Daily Archives: December 13, 2021

Democrats can win in 2022 here’s how | TheHill – The Hill

Posted: December 13, 2021 at 2:44 am

Democrats have a messaging problem. But, of course, they have always had a messaging problem. This hardly started with President Joe BidenJoe BidenJos Andrs to travel to Kentucky following devastating tornadoes Sunday shows preview: Officials, experts respond to omicron; Biden administration raises alarms about Russia, China Biden says he will visit area impacted by storms: 'We're going to get through this together' MORE, himself, a pathetic messenger.

Imagine if Democrats used the Child Tax Credit alone eligible families can receive up to $3,600 for each child under age six and up to $3,000 for each age 6 through 17 for 2021 this puts money in parents pockets for their children and yet few Democrats communicate this feat. Likewise, messaging Bidens Build Back Better package or the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which will provide much-needed improvement to marginalized communities such as reasonable broadband access to ensure that Americans receive reliable high-speed internet, are keys to a potential win in 2022.

The Democrats Build Back Better plan would ensure paid sick leave, home healthcare, another year of monthly child tax credits that have lifted millions out of poverty, universal prekindergarten, two years of community college, a cap on families child-care expenses, healthcare subsidies, Medicare hearing benefits, climate change programs and, to offset the costs, tax increases on corporations and the wealthiest individuals, as well as authorization for Medicare to negotiate for lower prescription drug prices. All of these are popular with the American people and Republicans, who dismiss the entire plan simply as socialism or wasteful spending without being challenged to address its popular particulars.

Republicans have a far-reaching conservative media apparatus, dominated by Fox News and extending to right-wing websites, white evangelical churches, sources and local talk-show hosts to amplify their message, which is often how and why they are great at winning. Republicans have also directed the national political discourse with critical race theory.

Glenn YoungkinGlenn YoungkinTrump struggles to clear GOP field in North Carolina Senate race Democrats can win in 2022 here's how Do the media really treat Biden worse than Trump? MOREs (R) Virginia gubernatorial victory over Democratic candidate Terry McAuliffeTerry McAuliffeDemocrats can win in 2022 here's how Perilous Pennsylvania, Trump's non-strategy takes another hit Republicans eye gains with female voters after Virginia rout MORE, fueled by pandemic-era, schools-and education-related anguish that went well beyond the dog-whistle political buzzword of critical race theory, constituted a parental revolt. With a winning mix of rural Trump enthusiasts coupled suburbanites who voted for Biden the 2021 Virginia gubernatorial election results forged unlikely alliances heading into next years midterms and even 2024 by spotlighting a potentially new COVID-created key constituency piqued moms and dads. Republicans see the Virginia campaign as a playbook in the big U.S. Senate races in 2022.

Traditionally, voters have trusted Democrats more on education, but Virginia undermined that. Its now a blueprint for Republicans. Outside of critical race theory, I believe Democrats underestimated how many voters and Democratswere mad at the school closures, especially metro-suburban white mothers. And Republicans have tapped into that anger, concern, crisis mode and fear.

Democrats have talked about raising the opportunity forallchildren, and where Republicans are winning the messaging war presently is they are focused on raising opportunities foryourchild. Republicans are betting that parents angst about educational issues ranging from the quality of curricula to mask mandates and culture wars will help them retake suburban independents in upcoming elections.

Following a string of wins on local school boards and a strong performance in the suburbs in recent gubernatorial races, Republicans say their message is resonating among parents, whose frustrations have boiled up during the coronavirus pandemic, and now include the quality of classwork, mask mandates and transgender rights.

Democrats can start messaging to voters directly. Every Democratic operative or strategist can stay on message and discuss how Build Back Better will invest over $3.385 billion in capital access investments for small employers and entrepreneurs with nearly $2 billion in a Small Business Association direct lending program for the smallest businesses and government contractors or $60 million to diversify and create equity within the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program.

Democrats could win by going on offense, running the record of successes, not playing defense responding to GOP attacks. The simple lesson lean into the Democratic success and communicate these wins, mainly how the triumphs aid American families and children, engage African Americans and Asian-Americans including Korean Americans and Chinese Americans communicate the talking points and how they improve these communities and others.

Democrats should also capitalize on another critical issue in the midterm elections the battle between traditional establishment Republicans versus Trump Republicans. Will the establishment fringe wing of the GOP gain control power from the Trump wing? As the GOP-civil war rages on, this allows Democrats further opportunity, in addition to touting the Houses successful passage of their social spending and tax passage as they try to ease voters concerns about inflation and shortages of goods.

The conservative-learning Supreme Court could also help Democrats maintain their House and Senate majorities and state legislatures in 2022 per their decision regarding reproductive rights by June of 2022 five months before the midterm contests. As such, Democrats and progressive activists could use the Mississippi case's threat to abortion rights and make the message hit closer to home for millions of women, including suburban women, potentially winning them back.

Ultimately, Democrats predict the ruling against Roe v. Wade will energize the base. But Republicans are already mobilizing their base even amongst the infighting. Will the Democrats?

Quardricos Bernard Driskell is an adjunct professor of legislative politics at The George Washington University Graduate School of Political Management. Follow him on Twitter @q_driskell4

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Child tax credit expiration adds pressure for Democrats | TheHill – The Hill

Posted: at 2:44 am

Democrats are feeling an increased sense of urgency to quickly get President BidenJoe BidenJos Andrs to travel to Kentucky following devastating tornadoes Sunday shows preview: Officials, experts respond to omicron; Biden administration raises alarms about Russia, China Biden says he will visit area impacted by storms: 'We're going to get through this together' MOREs social spending and climate package across the finish line due to the pending expiration of the expanded child tax credit at the end of the year.

Absent congressional action, the IRS will make its last monthly child tax credit payment on Dec. 15. Democrats see the monthly payments as critical to reducing child poverty and want to prevent a lapse.

The key obstacle is Sen. Joe ManchinJoe ManchinMatt Taibbi: Mainstream media 'in sync' with Democratic Party The problem with our employment stats Manchin faces pressure from Gillibrand, other colleagues on paid family leave MORE (D-W.Va.), who has expressed a reluctance to passing the social spending package this year. Despite Manchins hesitancy, key Democrats are insistent that the expanded child tax credit wont expire.

We are not going to have a lapse in payments. Thats too important, said Sen. Sherrod BrownSherrod Campbell BrownBiden's pick for bank watchdog pulls out after GOP accusations of communism Senate race in Ohio poses crucial test for Democrats Powell says Fed will consider faster taper amid surging inflation MORE (D-Ohio).

The $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief law that Biden enacted in March expanded the child tax credit for 2021. The expansion included an increase in the credit amount and monthly advance payments of the credit andallowed the lowest-income families to be eligible for the full credit amount.

The Treasury Department and IRS in July started sending out monthly advance child tax credit payments of up to $300 for each child under age 6 and up to $250 for each child ages 6 to 17. The monthly payments, which allow families to receive funds in installments rather than in a lump sum when they file their tax returns, are currently set to end this month.

The social spending package includes a one-year extension of the expanded credit. Senate Finance Committee Chairman Ron WydenRonald (Ron) Lee WydenOn The Money Inflation hits nearly 40-year high It's time for Congress to close the carried interest loophole Dispute between Wyden, son on taxes becomes public MORE (D-Ore.) told reporters Thursday that the IRS has indicated that Congress should pass the social spending package by Dec. 28 in order to ensure that monthly payments are made on Jan. 15.

We've got to work very hard and move quickly because of some of the logistical challenges that the IRS has in terms of the process, and I'm committed to getting it done, he said. I'm pulling out all the stops to make sure that there is no interruption.

Democrats view the monthly child tax credit payments as a key way to help low- and middle-income families afford household expenses.

Our view is that the child tax credit is a really important, basic support for families and that we should extend it, National Economic Council Director Brian DeeseBrian DeeseThe Memo: Inflation delivers gut-punch as Biden tries to sell economic record Graham hopes to sway Manchin against Biden plan with new CBO report Economists call on Congress to 'swiftly' pass sweeping climate and social policy bill MORE said during Thursdays White House press briefing. And we should extend it because it's doing what we hoped it would do, which is dramatically reduce child poverty in America, dramatically reduce poverty in America, and give families some breathing room in a very strong but uncertain recovery.

Additionally, a lapse in the monthly payments could pose a political risk for Democrats ahead of the midterm elections.

Ethan Winter, lead pollster for the Fighting Chance for Families coalition focused on making the expanded child tax credit permanent, said that continuing to offer concrete benefits such as the child tax credit is one of the best ways for Democrats to counter Republican messaging on cultural issues targeted to parents, such as on critical race theory.

If you allow the benefits to lapse, I do think this would present a political liability for the Democratic Party, Winter said.

The House passed its version of the social spending bill last month. Senate Majority Leader Charles SchumerChuck SchumerTrump struggles to clear GOP field in North Carolina Senate race Coalition urges Senate to publish bills, amendments online while still under consideration Some good news in the battle to rebalance the courts MORE (D-N.Y.) has repeatedly said he wants the Senate to pass a version of the bill by Christmas.

Senate Democrats are using an arcane process known as budget reconciliation to pass the spending package. The process, which Democrats used earlier this year to pass the coronavirus relief law, will allow the party to pass the package with a simple majority in the upper chamber, bypassing a likely Republican filibuster. Still, every Senate Democrat will need to back the legislation for it to pass because the chamber is evenly divided between the two parties.

Getting all Senate Democrats to fall in line behind the plan has been an arduous task for the party this year as leadership works to meet competing demands from members.

The process over there can be agonizing in terms of its pace, House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Richard NealRichard Edmund NealIt's time for Congress to close the carried interest loophole GOP fears boomerang as threat of government shutdown grows House passes giant social policy and climate measure MORE (D-Mass.) said about the Senate last week.

Manchin has repeatedly suggested that he thinks Congress should wait before voting on the spending package, citing concerns about inflation. Manchin has also suggested in the past that there be work requirements and lower income limits for the expanded child tax credit.

When asked Wednesday about whether he felt urgency to pass the spending package in time for the IRS to make child tax credit payments on Jan. 15, Manchin indicated that he thought that any missed payments could be made up for at a later date.

I've never seen a situation where we weren't able to make up whatever you thought time would be lost, he told reporters.

The spending package may be Democrats best option for passing an extension of the expanded child tax credit before the end of the year, given that lawmakers are using the reconciliation process. A stand-alone bill with a temporary extension could face challenges getting enough Republican support to bypass a filibuster.

Could you get 10 Republican votes for it? I don't know the answer to that, Sen. Tim KaineTimothy (Tim) Michael KaineManchin quietly discusses Senate rules changes with Republicans Liberty University professor charged with alleged sexual battery and abduction of student Senate parliamentarian looms over White House spending bill MORE (D-Va.) said.

No Republican in Congress voted for Bidens COVID-19 relief package including the expanded benefit. Republicans expanded the child tax credit themselves in their 2017 tax cut law, but they have criticized Democrats subsequent expansion, arguing that Democrats eliminated work incentives associated with the child tax credit. Republicans have also expressed concerns that the monthly payment structure would lead to an increase in improper payments and fraud.

Some Republicans have signaled interest in reaching a bipartisan agreement on a path forward for the tax credit but said the benefit would likely look much different from the expansion approved under Biden earlier this year.

Unfortunately, that went to very high income people. It was unlinked to work, and I would prefer we went back to the original formulation, said Sen. Susan CollinsSusan Margaret CollinsTransformational legislation should be bipartisan again The Hill's Morning Report - Presented by Uber - Senate debt limit drama ends; Trump legal troubles rise On The Money Senate risks Trump's ire with debt ceiling deal MORE (R-Maine).

But Democrats are also committed to extending the current expansion to the benefit as it stands, with some insisting the party use the expansions current deadline later this month as an impetus to get Bidens larger spending plan passed.

Let's use this to finally make a decision to get Build Back Better done, Kaine said, calling the tax credit expansion the single best deadline that might get us finally to act.

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Its having its moment: Georgia to offer litmus test for Trump and Democrats – The Guardian

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To understand the forces shaping American politics, one state will be impossible to overlook in 2022: Georgia.

The Peach State will offer the biggest litmus test yet of former US president Donald Trumps grip on the Republican party, and the persistence of his false claims of election fraud, as well as a guide to whether Democrats can expect the nation to move in their direction.

It will also offer something of a laboratory experiment for new voting restrictions and the threat they pose to democracy.

Georgia enters into the realm of Florida 2000, Ohio 2004, Pennsylvania 2020 as the pivotal state, said John Zogby, an author and pollster. Itll be a benchmark for 2024. Its important demographically because its in a state of balance right now. Its having its moment.

The southern, socially conservative state was a bulwark of the Confederacy during the civil war. But it is now home to a film industry dubbed the the Hollywood of the south. It produced Congressman John Lewis, a civil rights hero. But it also produced Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, a far-right conspiracy theorist.

Its outsized role came into focus last year when Joe Biden became the first Democratic presidential nominee to win it since Bill Clinton in 1992. Then, in January, Democrats won two Senate runoff elections, giving Biden an unexpected majority and dramatically scaling up his ambitions.

Now the plotlines that have dominated US politics for the past decade are set to converge in Georgia again. Trump supporters have turned out in force at local Republican meetings and sought to gain control of the state party apparatus, purging officials deemed insufficiently loyal.

The ex-president has also inspired a slate of devotees to seek statewide office including former senator David Perdue, who this week launched a challenge against incumbent Republican governor Brian Kemp.

Trump has fumed against Kemp over the governors refusal to overturn the election results last year, even after several recounts and audits affirmed Bidens victory.

Perdue has immediately grabbed on to the mantle of baseless election lies, telling Axios this week he would not have voted to certify the election, then joining a lawsuit seeking to prove he and Trump were cheated out of election victories. Kemp said last year he was required by law to certify the election.

The former president called Kemp a very weak governor in a statement endorsing Perdue on Monday, citing nothing specific in his opposition to the sitting governor apart from his position on election integrity. Most importantly, Trump said of Kemp, he cant win because the MAGA [Make America great again] base which is enormous will never vote for him.

If he is proven wrong and Kemp prevails, it would be a humiliating defeat for Trump, offering a sign his influence over the Republican party is slipping. Such a rebuke might even help dissuade him from running for president again in 2024.

Eric Erickson, a conservative writer and radio host based in Georgia, said: It certainly would impact his electoral college map in 2024 and it would definitely suggest that the voters are ready to move on. When you look at the polling, I think people are looking towards 2024 and maybe theyre ready to look at the future instead of the past.

The primary for governor is not the only battle here with wider implications. Trump is backing former football star Herschel Walker in a Republican primary against state agriculture commissioner Gary Black. The winner will go forward to challenge Warnock.

Lower down the ballot there is also a high stakes election for secretary of state, Georgias top election official. Trump has endorsed Jody Hice, a congressman, in his bid to oust fellow Republican Brad Raffensperger from the secretary of states office. Trump has attacked Raffensperger ever since he refused to go along with the then presidents request to find enough votes to overturn the election.

Robert P Jones, chief executive and founder of the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI), said: Weve got basically a Maga versus chamber of commerce battle going on and what makes it particularly poignant is the role that governor Brian Kemp and secretary of state Brad Raffensperger played in the last presidential election.

They were two Republicans that stood on the side of democracy and resisted Donald Trumps request to overthrow the fair results of the election. In that way, theyve theyve been put in the crosshairs by Trump and are being challenged from the right by David Perdue on the one hand and Jody Hice on the other, both of whom have repeated this big lie that Trump actually won in Georgia.

Theyre essentially running on this Make America great again big lie, so itll be a real test to see how that plays out among Republicans in the primaries before you even get to the general election.

Which ever Republican candidate for governor emerges from months of infighting they will still have to face Democrat Stacey Abrams, a voting rights activist bidding to become the first Black female governor in American history.

Abrams narrowly lost to Kemp in 2018 in what proved a flashpoint election. It was a contest that encapsulated how Georgia is changing Abrams, vying to be the first female Black governor in US history, symbolized a new progressive Georgia, while Kemp represented the old conservative guard.

Such trends surfaced again in January when Democrats Raphael Warnock, who is African American, and Jon Ossoff, who is Jewish, defeated Kelly Loeffler and Perdue, both of whom are white.

Jones, who was born in Atlanta, Georgia, added: Whats also at play here is the changing face of the country and the kind of candidates that might represent the way the demographics are changing.

If you go back to right before the 2008 election, Georgia was 53% white and Christian. Today its 41% white and Christian. Just between the beginning when Barack Obama was running and today, things have changed quite dramatically. It also has this urban-rural divide that so many states, particularly southern and peripheral south states, have: Atlanta and its suburbs versus the rest of the more rural state.

Just as she did in 2018, Abrams is likely to make voting rights a central issue. During that campaign, she highlighted serious election issues in Georgia, including the way the state was disproportionately flagging Black voters for potential removal from the rolls and a surge in polling place closures in the state.

Now the stakes around voting rights are even higher.

In March, Georgia Republicans enacted sweeping new voting restrictions, even though there was no evidence of fraud in the 2020 election. The new law gives voters less time to request an absentee ballot and requires them to provide information from a state ID on both the ballot request and ballot itself.

It also limits the use of ballot drop boxes to one box per 100,000 voters, and only allows them to be in use during early voting hours. The boxes were used for the first time in 2020, when they proved popular and were available 24/7. The new law adds an additional day of Saturday early voting and makes Sunday early voting optional.

Kemp has staunchly defended the measure, even as the state faced enormous pressure from Major League Baseball and other companies. The justice department and several other civic action groups are currently suing Georgia over the law.

Helen Butler, a longtime organizer in Georgia, said she is already seeing the effects of the new voting law on the ground there. During municipal elections earlier this year, she said her group, the Georgia Coalition for the Peoples Agenda, had seen an uptick in people who wanted rides to the polls because they were wary of using an absentee ballot.

The new law also limited what kind of assistance her group could give voters with mail-in ballots, she said. Were tired of always seeing barriers put in place to us being able to exercise our right to vote.

Events in Georgia will be closely watched elsewhere. Trump has endorsed more than 60 midterm candidates across the country, including several running against Republican incumbents. Some strategists fear he could sabotage his own party as it seeks to regain the House and Senate. Democrats, meanwhile, have tried to learn from Abrams ability to generate enthusiasm.

Andra Gillespie, an associate professor of political science at Emory University in Atlanta, said: There is a very real story in Georgia about Stacey Abrams organising and finding the Democratic voters and getting what people to turn out and vote. It was a story that started well before the 2018 cycle.

Shes going to want to try to continue to build on that momentum but what shes facing is that Republicans know thats what shes doing. They are aware that shes probably the best in the business at being able to get people to turn out to vote and they are going to match those efforts with their own get-out-their-own effort.

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After Texas Democrats’ woeful performance last year, the 2022 race to chair the party is already heating up – San Antonio Express-News

Posted: at 2:44 am

The race to chair the Texas Democratic Party is heating up early as the states Democrats contemplate their future after a disappointing 2020 election and ahead of a challenging 2022 election.

The current state party leader is Gilberto Hinojosa, who has held the job since 2012 and has indicated he is not going anywhere. But that has not stopped early interest in the race, which will be determined by delegates to the state partys biennial convention next summer.

Kim Olson, the former candidate for agriculture commissioner and Congress, has announced she is running to lead the party, saying the promise of a Blue Texas has so far fallen short of expectations. Meanwhile, Carroll G. Robinson, chair of the Texas Coalition of Black Democrats, is considering a campaign for the job and plans to make an announcement in January. And other names have been discussed as potential candidates with still several months to go before the election.

The stakes are considerable.

Texas Democrats have been regrouping after a 2020 election during which they thought they were poised for their biggest breakthrough in recent memory, but they came up woefully short. As they have been licking their wounds, they have had to stare down a daunting 2022 election, with a national environment that is not in their favor and state Republicans using the redistricting process to cement GOP majorities in Austin and Washington, D.C.

We need a course correction because what we are doing has not yielded a statewide win. Period, Olson said in an interview.

She launched her campaign with some 250 endorsements. The endorsers feature 35 county party chairs, including from some of the most populous counties in the state Tarrant, Denton, Fort Bend and Galveston. The list also includes several members of the State Democratic Executive Committee and a host of Democratic candidates from 2018 and 2020.

Hinojosa was on the hot seat after the 2020 election.

A group of State Democratic Executive Committee members wrote him to demand change at the party, and he assembled a committee to do a deep dive on what wrong that November. The party released an autopsy in February that concluded Republicans beat them in turnout and partly blamed Democrats underwhelming results on their decision to suspend in-person campaigning because of the coronavirus pandemic.

At the same time, the state party has been rebuilding its organization chart after the departure of its top two staffers in January.

Publicly, Hinojosa has not given any indication that he is ready to step aside.

While I sincerely respect anyone who seeks office inside or as a nominee of our Party, I believe I still have much to contribute towards our shared goal of turning Texas blue and I intend to accelerate my commitment to that goal in my role as the Texas Democratic Party Chairman, Hinojosa said in a statement. Ultimately the delegates will decide, but because we all share the same goal and stand united in this fight to win back the soul of our state, I believe I will continue to have their support.

Olson has been the most visible potential candidate for state party chair so far, announcing an exploratory effort in early October and traveling the state since then.

A retired Air Force colonel who broke barriers as a female pilot, Olson made a name for herself politically with her fiery 2018 challenge to Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller, which she lost by 5 percentage points. She ran last year to flip the 24th Congressional District, which was being targeted by national Democrats, but lost in a primary runoff.

Olson is leaning on that experience to pitch improved infrastructure for candidates across the state, as well as more support for local party leaders like county chairs. Similarly, she said the state party should be more mindful of how messaging can vary in different parts of Texas. For example, she noted oil-and-gas jobs are often some of the best-paying jobs in the Rio Grande Valley, and Democrats need to be able to explain to voters there how their job fits into the transition to a more environmentally responsible future.

One of Olsons priorities is expanding the partys reach into rural Texas and helping narrow the gap with Republicans who have long run up the score in those areas. Olson, who is from rural Palo Pinto County, said Democrats need to release the GOP death grip on our rural areas.

Rural Texas has not been given the attention thats needed in order to win statewide or federal races, said Nancy Nichols, an SDEC member from East Texas who supports Olson. Col. Olson recognizes the power thats wielded in the rural counties, and shes going to the rural counties.

Robinson, meanwhile, has been credited with helping rebuild the state Coalition of Black Democrats in recent years. He has long been involved in Democratic politics and the legal community in the Houston area, where he has served as an at-large City Council member and Houston Community College trustee. He teaches law at Texas Southern University and once was general counsel to the state party.

Robinson said the state party needs to do a better job providing an overarching message for candidates to run under, particularly in places like East Texas and West Texas.

Democrats need to put together a multiracial, multigenerational, multiregional coalition across Texas to win statewide races and take back the Texas Legislature, and literally, weve got to do it in 2022, 2024, and weve also got to get ready for the 2030 census and redistricting cycle that follows, Robinson said.

In addition to Olson and Robinson, the speculation about the state party chair race has included the partys vice chair, Carla Brailey. However, Brailey has said she is not looking at running for state party chair at this time and instead is considering a run for lieutenant governor. The filing deadline for that race, which already includes at least three Democrats, is Monday.

Patsy Woods Martin, the former executive director of Annies List, which works to elect Democratic women in Texas who support abortion rights, said she thought about running for state party chair earlier this year but is dedicating herself to fundraising for gubernatorial candidate Beto ORourke.

Manuel Medina, state chair of the Tejano Democrats, acknowledged in an interview that there has been speculation about whether he would run for state party chair, but said he has not considered it and will support Hinojosa for another term.

Despite the discussion about replacing Hinojosa, he still has plenty of allies who appreciate how far the party has come under him.

I feel like the party is much better off than it was when he took over, that its grown in terms of resources and impact, said Rick Levy, president of the Texas AFL-CIO. While theres challenges, to be sure, hes had a clear vision, and for working people, hes really incorporated our voices into the vision.

Medina, a former chair of the Bexar County party, said Hinojosa has proven he can raise money and build infrastructure to help Democrats make more inroads in Texas.

At this point, I think its all in our best interest to stay on the path the chairman set, Medina said.

Medina suggested Democrats major shortcoming in 2020 eschewing in-person campaigning was because of a national strategy and not the fault of Hinojosa. While that strategy might have been enough to get Joe Biden elected president, Medina said, in states like ours, block walking wouldve made all the difference in the world and led to a Democratic majority in the state House.

Whoever runs, the race is bound to be shaped by questions about who is best positioned to lead a party that continues to see its future in young people and people of color. In the near term, that is especially relevant as Republicans make a serious push next year across predominantly Hispanic South Texas.We need to have a long and hard look at a leader who is going to recognize the issues of the present, the capabilities of the future, while still being respectful of the people whove been doing the work for a long time, said Jen Ramos, an SDEC member from Central Texas who helped organize the letter to Hinojosa after the 2020 election. For me, I think, with this chair race, its one, what is the definition of winning for our chair candidates, and two, how are we going to accept our weaknesses as much as our strengths as we move into the next election and post-redistricting.

Disclosure: Annies List and Houston Community College have been financial supporters of the Texas Tribune. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribunes journalism.

The Texas Tribune is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.

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Senate Democrats Nix a Regressive, Unhealthy Vaping Tax Endorsed by the House – Reason

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Senate Democrats have nixed the idea of imposing a new federal tax on nicotine vaping products, which would have disadvantaged a potentially lifesaving alternative to cigarettes and violated President Joe Biden's pledge to avoid raising taxes on American households that earn less than $400,000 a year.The Wall Street Journal reports thatSen. Catherine Cortez Masto (DNev.), a member of the Senate Finance Committee, "pushed to remove the tax," which was included in the House version of the Build Back Better spending package, and "helped force its deletion."

House Democrats originally proposed a $100.66 excise tax per 1,810 milligrams of nicotine in e-liquids, which would have added about $60 to the cost of a high-strength 60-milliliter bottle containing 18 milligrams of nicotine per milliliter. For some products, retailers reported, the tax would have doubled or tripled the retail price. The same proposal also would have increased the federal excise tax on cigarettes and other tobacco products, yielding an estimated $96 billion in new revenue over a decade.

Last month that proposal was replaced by a plan to tax e-liquids at $50.33 per 1,810 milligrams of nicotine, still a hefty levy that would have substantially increased the cost of vaping. And unlike the earlier plan, this provision would not have boosted federal taxes on cigarettes, so it would have reduced the comparative economic appeal of vaping and raised only about $9 billion over a decade.

Supporters of the nicotine tax portrayed it as a "public health" measure, aimed largely at deterring underage consumption. But it would have discouraged current smokers from switching to a far less hazardous source of nicotine, resulting in more tobacco-related deaths. The increased cost also would have encouraged former smokers who are now vaping to switch back to a much deadlier habit.

"There is no valid reason to impose new taxes on tobacco-free nicotine products, particularly at a time when American families are feeling the impact of rising inflation," Gregory Conley, president of the American Vaping Association, said in response to the provision. He noted that House Democrats were perversely "aiming to make smoke-free alternatives more expensive than smoking."

Cortez Masto did not mention the public health implications of the tax, focusing instead on the provision's inconsistency with Biden's promise. Last month she described the proposed levy as "aregressive tax on the very people that we're trying to cut costs, cut taxes on." Sen. Joe Manchin (DW.Va.), who in November said the nicotine tax "doesn't make any sense to me whatsoever," likewise did not mention the harm-reducing potential of vaping products. Neither did Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (DAriz.), who also opposed the tax.

Michelle Minton, a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute who follows tobacco policy, welcomed the decision to eliminate the vaping tax. "By dropping the nicotine tax from the Build Back Better bill," Minton said in a press release, "Democrats have averted a public health disaster. Imposing a tax increase on safer nicotine products would have failed to meaningfully address youth vaping and, worse, would have discouraged adult smokers from switching to life-saving alternatives, particularly among lower-income Americans. Generating revenue off the increased misery and poverty of predominantly lower-income Americans is no way to build back better."

In an August American Journal of Public Healtharticle, David J.K. Balfour and 14 other leading tobacco researchers warned that "policies intended to reduce adolescent vaping," including taxes and flavor bans, "may also reduce adult smokers' use of e-cigarettes in quit attempts." They emphasized that "the potential lifesaving benefits of e-cigarettes for adult smokers deserve attention equal to the risks to youths."

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Sen. Tom Cotton refused to confirm US attorney nominees in Democratic states until Sen. Dick Durbin apologized for interrupting him nine months ago -…

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Sen. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., walks to a policy luncheon on Capitol Hill, Thursday, Oct. 7, 2021, in Washington.AP Photo/Alex Brandon

Dick Durbin apologized to Tom Cotton in order to confirm five US attorney nominees.

Cotton disliked that Durbin interrupted him during a hearing on a Department of Justice nominee.

While Durbin apologized to Cotton, he said Republicans attempted to block a vote on the nominee.

Last week, Sen. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., refused to confirm the Biden administration's US attorney nominees in Democratic states until Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., apologized for interrupting him during a committee hearing in March.

Durbin pointed out that Cotton's objection breaks with custom, stating that it has been nearly half a century since the Senate required a roll call vote on a US attorney nominee. He also recounted how Democrats never held up US attorney nominations during the Trump administration despite having the power to do so.

"Given the critical role that these US attorneys play in bringing justice to those who violate federal criminal laws, it is hard to imagine that any member of this body would obstruct efforts to confirm these law enforcement officials," Durbin said. "Doing so could threaten public safety and puts at risk millions of Americans' security. It's also a stark departure from what has happened before."

Still, Cotton said that "courtesy and collegiality and respect" need to be a "two-way street" in the Senate, reiterating that he has the right to object to nominees.

"If there are not consequences when rules and traditions are breached in this institution, we will soon not have rules and traditions," Cotton said. "I also said that if the senator from Illinois would simply express regret for what happened that day and pledge that it wouldn't happen again, I would be happy to let all these nominees move forward."

Cotton was referencing a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in March on Vanita Gupta, who was nominated by the Biden administration and later confirmed as an associate attorney general at the Department of Justice.

Story continues

Durbin, who chairs the committee, interrupted Republican attacks on Gupta in order to force a vote, which resulted in a deadlock, according to The Hill. She was narrowly confirmed by a bipartisan vote in the Senate, 51-49, with Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski casting the lone Republican vote of support.

While Durbin eventually acquiesced to Cotton's demand and apologized for interrupting him during the March hearing, he maintained that Republicans forced his hand by attempting to block a vote on Gupta's nomination by invoking an obscure Senate rule to prevent the Committee from meeting after midnight, The Hill reported.

"This outrageous obstruction of a nominee with broad support from across the political spectrum left Chair Durbin with no option but to call a roll call vote before the Committee meeting was terminated by Republicans' invocation of this rule," an account for Judiciary Committee Democrats tweeted following the vote.

Following Durbin's apology, the committee unanimously confirmed five nominees for US attorneys in Illinois, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont, and New Jersey, according to the Senate Judiciary Committee.

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As Sometimes a Great Notion Turns 50, It’s Worth Looking Back at the Stampers and Oregon’s Role in the Film – Willamette Week

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While Ken Keseys Sometimes a Great Notion is regarded as perhaps the quintessential Oregon novel, its 1971 film adaptation is more like a forgotten little brother.

With One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (based on another Kesey novel, of course) ranking among the states most famous film productions, only devotees of Oregon film history or 70s cinema likely recall much about Notion the movie. That, or maybe Paul Newman bought your uncle a beer in Newport during the summer of 1970, per the myriad boozy stories surrounding the film shoot.

Fifty years old this month, this Paul Newman-directed drama unravels the pathological grit of the Stamper clan, a family of loggers in the fictional coastal enclave of Wakonda, Oregon. The Stampers have turned scab in the face of a timber strike, and one need only consult the family mottonever give a inchto understand why theyll keep on cutting, dammit.

The film opens as though washed landward by the Pacific, an aerial shot combing the Central Oregon coastline while country music groundbreaker Charley Pride croons the gospel sentiments of All His Children. As establishing shots go, they seldom get more stunning, but we immediately see the movie veer in its own tonal direction. In Keseys opus, both the setting and style are torrential. In the space of one page, the reader might plunge through three timelines of genealogy and perspective with unfilmable fluidity. Meanwhile, Kesey bestows Oregon nature with an almost alien power to inspire and madden the Stampers.

By comparison, much of the films ambience is almost jaunty, as though the production couldnt help but be impressed with its own riches of talent, source material and location. Nature is conventionally majestic. The Stamper house, built by Universal Studios on the Siletz River near Kernville, is more attractive than the novels half-drowned monument to stubbornness. Composer Henry Mancinis bluegrass score practically frolics, while Newmans irrepressible charms endow Hank Stamper with righteous irascibility, as he chainsaws union desks in half and essentially leaves Wakonda to rot while on strike. Whats more, one can sense from the classical, painterly filmmaking why Notion eluded lasting fame relative to other 1971 films, which saw The French Connection, Klute, Shaft and A Clockwork Orange help shape New Hollywood aesthetics with hip, provocative urban settings. (Granted, this didnt stop Notion from being the first film ever shown on HBO in 1972.)

Where Sometimes a Great Notion unequivocally thrives, though, is in enlivening Stamper family dynamics, drenched in Olympia lager and 4:30 am maple syrup. In a body cast that holds his busted arm 90 degrees off his body, Henry Fonda leers and jeers unforgettably as the influential family patriarch, Henry. Then, in an Oscar-nominated turn as cousin and family cheerleader Joe Ben, Richard Jaeckels sunny disposition perfectly masks the films shocking conclusion. Michael Sarrazin excels as black-sheep hippie brother Leland reentering his estranged familys orbit. And Lee Remick as Viv is stunningly wistful as Hanks wife realizing she is the crews actual outsider.

Through five stellar lead performances, Oregonian survivalism feels as spiritual as it does illogical. As Keseys novel puts it, these are the descendants of men with itchy feet, who migrated further and further into the Western wilderness, chasing a pasture some imperceptible shade greener. Even if the film portrays their antisocial tendencies more as a wellspring than a curse, the logging scenes testify to their work as a terrifying religion. We see trees the length of school buses felled by hand and yanked up mountainsides, and Quentin Tarantino has called the films climactic logging accident one of the best single movie scenes of the early 70s. Just beforehand, a pulsating montage of clear-cutting shows the Stampers partaking in an Olympic feat of tradition, defiance and gluttony.

No matter how handsome Paul Newman makes any of it look, one need only remember the origins of the book and film titleLead Bellys Goodnight, Ireneto recall the suicidal streak that deepens and damns every glorious sight the movie can muster.

Sometimes I live in the country/Sometimes I live in the town/Sometimes I get a great notion/to jump in the riverand drown.

SEE IT: Sometimes a Great Notion streams on Amazon Prime and YouTube. You can also rent it at Movie Madness, 4320 SE Belmont St., 503-234-4363, moviemadness.org.

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How we made this game, our game | TheSpec.com – TheSpec.com

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When the Grey Cup was held for the 100th time in Toronto, during late November, 2012 The Spectator marked the historic birthday with a three-part series by columnist Steve Milton which ran during Grey Cup week. The first instalment, an overview titled Grey Cup reflects Canadian self-identity and survivalism, theorized that the Grey Cup symbolizes Canada more than any other non-war event. There has been no other sporting hardware, not even the Stanley Cup, that so thoroughly represents everything that Canada is, has been and wants to be, Milton wrote. It dealt with several major national themes including: our love-hate relationship with inclement weather; western alienation; our collective inability to praise and mythologize ourselves; our conflicted attitudes toward the U.S; and how, although there was a new sports nationalism which went public and viral with the Vancouver 2010 Olympics, the Grey Cup has been openly cheering for Canada since 1948 when Calgary Stampeders supporters arrived en masse and on horse into grey, staid Toronto for the game and festival which changed everything.

Part two of the series, which digs more deeply into Canada-U.S. relationships as exemplified by the Grey Cup, is reprinted here. Some things have changed since then, of course. The instalment acknowledges racism but, as a country we have since become far more aware of its depth and breadth in Canada and in Canadian institutions.

Canadas bipolar attitude toward the behemoth to the south what Hamilton author Stephen Brunt succinctly refers to as a push-pull relationship with the United States was reflected first in, and is still symbolized most graphically by, Canadian football.

So, it is no surprise the history of the Grey Cup also reflects Canadians historically organic, overshadowed, adore-abhor and sometimes uneasy attitude toward the USA.

Until the past half-decade, Canada usually defined itself less by what it was than by what it was not. We are not the Brits or the French, who colonized this country, and we are not the Americans, whose proximity could easily have overwhelmed us in all aspects of cultural and economic life.

Canadian football has always echoed that definition. The game diverged quickly and widely from its roots in British rugby and differs in so many significant ways number of downs and players, kicking rules, field size and economies of scale from the American game, which has the same origins. It is the only major sport shared by the two countries that is considerably different on each side of the border.

Sometimes, what you are not is the main component of what you are. And, although since 1996, 14 years before the Olympics-generated new nationalism, the CFL has promoted Canadian football for what it is (Radically Canadian etc.), so much of Canadian football history has been highlighted by what it was not.

And one of the things it was not, at least in its public actions, was overtly and institutionally racist.

So, Black quarterbacks and skilled position players got a chance here long before they did in the U.S. pro leagues, where the unspoken, but very real, prejudice was that they didnt have the required cultural background or, frankly, mental tool set.

The Grey Cup crystallizes trends in Canadian football, providing their historical benchmarks.

When Chuck Ealey became the first Black quarterback to win a professional football championship, leading the Hamilton Tiger-Cats to the 1972 Grey Cup title at Ivor Wynne Stadium 16 years before Doug Williams became the first African-American to start at quarterback in the Super Bowl it was merely the final step in a logical progression.

Long before, in 1951, Bernie Custis of those same Tiger-Cats became the first Black quarterback to win steady employment as a professional quarterback. Anywhere.

Herb Trawick was the first Black Canadian pro player, hired by Lew Hayman to play for the Montreal Alouettes in their founding season of 1946 after Hayman saw how Jackie Robinson was accepted earlier that year with the Montreal Royals.

Trawick, a lineman, recovered a fumble for a touchdown in the 1949 Grey Cup game and played against the Eskimos running back Johnny Bright, a brilliant American who had been the victim of a racial incident playing college ball in 1951 and the No. 1 draft choice of the Philadelphia Eagles, whom he rejected in favour of Edmonton, because he would have been their first Negro player and I didnt know what kind of treatment I would receive with all those southern players coming into that league.

It was not altruism that put the Grey Cup so far ahead of American championship games in sociological advances. The Canadian game needed players and the U.S. had some good ones they would not use because of prejudicial attitudes.

It would also be impossible and a bald lie to even hint that there is, and has been, no prejudice in Canada.

Trawick, for instance, could find no employment other than hotel doorman in his post-Als career, Custis was the target of vicious verbal abuse by players on Trawicks very own team and 1957 Grey Cup star Cookie Gilchrist always claimed the CFL was racist.

But, in Canadas postwar public institutions and rites, of which the Grey Cup is among the oldest, acceptance tends to be based on, in Ealeys terms, who you are, not the colour of your skin. It became evident as soon as I came to Canada, walking down the streets, just the culture.

Forty years later, Ealey hits the philosophical nail on the head as squarely as he hit Tony Gabriel with those three passes to set up the Grey Cups winning field goal.

Canada doesnt have to be boisterous about it, they just live it every day, he told The Spectator. My skin colour never became an issue when I came here. Nobody ever even talked about it. I was never looking for the other shoe to drop.

By the time Williams made Super Bowl history in 1988, Black stars such as Ealey, Roy Dewalt, Warren Moon, Danny Barrett, J.C. Watts and Condredge Holloway had already pivoted teams in Canadas national championship.

And, in 1982, six years before Williams made his singular Super Bowl start, both quarterbacks in the Grey Cup, Moon and Holloway, were African-American. And, if it was noted, it was noted only in passing, so to speak. No big deal, Grey Cup business as usual.

Race may be the most prominent, but it is just one of the issues in which the Grey Cup has embodied Canadas relationship to its large, friendly neighbour.

Stretching a theme, Canada, an exporter of natural resources, ships hockey players to the States but imports football players, who are generally nearly-finished products.

And we are a nation of immigrants who came here for the opportunities denied elsewhere.

In football, and in the Grey Cup, those opportunities involved not only race, but body types. The Canadian game requires a different skill set in many positions defensive halfbacks, rush ends, quarterback among them than the U.S. game does, so Doug Flutie, Joe Montford, Damon Allen, Ron Lancaster and dozens of others became Grey Cup champions and Hall of Famers here when they were pretty well rejected in the U.S. because of their physical dimensions. That doesnt make the Canadian game necessarily smaller, or poorer, only different.

Football was among the first industries in Canada to deal directly with heavy, and expanding, American influence. And that stemmed exclusively from the Grey Cup.

The nine Western teams that came east for the Grey Cup had all lost, and usually humiliatingly so, until the Winnipeg Pegs brought the legendary Fritzie Hanson and eight other Americans into the Hamilton AAA grounds and beat the Tigers for the 1935 Grey Cup title.

In ensuing years, ad hoc rules and petty eastern jealousies barred many American players from competing for the Grey Cup with their western-based teams but, by 1946, the Canadian Rugby Union, the precursor of the CFL, addressed the problem by capping American participation in the Grey Cup to five players per team. You could easily argue that concept was the thin edge of the wedge for legislated protectionism in other Canadian cultural spheres: music, publishing and electronic media. By 1952, the Grey Cup ceiling was eight Americans and, by 1958, as Canadas economy and culture had become far more influenced by the U.S. than the U.K, it was a dozen. Now, 17 of the 24 starters can be Americans, but the quota system still exists.

The 1945 Grey Cup was the last to be played without Americans on either team. The irony is that the game featured Winnipeg, which had started the whole import controversy because of a Grey Cup 10 years earlier, and Toronto, which would become known in the 1960s and most of the 50s and 70s, too, as the home of the highest-priced, most-hyped and least effective Americans at least as far as Grey Cup success was concerned.

Federal cabinet minister Marc Lalondes Canadian Football Act of 1974, which never became actual law, scared the American-based World Football League out of this country before it could set up shop, came just four months after the team representing Canadas capital won the Grey Cup and was a rare flexing of nationalistic muscle by the government.

The shifting nature of Canadas currency and national ethos, relative to the U.S., is also obvious in Grey Cup history. When our dollar was pegged much higher in the 1950s, the CFL regularly outbid the NFL for top U.S. college talent, including many enduring Grey Cup greats such as Jackie Parker, Bernie Faloney and Hal Patterson.

But, by the early 1990s, the Canadian league couldnt compete financially because of the plunging dollar and a collapsing CFL economy related partly to the classically Canadian inferiority complex that anything that doesnt make it in the U.S. isnt worth supporting in Canada.

To buy time and capital and, even if they will never admit it, some legitimacy the league expanded into the U.S. It was a disaster, overall, but may have averted the folding of the CFL. The American experiment lasted only three years in total, but resulted in the worst blight in Grey Cup history when the Baltimore Stallions won the 1995 title, using all American players.

But, by the following season, all of the American franchises folded, and the Stallions had been forced to move to Montreal. The league and the Grey Cup, were forced to retrench and, with no other options, stumbled upon what has clearly been its long-term saviour (besides TSN money): its unique Canadiana. The barrage of nationalistic slogans Radically Canadian, Our Balls Are Bigger, Its Our Game, et al has not stopped since then.

And, while mining that lode in the late 1990s, the CFL made a startling discovery. While a generation-plus of Canadians loved to dis the CFL in public, especially compared to the NFL, in the privacy of their own homes, they cherished the Grey Cup, the very symbol of the league they said they had no taste for. Television audiences for the Cup were inexplicably massive.

Thats when the CFL knew they had seriously undervalued the Grey Cup and its relevance to Canadas identity, and began promoting the heck out of it, essentially leading us to what (was) a spectacular week in previously resistant Toronto for the 100th Grey Cup.

It is blatant parallelism, but also a historical accident, that the 100th Grey Cup should be played in southern Ontario, the site of so many 1812 battles, during the 200th anniversary of the last armed conflict between the U.S. and Canada. But the most enduring symbolism is never intentional.

And as Gov. General David Johnston cracked at a CFL Congress in Toronto, not long after the 99th Grey Cup: Had we lost that war, wed all be watching four-down football.

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Our Coast’s history: The early days of Bogue Banks | Coastal Review – Coastal Review Online

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I found this group of photographs at theState Archives of North Carolinain Raleigh. They were taken in Salter Path, a fishing village on the North Carolina coast, probably in 1938 or 1939.

Salter Path is located on Bogue Banks, a 21-mile-long barrier island best known for being the site ofFort Macon State Park,theNorth Carolina Aquariumand some of the states most popular beach resort communities, including Atlantic Beach, Pine Knoll Shores and Emerald Isle.

I want to look at the history of Salter Path before the first hotels and condominiums were built there. WhenCharles A. Farrelltook these photographs, Salter Path was the only settlement of any kind on the western two-thirds of the island.

At that time, no paved road yet led to Salter Path. People came and went largely in boats. Lights were few and far between. On a clear night, you felt as if you could see every star in the heavens.

Farrells photographs give us a glimpse of Salter Path just before the hotels and beach resorts showed up, the first paved road was built and all the rest.

I have paired Farrells photographs today with brief excerpts from a book calledJudgment Land: The Story of Salter Path, which was written by an island visitor and sometimes resident named Kay Holt Roberts Stephens back in 1984.

Long out of print, Kay Stephens book lets us hear the voices of some of villages oldest residents at that time. Several of those island people recalled when Salter Path was first settled in the 1890s.

The oldest of those islanders even remembered other settlements that were located on the western half of Bogue Banks in the late 1800s Yellow Hill, Rice Path, Bells Cove and others. Those communities faded away in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Some of their people moved to Broad Creek and other communities on the mainland, but others helped to build the new village of Salter Path.

With the help of those peoples memories and Farrells photographs, we can learn at least a bit about what Salter Path and the whole western part of Bogue Banks was like in those long-ago days.

Approximately a mile west of where Salter Path is now, in a section of the island that was nestled down among live oak glades and sand dunes, there used to be a little village called Rice Path.

InJudgment Land, Kay Stephens described how Rice Path got its name:

Sometime between 1865 and 1880, a shiploaded with ricewrecked on the beach. The families living on the banks went aboard ship, filled their bags with rice and carried it across the sand dunes through the low growing shrubs, through the closely knit live oak trees and then on to the shores of Bogue Sound. There they loaded therice on their skiffs and took it home. From then on the path and the settlement that grew up in the vicinity was referred to as Rice Path.

According to the old islanders who visited with Kay Stephens, the move of the people in Rice Path and the other little settlements on the western part of Bogue Banks to Salter Path was prompted partly by a changing economy and partly by a changing landscape.

By 1896, some of the settlers on the western end of Bogue Banks were becomingdissatisfied with their homesites. Each year it became more difficult to raise a garden due to the encroaching sand and salt spray. The families living between Hopey Ann Hill and Yellow Hill were especially affected as portions of the banks were eroding rapidly. Also, the settlers felt a need to be closer to Beaufort and Morehead City, the towns they turned to for trade. Therefore in March of 1896 the first permanent settlers moved to the area, which would be called the village of Salter Path.

One of Kay Stephens best sources is an unpublished memoir written by an island woman named Alice Guthrie Smith. Ms. Smith was born at the Rice Path in 1892, and she apparently wrote her recollections of her early life on the island sometime in the 1950s.

I have never seen her recollections, but fortunately Stephens quotes from them liberally.

Like quite a few other families, Alice Guthrie Smiths family came to Bogue Banks from Shackleford Banks, the barrier island just to the east. Her grandparents, John Wallace and Hopey Ann Guthrie, left Shackleford Banks after he had a severe fall at the Cape Lookout Lighthouse and was left crippled.

Hopey Ann Guthrie apparently thought that life might be a little easier on Bogue Banks than at Shackleford. I am not sure why, though I suspect that she wanted a new home closer to the mainland and a bit more protected from the hurricanes that had been so hard on the villages at Shackleford.

John Wallace died two or three years after the familys arrival at the Rice Path. Hopey Ann raised their large family on her own, living largely off the sea. The site of their home came to be known as Hopey Ann Hill.

In her memoir, Alice Guthrie Smith remembered when her family left the Rice Path and moved to Salter Path.

Kay Stephens quotes her inJudgment Land:

Well, we lived to that house until March 1896. (Our neighbors) Rumley Willis, Henry Willis, Alonza Guthrie and Damon Guthrie all decided they would move to the Salter Path. So, here we go. Well the day came for everybody to go down to the Salter Path and clear up theirplace, burn the pine straw and leaves and get their place ready to take their house down. So, Rumley put his house on a hill near the sound on the east side of the Salter Path that runs from the ocean to the sound. There were large oak trees all around his house. It was a beautiful place to build There were only four families at first, but it wasnt long before most of the people that lived to Rice Path, Yellow Hill, Bills Point and Belco moved to Salter Path and Broad Creek.

The early settlers at Salter Path did not hold deeds to the property that they occupied, but saw the land being unused and made their homes there, a very old practice on the banks.

For that reason, the squatters, as they became known, later ran into legal entanglements, including a formal complaint from the lands actual owner, a New Yorker named Alice Hoffman, who was Eleanor Roosevelts aunt. The legal issues were resolved in the 1920s and the Salter Pathers were allowed to stay on the land, though with restrictions that limited the villages growth.

Community life at Salter Path revolved around a solitary church, a tiny graded school and, for the men at least, the general store. In her memoir, Alice Guthrie Smith recalled that first church in Salter Path:

That was the place where all the churches in Carteret County would meet and have their summer picnics. Oh, wasnt that a happy time for everybody present! Everybody was in love and harmony witheach other, and we looked forward to that day. Everybody took their baskets full of good things to eat and after everybody got through eating and drinking lemonade, we would have preaching and singing or somebody would make a speech. Now, that was the good old days!

My mother was born and raised in Harlowe, a little community 12 miles from Salter Path on the mainland of Carteret County. I still remember her telling me about a Sunday school picnic on Bogue Banks. It may have been the only time that she visited the island as a child, which was around the time of these photographs.

She said it was quite an adventure. They made the journey by boat and at that age, she had rarely if ever traveled so far from home.

One of the states oldest and largest fisheries, thesalt mullet fisherywas a big part of life on Bogue Banks in the 1930s.

This is one of my favorite images fromJudgment Land:

In thesummerwhen the mullet would run in big black schools out in the ocean, some of the settlers would come to the beach near Riley (Salter)s home. They would encircle the mullet with the long nets which had been knit by their women. Hundreds of pounds of mullet would be brought to shore. All day long the women would sit with their `sitting up babies between their legs and split and gut the fish. Their long cotton dresses and even their sunbonnets were slick where they had wiped their hands .

Mullet fishing is still important in Salter Path today, though perhaps it means more now to the fishermens hearts than it does to their pantries or pocketbooks. The beach seine fishery for mullet has come and gone elsewhere on the North Carolina coast, but a solitary crew of the villages men still persist in fishing in much the same way as their ancestors did for many generations before them.

InJudgmentLand, Kay Stephens also quotes Alice Guthrie Smiths memoir about the way that the islanders traded their salt mullet for other things that they needed in life.

They would wash and clean them so they could salt them down, head them up, and leave those barrels of fish on the beach until sometime later. In the fall, October or November, a large boat from Down East (the eastern part of Carteret County) would come up to Salter Path loaded with sweet potatoes and corn. They would trade the corn and potatoes for the fish that the people had salted.

The way they got the fish from the beach to the sound was to tie a rope around the barrel and two men would get a long pole and put it through the rope, take the poles on their shoulders, and carry the barrels down the Salter Path to the sound. There they put them in skiffs, took them out to the deep water where the large boat was and put them aboard the boat after they took the corn and potatoes out.

According to legend, the coming and going of those mullet fishermen wore a sandy path from the ocean beach across the dunes and swales to the shores of Bogue Sound. The path ran by the home of Riley Salter and his family, which led people to call it Salter Path and gave the village its name.

When Kay Stephens was researchingJudgmentLand,she spent a great deal of time with Lillian Golden, a local woman who was born on the island in 1901.

I love Lillian Goldens descriptions of island life because they are sogranular: in Ms. Goldens words, you can really hear and understand the practicalities of how the Bogue Bankers fashioned a life there on the edge of the sea.

In this excerpt fromJudgment Land, Stephens recounts how Lillian Golden described how the islanders made their mattresses.

The villagers made their ticking out of flat homespun. The mattress that was placed on top of the slats was stuffed with seaweed. A feather mattress was placed on top of the seaweed mattress. The seaweed used in the mattresses was gathered along the shore and spread on bushes. It was left there through several rains so the salt water and other material could wash out. The sun would then bleach the seaweeds.

Well into the 20th century, the villagers made feather mattresses. Stephens talked with another local woman, for instance, whose mother had a mattress stuffed with robin feathers.

In the 1800s and into the 1900s, the islanders often caught robins and other songbirds in fishing nets spread among the wax myrtle and yaupon bushes around their homes. They valued the birds for their feathers, but also sought them out in order to feed their families.

Now and then, the sea provided very different kinds of gifts. In her memoir, Alice Guthrie Smith recalled, for instance, how wind and waves knocked a load of lumber off a schooner during the great hurricane of 1885.

The lumber washed up on Bogue Banks and after the storm, she wrote, everybody that needed lumber went over to the beach and pulled up all they wanted. Dad saved enough to start him a small house to the Rice Path.

I am always surprised, when I visit the old homes on Salter Path or on Ocracoke or some other island village, how often people tell me that this rooms floor or this chest of drawers or this table came off a shipwreck years ago.

It always feels as if there is no limit to the way that the islanders were bound to and shaped by the ways of the sea.

Now and then, I get a glimpse inJudgment Landat something that I rarely hear talked about: the fear that the islands women felt for their safety and the safety of their daughters when their husbands were away fishing and hunting or when their husbands had died and left them on their own.

Kay Stephens tells the story, for instance, of a night during the Civil War when three men from the mainland forced their way into the home of Francis and Horatio Frost and raped two of their daughters. At the time, Horatio and their only son were gigging flounder on Bogue Sound.

In another part of the book, Lillian Golden recalled the fear that she and her widowed mother felt at their home in Salter Path when she was a girl.

The neighborhoodwasnt thickly settled, and youdidnt think of calling nobody I was scared to go to sleep nights. We were in the woods. The otheryounguns had a father with them, you see.

Like so many other young women of the time, Lillian did not wear make-up and rarely wore jewelry in the hope that she could avoid mens attentions.

I found Lillian Goldens recollections of her widowed mother especially entrancing when I rereadJudgment Landthe other day.

Her mother, Mary Francis Smith, took her husbands death very hard. He was scarcely 30 years old when he died after a long illness in 1901. Beset by grief, Laura Francis was visited by nightmares for years.

Lillian told Kay Stephens that, in order to comfort her mother, she slept with her, nuzzled against her back, from the time that she was a little girl until she was married in 1918.

Yet for all that, Mary Francis managed to provide for herself and her children.

She clammed and caught soft-shell crabs in the spring and summer. She took in sewing, sometimes stayingup late into the night to finish a dress that was wanted the next day. In the fall and winter she and her children would cut wood and sell it by the cord

She would cut the leaves off theyaupon (bushes)and sell them to a factory on Harkers Island. (Harkers Island is 18 miles east of Salter Path.) There the leaves were cured and put into sacks and sold under the brand name`Carolina Tea.

In 1905 after her aunt Mahalia Ann Guthrie was no longer able to serve as the village midwife, Laura Francis began her long career delivering the babies not only in Salter Path but elsewhere on the banks.

She was a little bit of everything: fisherwoman, seamstress, woodcutter, herbalist, midwife and mother, as well as, for a time, the villages postmistress.

To get by, Mary Francis saved and reused every little thing, kept two big gardens and spun her own thread and made her familys clothes. Her neighbors shared and together they made do and got by.

My friend Karen Willis Amspacher is the director and guiding spirit at theCore Sound Waterfowl Museum and Heritage Centeron Harkers Island. Many of her ancestors came from Shackleford Banks, the island I mentioned earlier that is just to the east of Bogue Banks.

More than once, when we have been discussing how hard it was to survive on those islands back in the day, Karen has just shaken her head and told me, Those were some tough folks, David. Thats all I can say. Those were some tough folks.

Coastal Review is featuring the work of North Carolina historian David Cecelski, who writes about the history, culture and politics of the North Carolina coast. Cecelski shares on hiswebsiteessays and lectures he has written about the states coast as well as brings readers along on his searchfor the lost stories of our coastal past in the museums, libraries and archives he visits in the U.S. and across the globe.

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How to View and Clear Download History in Google Chrome – How-To Geek

Posted: at 2:41 am

While using Google Chrome on Windows, Mac, Linux, or Chrome OS, its easy to see a list of your previously downloaded files and to clear your download history if necessary. Heres how to do it.

First, open Google Chrome. In any window, click the main menu button (three vertical dots) in the upper-right corner. In the menu that appears, click Downloads.

When the Downloads tab opens, youll see your download history presented as a list of files. If you have any active downloads, they will also be shown here. Depending on the status of each file, what you see beside its entry will change. If a file has been deleted since you downloaded it, youll see Deleted beside the file name. If the download was interrupted, you can often resume the download by clicking the Resume button.

RELATED: How to Resume an Interrupted Download in Google Chrome

Also, you can conveniently open the files location with a handy link. To do so in Finder on a Mac, click Show in Finder. To open the files location on Linux, Chrome OS, or Windows, click Show in Folder.

Whenever youre done checking the Downloads list, just close the Downloads tab. Chrome will keep a record of your downloads unless you manually clear the list.

If you want to erase your download history in Chrome, first open the Downloads tab by clicking the three dots menu button, then select Downloads.

To remove an individual download from the Downloads list, click the X button in the upper-right corner of the entry. (This will not erase the file that Chrome saved to your computer.)

Repeat this with any other files you want to remove from the Downloads list.

To completely wipe your Chrome download history, first click the three dots button located on the blue Downloads toolbar.

In the small menu that pops up, select Clear All.

Chrome will completely erase your downloads list. Any files you have downloaded will not be affected.

Keep in mind that Incognito Mode (Chromes private browsing mode) will not erase your downloads list. So if you want to keep your download history clear for privacy reasons, youll need to erase it manually using the steps above on a regular basis. Happy downloading!

RELATED: How to Open Chrome's Incognito Mode with a Keyboard Shortcut

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How to View and Clear Download History in Google Chrome - How-To Geek

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