies highlight the benefits of mung beans for both hypertension and LDL cholesterol reduction.

Another study reported in the journal BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine showed that mung beans suppress the growth of liver and highly aggressive cervical cancer lines.

This was done through multiple mechanisms, including cytotoxicity, inducing anti-cancer cytokines, halting cancer cell cycle, and triggering apoptosis.

These beneficial modes of action might be responsible for mung beans protection against other cancers as well.

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Billionaire Jeff Bezos is Planning a Startup That Aims to Defeat Death, and It’s Hiring! – iTech Post

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The search for immortality takes one step forward thanks to Jeff Bezos. The billionaire invested some of his wealth in an anti-aging startup group that recently assembled a team of top scientists from all over the world.

According to Financial Times, there is a lot of high expectations pinned to Altos Labs because it is envisioned to overcome death with its research in anti-aging technology. However, Altos Labs emphasized that their focus is to improve healthspan, and longevity would simply be "an accidental consequence."

Financial Times noted that Alto Labs aims to investigate how to rejuvenate cells under pressure from environmental stresses. Their research includes cells affected by genetic abnormalities, injuries, and aging. The team hypothesized that by "reprogramming cells," they could find the medicine that can cure all types of diseases.

The whole idea seems like an impossible mission straight out of a science fiction story. However, many notable figures are actually investing in this massive project.

Read Also: Russian Forces and Belarus Railway Get Disrupted: Pro-Democracy Hacktivist Group Claim the Ransomware Attack

According to The Byte,Altos Lab formally launched on Wednesday. Jeff Bezos, the previous president and CEO of Amazon, is revealed as one of the top investors in the startup. The Russian-Israeli billionaire Yuri Milner, who is interested in anti-aging technologies, was also recorded as an investor. Overall, Altos Labs reportedly amassed more than $3 billion in funding at launch.

It is also worth noting that Altos Labs features a powerful team of scientists and researchers. Hal Barron, the former chief scientific officer in the pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline, is currently the Altos Labs' CEO.

Barron is joined by Jennifer Doudna, the co-winner of the 2020 Nobel prize in chemistry for her role in developing the gene-editing tool CRISPR, and Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, the winner of the 2012 Nobel prize in medicine for his work in stem cell research.

There is undoubtedly a lot of potential in the growing Altos Labs, with its mission is already appealing to some of the top investors in the world. However, it is hard to determine whether the team could successfully execute their mission or not. More updates on the Altos Labs might be available later this year.

On a different topic, readers might also be interested in Neurotechnology. The company Neuralink was recently rumored to be progressing with its human trial and tests.

The rumor started because Neuralink opened a job posting for a clinical trial director. Its description said the director would interact with "trial participants" and work together with regulatory offices.

The lack of evidence makes it hard to determine whether Neuralink already had its "trial participant" ready or if they are still searching for volunteers. Regardless, their job posting indicates the company is moving in that direction. Full details for their human trials are available in this article. Related Article: NASA Hubble Image Shows Black Hole Giving Birth to Stars: How Did It Happen?

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Crash Landing on You to Nevertheless, must watch K-Dramas to enjoy this Korean New Year (Seollal) – India TV News

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Image Source : NETFLIX

must watch K Dramas

In love with most things Korean and cant get enough of K-dramas? As the world celebrates Korean New Year (Seollal) Day, settle in with a steaming hot bowl of Ramen (noodle soup) and banana milk, a warm, comfy blanket, and pick your favourites from this irresistible list of the best Korean dramas on Netflix. From swooning over Han So Hee in My Name to Hyun Bin in Crash Landing on You, these Korean series will keep you at the edge of your seat, melting your hearts and everything in between.

Take a paragliding trip right into North Korean territory with Yoon Se-Ri (Son Ye-Jin) as she gets swept up by a wind storm and crash lands right into the hands of a North Korean military officer, Ri Jeong-Hyeok (Hyun Bin), starting off an oddly-matched love story between the two. Watch them untangle their web of lies trying to get the beautiful heiress back to her rightful place.

After the untimely murder of her father, Jiwoo (Han So Hee) is clouded with a thirst for vengeance, putting all her faith and trust into a powerful crime bosss hand and entering the force under his direction. Hold on to your seat, as she joins a crime ring and becomes an undercover police officer to get to the truth behind her fathers death.

An unlikely romance between two people, Neverthless takes you through the lives of Park-Jae-Eon (Song Kang) and Yu-Na-Bis (Han So Hee) who are attracted to each other but sceptical about love, owing to past relationships. Stand back and enjoy as flirtatious Park-Jae-Eon serenades his way into a heartbroken Yu-Na-Bis heart, and wrestles between putting their differences apart or committing to a relationship.

Have you ever thought of the possibility of a parallel universe? Korean Emperor LeeGon(Lee Min-Ho) seeks to seal the gateway between dimensions, while JungTae-Eul(KimGo-Eun), a detective, races against time and parallel universes in hopes to protect the people and the one she loves.

Ever wondered what it's like to be a part of the Mafia? Vincenzo Cassano (Song Joong - Ki), a Korean-Italian mafia lawyer and consigliere, takes you on a trip to his motherland to give a conglomerate a taste of its own medicine with a side of justice,

A road to emotional healing opens up for a children's book author, Ko Moon-Young (Seo Yea-Ji), rumoured to have an antisocial personality disorder, and a selfless employee in a psychiatric hospital, Gang-Tae (Kim Soo-Hyun). Watch as a romantic obsession for him forces her to follow him to Seongjin, where they slowly begin to heal each other's emotional wounds, unravel secrets, seek comfort from each other and move forward in their lives.

The life of a big city dentist Yoon HyeJin (Shin MinA) is intertwined with the polar opposite charming jack-of-all-trades, handyman Hong DuSik (Kim SeonHo) when she decides to move to a close-knit seaside village. Observe as their paths cross over several times and they develop a liking for each other, with Du-sik constantly playing the knight to put Hye-jin out of her misery.

This coming-of-age rom-com takes you on a round-trip of two former high school lovers, Choi Woong (Choi Woo-Shik) and Kook Yeon-Soo (Kim Da-Mi), who are forced to come together again when a documentary they shot ten years ago in high school goes viral. This pulls them right back in front of the camera and into each other's lives.

Dive into the world of start-up companies with bright and ambitious Seo Dal Mi (Bae Suzy) who dreams of becoming Korea's own Steve Jobs, and Nam Do-San (Nam Joo-Hyuk), a maths genius/genius savant. Get ready to have your heart melted as an unlikely love triangle unravels itself between a man who is secretly her first love and another man who is pretending to be her first love as they conquer the entrepreneurial world.

Have you been obsessed with zombie apocalypse films and series lately? After an unexpected family tragedy, high school student Cha Hyun-Soo(Song Kang) moves into a new apartment where he faces bizarre and shocking circumstances. As humans turn into savage monsters, one troubled teenager and his neighbours fight to survive and hold onto their humanity.

Why should we end our list at just ten shows? Here are two bonus recommendations of classics and masterpieces you just simply cannot miss:

One of the biggest Netflix shows of all time, Squid Game recently took over the entire world. A series revolving around a deadly game show, where each episode leaves you with a lump in your throat, and a stellar cast that gives you goosebumps. If you havent watched this show yet, you are definitely missing out on some brilliant Korean storytelling.

Kim Shin(Gong Yoo), an immortal guardian of souls and a decorated military general from the Goryeo Dynasty, is in search of a human bride to end his immortality and set him free from an invisible sword wedged in his chest, ending his life. One day, school student Ji Eun-Tak(Kim-Go-Eun) confesses to him that she is the chosen one. Let's take an age-old quest with him, a grim reaper and a sprightly student with a tragic past as they unveil a treasure trove of secrets along their path.

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Disturbing Breeder Makes a Powerful Argument for Reproductive Rights [Review] – Dread Central

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Breeder is not for the faint of heart. The Danish film from director Jens Dahl and writerSissel Dalsgaard Thomsen follows the nefarious Dr. Ruben (Signe Egholm Olsen), a woman obsessed with reversing the aging process for her wealthy male clients. Her research involves kidnapping and impregnating women, then using the stem cells she harvests from the births. Though investor Thomas (Anders Heinrichsen) has misgivings about her methods, hes willing to look the other way until his wife Mia (Sara Hjort Ditlevsen) becomes one of the subjects. Finally deciding to act, he attempts to help his wife escape Dr. Rubens factory basement of horrors. But first, they must battle her psychopathic henchmen, the Pig (Jens Andersen) and the Dog (Morten Holst), along with the doctor herself who will stop at nothing to protect the promise of wealth, esteem, and immortality.

Devastating and cruel, Breeder is a rough watch and will likely be triggering for survivors of sexual assault, abortion, miscarriage, and the struggle to conceive. But through the atrocities Breeder depicts, Dahl makes a powerful statement about the importance of reproductive freedom and the lengths women must go for bodily autonomy.

Breeder is not subtle and Dahl does not pull any punches. The atrocities these women suffer are horrific. Brutal depictions of physical assault, bondage, torture, and rape are hard to stomach, as are images of crude birth and discarded bodies. But Dahl is honest in depicting the realities of birth and conception. He doesnt shy away from telling the truth even though it may be upsetting to watch. While carefully riding the line between portrayal and exploitation, Breeder is likely to be controversial and will definitely rub some viewers the wrong way. But one might argue that it is our patriarchal society actually exploiting women. Dahl is merely shining a bright light on a horrific reality and refusing to look away from the excruciating details.

However brutal his imagery, Dahl should also be praised for his unvarnished depiction of more healthy aspects of the female experience, namely breastfeeding and kink. Nursing is presented as a natural bodily function rather than an offensive act to be performed in secret shame. While many scenes revolve around the Dogs violent misogyny, Breeder also contains a scene of female masturbation and hints of consensual BDSM. Its a nuanced look at sex noting that its not the often taboo acts themselves that are the problem, but the intention behind them. There is a world of difference between consensual bondage designed for pleasure and restraint for the purpose of torture and control.

Breeders most obvious social commentary lies in its depiction of the physical and emotional harm caused by forcing women to carry unwanted pregnancies to term. The women kept captive in Dr. Rubens basement are reduced to their wombs, literally referred to as ovaries that can be bought and sold. They wait in cages and watch their bellies grow larger, preparing for a birth that may end up costing them their lives. Though an imperfect metaphor, the torture these women endure as they prepare to give birth can be equated with the experience of watching your body change by carrying an unwanted pregnancy for 40 weeks. Helpless to stop the transformative process, the relentless clock ticks toward a birth that will plunge the mother into an unknown future.

In a more overt metaphor, Breeder reveals the hypocrisy in the so-called pro-life movement, arguing that it is merely pro-birth. Dr. Ruben cares not for the children she is creating. She rips them away from their mothers minutes after birth and casts them aside as soon as their cellular purpose has been fulfilled. She forces these births because they allow her to amass her own personal power and wealth. Here she is similar to politicians who pass laws stripping away bodily autonomy designed to limit womens options and keep them in positions of subservience. A prisoner to their wombs, women without access to reproductive care are denied accommodations that would empower them to live lives of their own choosing.

Though the Pig and the Dog represent misogynistic men more than willing to reap the benefits of an oppressive system, the films more insidious villain is Dr. Ruben. She has sold out her gender for the power that comes from upholding the dominance of men. She is creating drugs that reverse the aging process thus allowing these billionaires to hold onto the wealth and authority theyve amassed on the backs of others. They will reign in perpetuity, never cycling out of society through generational change. She is assisting them in maintaining their stranglehold on the rest of civilization by allowing them to subvert the only true societal equalizer: time.

Dr. Ruben is an extreme example of a particular type of woman found in every powerful aspect of society; a crucial cog in the wheel of gender-based oppression. Having internalized the belief that she will never be worthy of power equal to that of a man, she attempts to climb as high on the patriarchal ladder as possible by making herself valuable to men. Dr. Rubens research is also a mirror of western medicine, developed with a white cisgender male in mind and only occasionally interested in studying other types of bodies.

The only woman she seeks to help is herself, searching for a way to extend female life so that she, too, can benefit from her wonder drug. This insidious goal reveals her understanding of the oppressive hierarchy she feeds. Knowing that society values women based on their youth and vitality, she seeks to extend her window of usefulness and desirability for as long as possible.

And what of Thomas? While his intentions are arguably good, he supports a system he knows to be exploitative. Hes been looking the other way and failed to inquire about practices he feels uncomfortable with because they benefit him personally. He represents all the men who bemoan the loss of reproductive rights knowing their own bodies are safe. Only when Dr. Rubens experiments threaten someone he loves is Thomas motivated to act. Though Mia is a relatable protagonist, her rescue highlights an unfortunate truth.

So often oppressive systems are allowed to continue in the shadows. Theyre only exposed when a member of the wealthy or powerful class is affected. Conversely, Thomass turn could be used as an object lesson for the importance of powerful people using their privilege to protect those who do not have any. He is a controversial figure in the film, but one we see every day in reality.

Though Breeder reveals many devastating truths, its power lies in Dahs unflinching but compassionate depiction of the women at its core. Held in dehumanizing conditions, they suffer horrific torture. They are treated as mindless vessels to create children, an echo of recent statements made on the floor of the US Congress in another attempt to overturn Roe v Wade.

A blunt comparison at the beginning of the film shows a horse in a stall, kept in confinement and brought out to fulfill his masters intentions regardless of his own will. But another comparison could be made to the immigrants and refugees held in cages at the US border. Separated from their children, many women have been denied medical care including abortions that would force them to carry unwanted pregnancies to term. Considered less than human because of where they were born, they are quickly discarded when their existence becomes inconvenient for the dominant culture.

Breeders conclusion is both brutal and cathartic, filled with affecting imagery and moving cinematic moments. But it is also representative of reality. We wont topple the patriarchy within our lifetimes and sometimes the victories only serve to reveal more pain. Breeders final act is simultaneously empowering and a cruel reminder that one villains defeat will not erase centuries of oppression. Its not enough to simply remove the oppressors from power; we must confront the system that allowed the oppression to continue unchallenged. Dahl also effectively shows the lingering trauma caused by prolonged abuse and sexual assault. Though the abuser may be gone, the pain remains. Its only in supporting each other that collective healing is possible. While Breeder is certain to be controversial, it is a heart-wrenching and terrifying film made all the more powerful because of its haunting plausibility and echoes of the society we currently live in.

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The Deadly Dream of Human+ Look at the Price Tag – Walter Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial Intelligence

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Recently, Elon Musk announced progress toward clinical trials of a brain implant which he believes will allow paralyzed people to control technology with their thoughts. For those who call themselves transhumanists, this potential breakthrough is more than a tool to help the disabled. For transhumanists, Musks technology offers hope that someday humanity will evolve beyond the limits of our frail bodies and become Human+. Two decades ago, Kevin Warwick expressed his dream of transcending humanity this way:

I WAS BORN human.

This was merely due to the hand of fate acting at a particular place and time. But while fate made me human, it also gave me the power to do something about it. The ability to change myself, to upgrade my human form, with the aid of technology. To become cyborgpart human, part machine. This is the extraordinary story of my adventure as the first human entering into a Cyber World; a world which will, most likely, become the next evolutionary step for humankind.

But will this dream of Human+ end in nightmare? If we accept neo-Darwinian biology as the unimpeachable starting point for defining human personhood, transhumanists like Warwick are committed to some form of the following argument:

Premise 1: Evolving biological systems are the natural explanation for human personhood

Premise 2: Evolving biological systems are indeterminate

Premise 3: All emergent properties (mind, consciousness, soul, etc.) are contingent on the evolving biological system

Premise 4: Any emergent property that is contingent on an indeterminate biological system is itself indeterminate

Premise 5: Human personhood is a contingent property of the human body

Conclusion: Therefore, human personhood is indeterminate

In premises 1 through 5, human personhood is taken as a contingent property tied to the process of evolution. If these premises are sound, then the definition of human person can freely evolve with each new phase in the transhumanist program of self-enhancement.

The moral implications are significant. Without a fixed and final definition of human personhood, there is no foundation for a fixed and final ethic of human rights. After all, writes Michael Tennison, arguments for the moral impermissibility of enhancement fail when morality itself is the capacity to be enhanced.1 Tennisons admission may be jarring, but transhumanists consider the evolution of morality as a strength not a limitation of their mission.

Given the transhumanist argument that morality is contingent on evolutionary progress, it is easy to see how the Hippocratic Oath taken by doctors to do no harm becomes nothing more than a positive spin on death. Why should doctors try to save every human or limit experiments on people who will die anyway? If the greater good of immortality is the goal, then isnt it better if society takes advantage of the sick and disabled so that the rest of us can transcend the limits of our humanity?

Transhumanist advocate John Harris is aware of and unmoved by the potential for abuse. For Harris, society should not make a fetish of a particular evolutionary stage of human development.2 The anti-transhumanist ethic that limits experiments, argues Harris, is nothing more than a distraction from the higher moral obligation of society to rise above this current iteration of humanity. Therefore, the risk that a few people may be harmed, suffer, or die during human trials is outweighed by the transhumanist perception of a greater social good that advances the species.

The indeterminate nature of human personhood embraced by transhumanists underscores the need for a stable trans-cultural and trans-political ethic that protects the inalienable rights and sacred worth of the most vulnerable among us.

Consider this: What if humanness is not contingent on the natural process of evolution? What if premise 3 is wrong and humanness is contingent on the unchanging nature of the God who designed us? If human personhood itself transcends nature, then the foundation for protecting the rights endowed by our Creator remain outside societal standards and outside nature. No longer is Human+ the greater good; rather, the preservation of each human person becomes the highest immutable good. That said, the moral imperative to protect every life regardless of disability, genetic differences, or social distinctions such as race is not a barrier to exploring new biotechnologies that might help the disabled, But it does change our methods and our goal. If human personhood is contingent on God, then the pursuit of new technology is not for making us Human+, but to help us experience the fullness of the humanness that already exists within.

Notes

1 Michael N. Tennison, Moral Transhumanism: The Next Step, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, no. 4 (2012): 410.

2 John Harris, Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 16.

Bibliography

Harris, John. Enhancing Evolution : The Ethical Case for Making Better People. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

Tennison, Michael N. Moral Transhumanism: The Next Step. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, no. 4 (2012): 405.

Warwick, Kevin. I, Cyborg 1st Illinois pbk. ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004.

You may also wish to read: Is transhumanism really a form of liberation? The central transhumanist doctrine is that the body can be dispensed with. What are the consequences? Post Millennial editor Libby Emmons asks, what horrors will we inflict on others if we have forgotten what it means to inflict pain and to suffer?

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Eugenics, transhumanism, and artificial intelligence If we were to succeed at creating an ethical decision-making AI, whose ethics would it abide by? The utilitarian goal of a sustainable future must be guided by a higher ethic in order to avoid grave mistakes of the past. (J. R. Miller)

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The Deadly Dream of Human+ Look at the Price Tag - Walter Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial Intelligence

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