Daily Archives: January 19, 2022

Scientists Are Testing a Vaccine to Treat Opioid Addiction – Futurism

Posted: January 19, 2022 at 11:55 am

Researchers are thinking outside the box to fight the opioid epidemic and it might even result in a vaccination to treat addiction.

Scientists are developing a vaccine that targets oxycodone addiction, CBS News reports. The team is currently testing the experimental drugs on volunteers with substance abuse disorders.

The way the vaccine works in theory is simple: it prevents the oxycodone from stimulating the pleasure centers of the brain. If users dont feel better after taking a drug,the idea goes, theyre less likely to use it.

The idea behind the vaccine is that after a while, the body will produce an antibody to that particular chemical structure, Sandra Comer, professor of neurobiology at Columbia University, told the broadcaster. If somebody uses oxycodone, the antibody will bind to that molecule and it wont allow it to get into the brain.

Comer and her research partner Marco Pravetoni, an associate professor of pharmacology and medicine at the University of Minnesota, hope that the drug will cut down the relapse rate from medically-assisted addiction treatments.

Currently, the relapse rate for such treatments is roughly 50 percent, according to Comer.

If they relapse, the vaccine hopefully will provide still some level of protection, at least against overdose, she told CBS. And maybe an opportunity for us to re-engage them in treatment.

The team hopes to build off of the research in potential future treatments for other opioids such as heroin and fentanyl.

While not a cure per se, the experimental vaccine does offer some hope as the US continues to reckon with a grim opioid crisis. More than 800,000 Americans have died from drug overdoses in the past two decades, with 73 percent percent of those deaths caused by opioids, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Its still in its early stages, but a vaccine that could help treat addictions while cutting overdoses down would be gamechanging and could end up saving a lot of lives.

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

Read the original here:
Scientists Are Testing a Vaccine to Treat Opioid Addiction - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Scientists Are Testing a Vaccine to Treat Opioid Addiction – Futurism

In Proof That Irony Is Dead, People are Trying to Make Beanie Babies NFTs – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

"Theres a lot of parallels between whats going on with NFTs now versus Beanie mania in the 90s."Beanie Craze

Remember the Beanie Babies craze of the 90s, when people thought their plushstuffed animals would appreciate in value and make them millionaires?

As it turns out, collectors are still going nuts over the little animals, but this time, some are hoping to turn them into NFTs.

Its history repeating itself, in other words: a flourishing market of gimmicky toys maturing into,well,its logical 21st century conclusion.

The parallels between the two phenomena hasnt gone over the heads of collectors.

Theres a lot of parallels between whats going on with NFTs now versus Beanie mania in the 90s, Beanie Babies collector Arthur Suszko, who is trying to create Beanie Babies NFTs, told Vox.

With that amazing insight, Suszko is in the process of setting up a company that would allow people to buy the ownership rights over physical Beanie Babies in the form of an NFT.

Its a merger of my childhood dreams and modern passions coming together, he told the publication.

The 90s Beanie Babies craze may still be alive today, but its a mere shadow of what it once was. While some stuffed toys that used to retail for $5 are still being bought for over $1,000 according to Vox, the plushies are simply not changing hands very much these days.

Worse yet, Beanie Babies scams are around every corner on the internet. To anybody following the NFT saga, that should sound pretty familiar.

Will Suszkos NFT marketplace experience the same fate? Even he isnt exactly convinced theres a bright future ahead for the digital tokens.

Nobodys going to care about random jpegs that might be selling for hundreds of thousands of dollars right now, he told Vox.

READ MORE: After the Beanie Baby bubble burst [Vox]

More on NFTs: Startup Will Store Precious Artifacts in Vault Aboard the International Space Station

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

More here:
In Proof That Irony Is Dead, People are Trying to Make Beanie Babies NFTs - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on In Proof That Irony Is Dead, People are Trying to Make Beanie Babies NFTs – Futurism

Space Is Wreaking Havoc on Astronauts’ Blood – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

Image by Getty / Futurism

One adaption astronauts bodies make during trips into space is giving them space anemia when they return to Earth, a new study in the journal Nature found. Essentially, astronauts bodies are destroying their own blood at higher rates, and dont seem to stop once they get back home, which could have major implications for longer-term space travel in the future.

As humankind plans extraterrestrial travel, understanding the health implications of living in space will be critical to planning safe journeys, wrote the studys authors from the University of Ottawa. Anemia in astronauts has been noted since the first space missions, but the mechanisms contributing to anemia in space flight have remained unclear.

Space anemia is one of a suite of issues astronauts face, and NASA even has a name for it: RIDGE stands for Space Radiation, Isolation and Confinement, Distancefrom Earth,Gravityfields, and Hostile/Closed Environments,and describes the most common physical and mental problems explorers run into off world.

Lower gravity in space also causes a loss in bone density, and authors of the study think this may be connected to space anemia as well.

Hemolysis, according to Britannica, is the breakdown or destruction of red blood cells so that the contained oxygen-carrying hemoglobin is freed. According to the study, hemolysis happens in four parts of the body: bone marrow, blood vessels, liver, or spleen. Of these four, researcher Guy Trudel, a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Ottawa Hospital and a researcher at the University of Ottawa, thinks that bone marrow or the spleen are probably the problem areas, and wants his team to continue researching.

What causes the anemia is the hemolysis, but what causes the hemolysis is the next step, Trudel told Ars Technica. Theres a knowledge gap for longer missions, for one-year missions, or missions to the Moon or Mars or other bodies.

More on astronaut problems: NASA Says Its Running Out of Astronauts

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

Go here to read the rest:
Space Is Wreaking Havoc on Astronauts' Blood - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Space Is Wreaking Havoc on Astronauts’ Blood – Futurism

COVID Test Startup Accused of Telling Every Single Person They Were Negative – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

Image by Marco Verch via Flickr/Futurism

A chain of Chicago-based COVID-19 testing site chain with the official-sounding name ofthe Center for COVID Control has reportedly told every single customer that they are negative for the coronavirus,according to local news publication Block Club Chicago.

Federal agencies, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Illinois Department of Public Health, are now investigating the company, which operates 300 locations nationwide forcing it to shut its doors temporarily under the pressure.

The Better Business Bureau is also looking into complaints, and has given the company its lowest possible rating: an F.

If the allegations hold up, its an incredibly troubling example of individuals taking advantage of a huge amount of federal funds being poured into COVID testing nationwide.

Regrettably, due to our rapid growth and the unprecedented recent demand for testing, we havent been able to meet all our commitments, CEO Aleya Siyaj said in a remarkable understatement obtained by Block Club Chicago.

Weve made this difficult decision to temporarily pause all operations, until we are confident that all collection sites are meeting our high standards for quality, she continued.

According to Block Club Chicago, people going to the companys various sites have reported that they tested negative only to find out they were positive through a different test elsewhere. Others said they got their results far too late to be useful.

Many customers were emailed a QR code that took them to a website that appeared to tell every single visitor that they had tested negative.

Meanwhile, Siyajs husband Akbar Syed,who before the pandemic had been an entrepreneur of we kid you not axe throwing facilities,started posting on social media about his brand new luxury sports car, paid for using what he called COVID money, the publication reports.

My axe throwing lounges were forced shut by the gov due to COVID, Syed wrote in a comment of an August 17 post on TikTok. The account has since been taken down.

About three weeks ago, we decided we were gonna stop PCR testing because of just the overwhelming amount of tests that were coming in, Syed said in a January 6 YouTube video.

Again, the video was taken down, according to Block Club Chicago.

The Center for COVID Control evidently didnt have enough resources to deal with the onslaught of testing. Inspectors found that many tubes of samples were not labeled at all or were missing entirely.

Was it all a massive government reimbursement scam, absorbing federal funds to carry out testing? Thats looking increasingly likely in light of this report.

READ MORE: COVID-19 Testing Chain Opened Pop-Ups Across The US. Now, Its Temporarily Closing Amid Federal Investigation And Mounting Complaints [Block Club Chicago]

More on COVID-19: A Disastrous Collision Between COVID and HIV May Have Caused the Omicron Variant

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

See original here:
COVID Test Startup Accused of Telling Every Single Person They Were Negative - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on COVID Test Startup Accused of Telling Every Single Person They Were Negative – Futurism

Airlines Warn That New 5G Tech Could Mess Up Planes’ Ability to Fly Safely – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

"To be blunt, the nations commerce will grind to a halt."Grinding to a Halt

US airlines are warning that cutting edge 5G technologies could force the industry to its knees, The Guardian reports and it has nothing to do with bogus 5G conspiracy theories.

The reasoning: the C-Band 5G techthat the telecom industry is eager to push out to airports could interfere with various airplane instruments including radio altimeters, equipment that tells the airplane how high its flying in low-visibility conditions.

This means that on a day like yesterday, more than 1,100 flights and 100,000 passengers would be subjected to cancellations, diversions or delays, reads a public letter, sent to the White House and signed by a number of US airline CEOs as well as UPS and FedEx.

To be blunt, the nations commerce will grind to a halt, they warned.

The White House recently reached an agreement with AT&T and Verizon to roll out the technology at a select number of airports as part of a test.

It was a highly contentious issue that had more than just airline execs worried. Less than a day after the letter went out, the two carriers announced that theyll delay the rollout over to the concerns, The New York Times is now reporting.

Thats on top of delays that had already pushed the rollout from December to early this month.

To be very clear, were incredibly disappointed that we are at this point, that the entire US airline industry is facing major disruption as new wireless technology is activated, American Airlines CEO David Seymour wrote in a letter to staff, as obtained by the Times. The two should be able to coexist, but that only comes with better understanding of potential impacts.

Telecom industry players have downplayed concerns, arguing the technology was already being safely used in parts of Europe. But opponents were quick to point out that 5G networks were implemented differently there.

READ MORE: AT&T and Verizon will change their 5G plans after airlines warn of flight chaos. [The New York Times]

More on 5G: Experts: Stop Wearing Radioactive Anti-5G Necklaces, Idiots

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

Read this article:
Airlines Warn That New 5G Tech Could Mess Up Planes' Ability to Fly Safely - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Airlines Warn That New 5G Tech Could Mess Up Planes’ Ability to Fly Safely – Futurism

Guy Who Shamelessly Ripped Off Beloved Word Game Issues Apology – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

"I realize I crossed a line."Crossed a Line

Wordle, a beloved word-guessing game that skyrocketed in popularity this month, was almost immediately ripped off for profit by a different developer named Zach Shakked.

But huge backlash led to Apple removing the clone from its App Store. And now, Shakked has issued a public apology.

I realize I crossed a line, he wrote in a lengthy tweet thread today. And I surely, surely will never do anything remotely close to this again. I fucked up.

The original game, a web-based game created by Josh Wardle, saw an explosion in new users after it went viral on social media earlier this month. Wardles game even got its own writeup in The New York Times.

Shakkeds ripoff was more or less the exact same game but unlike Wordle, which is only accessible via an ad-free web app, the clone was made available via Apples App Store.

Worse yet, the developer charged an optional annual subscription plan to play an unlimited number of games, for an egregious $30.

Unsurprisingly, the clone saw an exponential rise in popularity by exploiting the app store model.

Were going to the fucking Moon, Shakked shamelessly boasted in a Tuesday tweet.

Later that evening, though, Apple yanked Shakkeds app from the App Store.

Out of context I look like Im gloating but I promise you, I was excited, Shakked wrote in todays apology. When youve been making apps since high school like me and you launch something that overnight is hitting like this was, you get excited.

Whether the apology will be enough is anyones guess. Shakked clearly regrets going there, and says hes getting harassed from every which direction.

Ill go back to creating apps based on my completely, evergreen, original ideas and never fuck with anything remotely like this again, he concluded.

Thats probably a good idea.

READ MORE: Wordle copycat creator apologies for ripping off the popular free word game [The Verge]

More on games: Parents Alarmed by Children Slicing Off Enemies Limbs in VR

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

Read more:
Guy Who Shamelessly Ripped Off Beloved Word Game Issues Apology - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Guy Who Shamelessly Ripped Off Beloved Word Game Issues Apology – Futurism

Newspapers Criticized for Reporting That Patient With Gene-Hacked Pig Heart Stabbed Someone Decades Ago – Futurism

Posted: at 11:55 am

Image by Getty Images/Futurism

After celebrating a hallmark heart transplant in which a human patient received a genetically modified pig heart, news outlets have since turned to reporting on the mans troubled past.

Patient in Groundbreaking Heart Transplant Has a Violent Criminal Record, blared a headline in the New York Times yesterday about an incident decades ago in which the patient stabbed a man, leading to the victim becoming paralyzed.

Sure, its a grabby headline. But is it really the most responsible way to cover the issue? Every doctor the Timesinterviewed said criminal history shouldnt be used to determine the worthiness of a patient who needs healthcare, so why did the headline place sensationalism over the actual conclusions?

It is the solemn obligation of any hospital or health care organization to provide lifesaving care to every patient who comes through their doors based on their medical needs, University of Maryland Medical Center, where the transplant operation was performed, said in a statement. Any other standard of care would set a dangerous precedent and would violate the ethical and moral values that underpin the obligation physicians and caregivers have to all patients in their care.

Youre not alone if the incident calls to minda 2011 episode of Greys Anatomy in which fictional Dr. Cristina Yang realizes shes operating on a mass shooter. She gives the other nurses a chance to walk away and many do, but she stays to complete the surgery and save his life. Its partially about saving the patient, but more about being the kind of doctor who saves lives, period.

Considering that many lawmakers are looking to pass additional anti-LGBTQ and anti-trans healthcare bills this year after passing a handful that made severely limited youth healthcare or even made it illegal, its not hard to imagine the slippery slope created by doctors getting to pick and choose who they care for based on their opinions or personal desires.

Others could, for example, follow the lead of those who gave fake COVID-19 vaccines because they believe conspiracy theory and not fact.

Its also worth noting that because the patient in the transplant received a pig heart, no human organ donations were used according to the Times. In addition, the operation was part of a plan to perfect using modified organs in other surgeries to overcome the current shortage in organ donations. The organ waiting list can be a death sentence for the more than 100,000 patients on the organ donation waiting list if they wait too long.

Yes, one patient may have had a violent past, but we cant allow doctors to choose who does and doesnt deserve healthcare, especially if it comes at the expense of life-saving scientific advancements.

More on the patients surgery: Doctors Transplant Gene-Hacked Pig Heart Into Living Human Patient

Care about supporting clean energy adoption? Find out how much money (and planet!) you could save by switching to solar power at UnderstandSolar.com. By signing up through this link, Futurism.com may receive a small commission.

Continued here:
Newspapers Criticized for Reporting That Patient With Gene-Hacked Pig Heart Stabbed Someone Decades Ago - Futurism

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Newspapers Criticized for Reporting That Patient With Gene-Hacked Pig Heart Stabbed Someone Decades Ago – Futurism

Things To Do in Santa Cruz: Jan. 19-Jan. 25 – Good Times Weekly

Posted: at 11:55 am

A weekly guide to whats happening.

JAMESTOWN REVIVAL PLUS ROBERT ELLIS

The pair of longtime Texas buddies tunes about everyday life is fueled by rich harmonies and a melting pot of Americana, country rock and western music. The duos debut, Utah, scored universal critical acclaim. $22 advance/$25 door. Wednesday, Jan. 19, 8pm. The Catalyst, 1011 Pacific Ave., Santa Cruz. catalystclub.com.

BRIAN CHARETTE TRIO

New York City-based organist/pianist Brian Charette is a leading voice in modern jazz. Charette won the 2014 DownBeat Critics Poll for Rising Star in the organ category and was the 2015 Hot House Magazines Fans Decision Jazz Award for Best Organist. Charette has released nineteen albums, to-date. His trio on this concert date features guitarist Will Bernard and drummer Tommy Igoe. $26-32. Thursday, Jan. 20, 7pm. Kuumbwa Jazz, 320 Cedar St., Santa Cruz. kuumbwajazz.org.

JUST FUTURES: BLACK QUANTUM FUTURISM, ARTHUR JAFA AND MARTINE SYMS

A video exhibition of work by Black Quantum Futurism, Arthur Jafa and Martine Syms is curated by History of Art and Visual Culture Professor TJ Demos. The exhibit runs through March 19, 2022. Free. Thursday, Jan. 20. Sesnon Gallery, Porter College, UCSC. Visit art.ucsc.edu/sesnon/just-futures for more info and times.

DJ LOGIC WITH SPECIAL GUESTS OBJECT HEAVY

Music theorist and turntablist DJ Logic is a hip-hop legend whose deep knowledge of jazz has led to collaborations with everyone from Medeski Martin and Wood to Charlie Hunter to Fred Wesley. Logic is also respected for his bandleader and session musician skills. Meanwhile, Object Heavys dance-friendly soul is easy to shake your booty to. $20-25. Friday, Jan. 21, 9pm. Moes Alley, 1535 Commercial Way, Santa Cruz. moesalley.com

EXPRESSIVE ARTS GRIEF WORKSHOP (IN-PERSON) This workshop will use creative activities to tenderly encourage expression, insight and growth in a supportive environment. Members will be offered new ways to tell their story, express emotions without words and feel connected and supported as they creatively honor their grief and loved ones. Free. Register: 831-430-3000. Saturday, Jan. 22, 10am-3pm. Hospice of Santa Cruz County, 65 Nielson St., Watsonville.

KIDS PROTECTION PLANNING WORKSHOP Local mom/attorney Roxanne Olson will cover what you need to know about ensuring your kids are taken care of if anything should happen to their parents. Olson will guide you to take charge and ensure you have done the right thing for your family. Free. RSVP required: happeningnext.com/event/kids-protection-planning-workshop-eid4sntxw7imb1. The workshop may be moved to virtual. Tuesday, Jan. 25, 11am. Fine Point Law, Inc., 113 Cooper St., Santa Cruz

ENTRE NOSOTRAS GRUPO DE APOYO Entre Nosotras support group for Spanish speaking women diagnosed with cancer. Meets twice monthly. Registration required: 831-761-3973. Friday, Jan. 21, 6pm. WomenCARE, 2901 Park Ave., Ste. A1, Soquel.

TCF SIBLINGS GRIEF SUPPORT The Compassionate Friends (TCF) of Santa Cruz Sibling Group is for individuals who have experienced the death of a brother or sister at any age. Meetings are open to bereaved siblings 14 and older. For more information, visit tcfsantacruz.com. Tuesday, Jan. 25, 7-8:30pm.

Visit link:
Things To Do in Santa Cruz: Jan. 19-Jan. 25 - Good Times Weekly

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on Things To Do in Santa Cruz: Jan. 19-Jan. 25 – Good Times Weekly

This Week, The Best Dressed Stars Stepped Into The Matrix – Vogue

Posted: at 11:55 am

Call it the Wachowski effect. Just as the visionary work of the filmmaking sisters is experiencing a renaissance thanks to the release ofThe Matrix Resurrections, celebrities appear to be taking their fashion cues from Neo, Trinity, and the leather-clad characters of the 90s sci-fi action film. Granted, Hailey Bieber and Kendall Jenner have been referencing the franchises slick aesthetic for seasons, but last week actors and entertainers joined them in adopting the look.

While tabloids were busy elevatingUncut Gemsstar Julia Fox to it-girl status, Fox has been busy wearing standout fashions. While enjoying a night out with boyfriend Kanye West and Madonna at retro themed West Hollywood nightspot Delilah, Fox wore a custom crop top from Factory New York with built-in gloves and matching pants with a low-rise waist right out of the early 2000s. As usual, Fox wore the pieces with swagger, adding on one of 2022s must-have accessories, Balenciagas miniature hourglass bag in a glossy black stamped croc material that paired perfectly with all that shiny leather.

Elsewhere in LA, Jenner and Bieber stepped out in the sci-fi-inspired look they helped popularize, hitting up the party for Fai Khadras collaboration with Oliver Peoples on the rooftop of private members club Pluto. Bieber went for layers of black leather, her bootcut Attico trousers, long Magda Butrym trench, and vintage Tom Ford for Gucci shirt working seamlessly together. Jenners take on leather was irreverent; in another material or color, her mini-skirt, boots, and cardigan would have seemed cutesy, but in all black and worn with the sleekly designed shades from Khadras collection, the combination was dominatrix worthy.

Of course, theres more than one way to do futurism, and around the globe, stars had fun putting their spin on that concept. Barbarella style boots were trendingBella Hadid exited Craigs restaurant in Hollywood in Justine Clenquet mod white patent Edie boots, while Gray Sorrenti stole the show in Milan at Fendis Fall 2022 menswear collection in a python version of the lookas was luxury outerwear. Leave it to Rihanna and FKA Twigs to reimagine the humble puffer coat as a topper for transparent dresses and an all-weather showcase for an enduring logo addiction.

Continued here:
This Week, The Best Dressed Stars Stepped Into The Matrix - Vogue

Posted in Futurism | Comments Off on This Week, The Best Dressed Stars Stepped Into The Matrix – Vogue

The Facts and Fiction of Cloning – WebMD

Posted: at 11:55 am

Understanding the real science behind the headlines and the hubbub.

Cloning. More than ever, the word stirs emotion and triggers debate, as what was once science fiction becomes scientific fact. Just what are researchers working on and why? Do we have anything to gain, or to lose, from their continued efforts?

For the first time, researchers have successfully cloned a human embryo -- and have extracted stem cells, the body's building blocks, from the embryo. Stem cells are considered one of the greatest hopes for curing diseases like diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and paralysis caused by spinal cord injury.

Before you decide where you stand on this debate, you'll need to understand where the science is today. To put it all in perspective, WebMD asked some renowned scientists to explain precisely what cloning is and what it isn't. Popular depictions -- from the ominous hordes of worker drones in the futuristic novel Brave New World to Michael Keaton's comic time-saving duplicates in the film Multiplicity -- have almost nothing to do with reality.

"Clones are genetically identical individuals," says Harry Griffin, PhD. "Twins are clones." Griffin is assistant director of the Roslin Institute -- the lab in Edinburgh, Scotland, where Dolly the cloned sheep was created in 1997.

Usually, after sperm and egg meet, the fertilized cell begins dividing. Remaining in a clump, the one becomes two, then four, eight, 16, and so on. These cells become increasingly specialized to a particular function and organize into organs and systems. Eventually, it's a baby.

Sometimes, though, after the first division, the two cells split apart. They continue dividing separately, growing to become two individuals with the exact same genetic make-up -- identical twins, or clones. This phenomenon, though not entirely understood, is far from unusual. We've all known identical twins.

Early on, says Griffin, the term cloning referred to embryo splitting -- doing in the lab what happens in the woman's body to create identical twins. "It was first done in cattle, but there are one or two human examples." Those human embryos were never implanted, he says. "Twins were not deliberately created, but they certainly could be."

When we speak of cloning nowadays, however, we're referring not to embryo splitting, but to a process called nuclear transfer. "The importance is that with nuclear transfer, you can copy an existing individual, and that's why there's controversy," says Griffin.

In nuclear transfer, DNA from an unfertilized egg is removed and replaced with DNA from an adult body cell -- a skin cell, for example. When the process works, the manipulated cell -- coaxed by the newly-implanted genetic material -- begins to divide and eventually becomes a genetic replica of the adult-cell donor. The process produces a new individual whose identical twin is not a minute or two older, but already grown up.

Now, researchers in South Korea and the University of Michigan have cloned a human embryo. This is not cloning to make a genetically matched baby, but cloning for research purposes -- also called therapeutic cloning or research cloning.

This new development means that therapeutic cloning -- the ability to create human clones for research purposes -- is no longer a theory, but a reality. And it's sure to reignite the controversy of whether to ban all cloning or to allow some cloning for therapeutic purposes.

Therapeutic cloning is not new. Scientists have used the technology to cure a variety of diseases in mice. Scientists have also studied the potential uses of human stem cells culled from embryos leftover in fertility clinics.

Previous attempts to clone human embryos to obtain stem cells genetically identical to the patient are believed to have failed despite reports to the contrary -- until now.

In this new study, researchers collected 242 eggs donated by 16 South Korean volunteers. Women also donated some cells from their ovary.

The scientists then used a technique called somatic nuclear transfer to remove the genetic material -- which contains the nucleus of each egg -- and replace it with the nucleus from the donor's ovarian cell.

Then, using chemicals to trigger cell division, the researchers were able to create 30 blastocysts -- early-stage embryos that contain about 100 cells -- that were a genetic copy of the donor cells.

Next, the researchers harvested a single colony of stem cells that have the potential to grow into any tissue in the body. Because they are the genetic match to the donor, they aren't likely to be rejected by the patient's immune system.

"Our approach opens the door for the use of these specially developed cells in transplantation medicine," says Woo Suk Hwang, a scientist who led the research in South Korea.

But some researchers doubt that this technique for human cloning could ever be used for widespread treatment of disease.

"The great vision of this field is to create personalized stem cells for individual patients," says Griffin. "You'd take the cell from the patient and create the cell type you want -- say pancreatic islet cells for diabetics -- by transferring it to an egg, creating an embryo, and growing them."

"If there were enough women to donate enough eggs, and enough [funding], I'm certain it could be done," says Steven Stice, PhD, professor and GRE Eminent Scholar at the University of Georgia in Athens. "But we collect hundreds of eggs a day from cattle to do our cloning. You could never expect to do that in humans. Technically, it's not feasible."

"In the U.K., 120,000 people suffer from Parkinson's disease. Where are you going to get 120,000 human eggs? The reality is that there simply are not enough eggs ... available to make therapeutic cloning a practical, routine therapy," says Griffin.

And offering women money would still not yield the necessary numbers. The egg-harvesting process is just too uncomfortable. "Egg donation is akin to bone marrow transplantation as far as how unpleasant the process is for the donor," says Griffin.

And then there's money. "You'd have to produce an individual cell line for each person to avoid the immune response," says Stice. "The cost would be horrendous. It will be very difficult to get to an application [of the technology] that won't cost hundreds of thousands of dollars [each time]."

In the end, both experts agree that therapeutic cloning is really unnecessary, given the existing supply of viable embryos left over from in vitro fertilization. "They would be discarded," says Stice. "They're donated with consent, and would never have gone on to form an individual. There are great opportunities with existing cell lines to get to the point of treating disease. We don't have to go to [cloning]."

So why continue? Because of the wealth of information it can provide, says Griffin.

But there's another angle to cloning.

For some, the technology is seen not as a source for stem cells to cure disease, but as a last, best hope for biological offspring, or, mistakenly and tragically, as a means of "bringing back" a lost spouse, child, or other loved one.

First of all, says Griffin, "only about 1 to 2% of cloned animals make it to live birth." And you can't even extrapolate that number to humans, because cows and sheep get pregnant much more easily than do women. What's more, many animal clones die late in pregnancy, or early in life, he says.

Sure, there are healthy animal clones that appear to be normal. "But the tests of normality in animals are not particularly rigorous. From a safety point of view alone, no one should be attempting to clone a child," says Griffin.

Even if technology advances to the point where human reproductive cloning, as it's called, were a viable option -- and as you've seen, we're not even close -- anyone suggesting that cloning can duplicate an existing human being is just plain wrong, says Stice.

Identical twins are most certainly two different people -- they even have different fingerprints despite sharing 100% of their DNA. In the same way, your clone would be a unique individual.

In fact, says Stice, your clone would be "even less [like you] than your twin. Most twins are raised in similar environments, whereas a clone of an adult will most likely have different experiences and different environmental factors affecting them [as they grow]."

No matter how far science takes us, one thing is certain, people are simply not replaceable.

WebMD Feature

Pagination

Read the original:

The Facts and Fiction of Cloning - WebMD

Posted in Cloning | Comments Off on The Facts and Fiction of Cloning – WebMD