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Monthly Archives: April 2021
Top 10 Female Life Coaches That Will Impact Your Life in 2021 – GlobeNewswire
Posted: April 15, 2021 at 6:30 am
NEW YORK, April 14, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Why are life coaches so popular these days? Life coaches have helped their clients in many ways, ranging from achieving and maintaining a good mindset to shedding light on tough decisions. They help you in setting the right goal and gain confidence along the way.
If you are planning to invest your time with life coaches, then today is your lucky day as Building Your Authority has compiled a list of the best female life coaches that will impact and elevate your life this year.
These women have proven their reputation with years of undying passion for helping their clients. For them, providing compassion and commitment is an absolute priority when it comes to maintaining partnerships and creating results with their clients.
In this list, these incredible women offer different niches in their line of business that can impact your life in 2021!
1.Nadiya Manji (@nadiyamanji)
Nadiya Manji is a highly sought-after transformational master coach, registered clinical hypnotherapist, board-certified master neuro-linguistic programmer, and emotional intelligence expert; who helps clients achieve powerful internal alignment and optimal mental health. Author of the book Searching for Balance, Nadiya shares her story and the pivotal life lessons that changed her life, unlocking her high performance through internal alignment. Nadiya first shared her message of alignment and the work-life balance fallacy on the TEDx stage. Nadiya develops self-awareness in professionals of all levels, producing aligned, emotionally intelligent, and resilient leaders through her twenty years of global experience, honing her skills in science, spirituality, and intuition. Nadiya offers a wide range of life coaching programs, corporate workshops, and training sessions through her Rewire Your Life, Rewire your Business, and Profound Wellness programs.
Begin your personal transformation with Nadiya here, or learn more about her through LinkedIn, Instagram, or Facebook.
2.Kelly Kristin (@mskellykristin)
Kelly Kristin (@mskellykristin) is a globally known coach and the founder of The Worshipped Woman Movement. She focuses on helping women recover from toxic relationships. Her goal is to help women who are ready to break the cycle, heal, and experience the love and life they deserve. Between her online on-demand programs, group and private clients, Kelly has already helped over 3000 women in their personal transformation. Kellys book, The Call to Rise, became an instant bestseller on Amazon and continues to inspire and uplift women all over the world. Kelly is an expert in subconscious transformation and facilitates deep healing through embodiment practices and an emphasis on nervous system regulation. She utilizes a number of unique modalities and her own personal knowledge of having been through toxic relationships, which in turn, allows her to offer a one-of-a-kind coaching experience. Her mission is to have every woman recognize and embody their worth, love themselves fully, and become their own version of The Worshipped Woman. To learn more about Kelly and her upcoming programs, visit her at Kelly Kristin Co.
3. Dr. Nikki Starr Noce(@drnikkistarr)
Dr. Nikki Starr Noce is a medical doctor turned transformational life coach. Shes traveled the world touching every continent except Antarctica, researching alternative healing modalities while awakening her innate healing and intuitive abilities. Dr. Nikki comes from a lineage of Colombian healers. She also appeared on the FOX show Utopia where they named her #DrLove. Dr. Nikki Starr uses a holistic approach to help clients dissolve drama and turn pain into purpose with the Awaken Your Spiritual Power Guidebook. She also works with high-achieving women ready to rise to their next level via the Ultimate Woman Uprising Cheat Sheet.
4.Emily Harris (@_emilyanneharris)
Emily Harris is a Lifestyle Coach and Mindset Mentor for overwhelmed women who are ready to break free from autopilot and step into their power. Following a burnout in 2019, Emily became a certified life coach. For Emily, true fulfillment comes from knowing that we all have the power to wildly transform our lives if we're prepared to get back in the driver's seat.
Emily's 12-week program involves a blend of deep self-discovery, spirituality, and mindset work which, using her unique formula; Connection + Compassion + Conscious Creation = Freedom, creates massive shifts for everyone who works with her. Emily endeavors to make herself redundant by empowering her clients to walk away with unshakeable confidence and self-trust, breaking through anything that stands in their way.
Emily is committed to guiding her community to take control and consciously create the powerful, purposeful, and fulfilling life they were born to live. Visit her website here.
5.Courtney Quinn (@coachingwithcourt)
Courtney Quinn is an intuitive life and health coach who aims to help women step into their power, reclaim their radiance, and live a life of fulfillment. Through one-on-one life coaching, and her high-level mastermind Reclaiming Radiance, she has helped women gain clarity on what they want in life, commit to healthy rituals that set them up for success, and let go of limiting beliefs that hold them back from their true potential. She began coaching over 5 years ago, where she started in fitness and nutrition. Since then, Courtney Quinn has helped hundreds of women transform their bodies, mind, and life. If you are looking to up level your life in 2021 and reclaim your radiant power as a woman, visit her website here to learn more.
6.Chrystal Rose (@xtalrose)
Chrystal Rose is a Self-Love Life Coach, entrepreneur & host of the Self Love Breakfast Club Podcast. She is dedicated to helping women heal their hustle, make peace with food and their bodies, and step into their best selves. Chrystals passion and desire to create a massive impact stems from surviving an incredibly traumatic childhood. She now uses the same techniques in her coaching that allowed her to heal. Rather than focusing on the surface with mindset and behavioral change, Chrystal helps her clients achieve lasting results by getting to the root and healing it from within. Chrystal offers multiple levels of accessibility, from her high-level one-on-one coaching, group program Pendulum, retreats, to a full-blown membership site coming soon. She is obsessed with exceeding her clients expectations and promises youll never feel the need to pick up a self-help book again. If you are truly ready to transform, visit Chrystals website.
7.Natacha Cottu (@natachacottu)
Natacha Cottu is a life and business coach for World Enhancers.
She believes that the world is in the direction of shaping itself for the better. Her priority is to empower people who want to take part in this positive change, hence the name World Enhancers.
She focuses on two pillars; mindset and project/business strategy and execution. Thanks to her business background, she understands the inner struggles her clients face when starting, which often are lack of clarity, self-doubt, and inconsistency. Natacha helps them turn into empowered, in-the-zone, and high-momentum World Enhancers.
While building her World Enhancers Community, she is going forward with her vision of aligning people and business, so that it becomes a no-brainer for the longer term.
Dont let your potential and creation be untapped, the world needs it! If you feel that boiling energy inside, want to participate in change for the better, and don't know where and how to start? Get in touch with Natacha today!
8.Kristy Love (@KristyLove)
Kristy Love is the CEO of Kristy Love LLC Coaching. She is a Mindset/Quantum Coach and NLP Practitioner. Over the last six years, Kristy has worked with clients to uncover the beliefs, blocks, behaviors, habits, and patterns of thinking that prevent them from living the life that they desire through her Mindset Coaching Programs. 95% of Kristys clients have achieved new jobs they love, started businesses, improved their credit scores, changed their diet, and gained new mental growth by completing her program. Kristy states, Think about this, what is it costing you to hold on to your excuses and procrastination? What are the benefits of holding on to your limiting beliefs? Then make a decision from there. If youre looking to step into the best possible version of you, book a consultation with coach Kristy Love and check out her Mindset Programs.
9.Brooke Summer Adams (@brxc)
Brooke Summer Adams is an internationally accredited Transformation Coach and NLP Master Practitioner, coaching women into the very best version of themselves. Specializing in mindset, self-worth, and lifestyle transformations, Brooke works one-on-one with clients, runs her Best-Self Blueprint course, and provides training in various online communities. She showcases an impressive amount of testimonies and client transformations on her social media, and credits her results to addressing the root of the problems, rather than their symptoms. This approach, Brooke says, is what allows her to address many of my clients complaints simultaneously, allowing for total transformations in a relatively short amount of time. Find out how to work with her on her website, and join her free Transformative Trainings Facebook community here to learn how her work helps women become their best versions, so they can love themselves and their lives.
10.Sushma (@resetwithsushma)
Sushma is an Emotional Alignment Specialist and master life coach based in Dubai. She uses NLP tools and Time Paradigm techniques to enable her clients to clean up their suppressed negative emotions and self-limiting beliefs on a subconscious level. Shedding layers and aligning your thoughts and actions with your desires is an integral part of any healing, as it helps a person build resilience.
Sushma specializes in coaching her clients to break thought patterns, build self-worth, and get them to a state of feeling empowered through her program. The Reset Alignment Program is done over ten days and consists of seven coaching sessions which are ninety minutes each. She has seen phenomenal results in her clients once they discover their true selves and feel empowered to achieve their goals.
During her sessions, her clients release many years of piled up negative emotions like anger, resentment, fear, and live a more fulfilling life. Her biggest strength lies in her very own life experiences, which have enabled her to intuitively heal, guide, and uplift her clients effortlessly. The techniques used during the program result in creating a change swiftly, whilst keeping the growth consistent. One can expect to feel totally new from within and gain immense clarity about their lives as they finish the program. As Sushma states, You are simply a decision away from creating lasting change from within.
A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/4c486046-8014-4b71-b397-d2f526e314f8
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Top 10 Female Life Coaches That Will Impact Your Life in 2021 - GlobeNewswire
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When the newest big name addition to Nuneaton’s Ropewalk Shopping Centre will open – Coventry Live
Posted: at 6:30 am
Construction work on the newest addition to Nuneaton's Ropewalk Shopping Centre continues.
The new Barclays bank continues to take shape at the main Queens Road entrance to the mall.
It is in readiness for when the new branch opens its doors next month.
The bank has now officially left its former home, the hugely prominent Grade II listed building in Market Place.
Its last day of trade from historic building, which is now on the market, was on Friday, April 9, and customers have to wait until May for the new branch to open.
A sign previously on the window said: "Your Nuneaton branch will be moving on Friday, 9 April 2021.
"We will be closing on Friday 9 April 2021 and will re-open at our new home on Monday 10 May 2021."
It goes on to add: "Your new branch will have a new look and a feel along with the latest banking technology."
As we reported in our newsletter, news about the bank's move was first revealed when a planning application was submitted to Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council.
The application requested permission for the bank to move to the unit 15A, the former home of Utopia clothing, which faces onto Queens Road.
Utopia moved into the former Topshop and Topman unit within the shopping centre, leaving its old unit empty.
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When the newest big name addition to Nuneaton's Ropewalk Shopping Centre will open - Coventry Live
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How to get on board Nottingham’s Grub Run – fitness with a tasty reward – Nottinghamshire Live
Posted: at 6:30 am
Bored with pacing the same streets and parks or lacking motivation to get off the couch?
If so a Nottingham runner has planned new running routes themed around restaurants and eateries.
Each month the Grub Run, founded by primary school teacher Marc Faulder, has a different venue with a tasty treat to eat after exercising.
The 33-year-old, from Cotgrave, said: "The idea is that the runner places their order before running and collects to eat afterwards, starting and ending at the food venue.
"I am publishing one Grub Run each month of the year, but they can be downloaded and followed at any time.
"Whenever I feel unmotivated to run, it is route planning that excites me again."
The routes are planned around click and collect services and this month's Grub Run starts and ends at the Rustic Crust in Farnsfield. May's route will be announced shortly.
March was Annie's Burger Shack, February was Doughnotts and in January runners could reward themselves by buying chocolate from Chocolate Utopia in Friar Lane.
Marc, who started running in 2015 through Couch to 5k, said he has always been motivated to run in new places and see the sights. After his first marathon in Amsterdam, he trained to run events in other cities and countries.
He said: "When the third lockdown came in January 2021, I was a runner who was uninspired by running the same streets, parks and trails.
"My running club, Holme Pierrepont RC, remained closed, parkrun still postponed and all race events continued to be cancelled. I watched as local businesses continued to be creative and adapt the way they could sell products and remain open. I decided to plan new running routes around these new creative click and collect restaurants and eateries.
"Grub Runs are designed to support local businesses and motivate people to lace-up and run the streets with a new focus or goal. They are three to five mile routes that can be ran or walked, or both."
Run so far have taken in the sights including the Arboretum, the Sky Mirror, the Park Tunnel and along canal paths out to the River Trent.
"It's a chance for local people to rediscover our city of culture, history and art or a chance for new residents to discover the gems of Nottingham."
"After completing the run, good food can be collected and enjoyed. Its like getting a coffee and cake after a parkrun, a feeling of community and connectedness without the crowds but knowing the route is the same and can be shared on social media or by meeting with a friend to exercise."
As lockdown started to ease, Grub Runs can travel a little further out of the city limits so this month's focus is the pizza restaurant, the Rustic Crust, in Farnsfield, which is the first-off road Grub Run.
"It takes in the countryside scenes of Hexgreave Estate hall and deer park and the Southwell Trail. Theres even a special offer for Grub Runners when they order a DIY pizza kit," added Marc.
"I hope to see groups of friends meeting up to run these routes and catch up over good food as the lockdown continues to ease."
The routes can be downloaded for free at tiny.cc/grubruns or follow @ordinary_marc on Instagram.
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How to get on board Nottingham's Grub Run - fitness with a tasty reward - Nottinghamshire Live
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Letters to the editor April 15 – Daily Inter Lake
Posted: at 6:30 am
Unreasonable requests
I would like to respond to the nasty letter from the CEO of Kalispell Regional Healthcare.
I retired last July, so I can write this without fear of retribution, which would of been swift, sure and vicious. It wouldnt be for this letter, per se, but some other sin, real or imagined. That is one of the unreasonable wants from the nurses, employee advocates. There is none.
The re-organization in 2019 was disastrous. Not only did staff have zero input, this was done right before Christmas! Although I am not a nurse, I worked closely with them in an acute care setting. It was heartbreaking listening to them talk about being afraid to buy their children or grandchildren presents because they didnt know if they would have a job. Then there were all these new executive directors, making an administratively top-heavy organization more so. This heavy-handed, top down change is what started the drive for the union. I guess its unreasonable to want a say in what happens to you on the job.
What the CEO also doesnt mention is the high turnover of skilled acute care nurses going to travel nursing. Why are they doing this? When they walk out the door, they can immediately make double, if not more. Wanting decent wages and benefits is unreasonable.
It is also not mentioned about staffing. Wanting a good nurse-to-patient ratio for the safety and security of the patient is unreasonable. I can remember a shift when there was an LPN and a new graduate nurse for 20 patients. 20! Is that safe? They set up staffing based on productivity numbers instead of acuity, i.e. the sicker a patient is, the more staff is needed.
The letter written in the paper, and giving all the non-union staff higher wages are all a blatant attempt to break the union and bribe the non-union staff form doing so.
I was appalled and deeply angry at this trying to turn the community against the nurses. Shame on you, sir.
Patrice Neal, Columbia Falls
How do you warn friends who no longer hear your words? How do you get through to someone who hears global socialism and sees a utopia?
Global socialism, the Democratic goal of today, will give us an earth that will look like Cuba, Venezuela, China or the pre-Cold War USSR. Anyone who has lived in or spent time in these countries, one or all, knows the ultimate disaster we are facing. Do yourself a favor of talking to anyone who has escaped one of these totalitarian socialist governments. They will all beg you to not go down this path.
The magic of the U.S. lies in one word that completely disappears in the vocabulary of socialist countries: opportunity. Opportunity to seek your dreams of lifestyle, occupation, belief system, and happiness only lies where the cultivation of hope is possible. In a land where the decisions of your life are no longer your own, but left to the regulations and decision making boards, your dreams only die and wither.
I have had the experience of having conversations with people still trapped in or escaped from these socialist governments. Talk to someone who has heard, first-hand, directly from a Cuban just coming out of a ration card food distribution center, escaped from Venezuela to feed their starving children, had their reproductive decisions made by the Chinese government, escaped from a USSR labor factory to work and thrive in a U.S. company. No one sees the slippery slope coming, its a fallacy, until it isnt. They didnt see it.
William Lincoln, Lakeside
As a biomedical scientist, I watched with dismay last year as the CDC said masks only protect other people and not the wearer. Huh?
They also said the SARS-Cov-2 virus that causes the disease, Covid-19, is mainly spread by coughs from infected people. Clearly absurd because the virus was spreading like wildfire and not that many people cough in public.
Anyone who searched the available literature about the spread of respiratory viruses would have known that the major route of viral spread is through tiny aerosol particles that are released by breathing, talking, or worse, singing and shouting. They dont settle out for hours and travel 20 feet or more.
The CDC, of course, knew all that. Why didnt they say it? Perhaps from political pressure or an overdose of caution because they didnt have peer-reviewed, 10,000 patient, masked and mask-less controlled trials that would have shown that masks greatly reduce Covid transmission and protect the wearer. The point is they failed to state the obvious and many Americans needlessly died.
So, the question becomes how many Americans would have died had we done what other countrys governments did in terms of shutdowns, masking and social distancing? To answer it, we need to look at Covid death rates per million people in a country and compare it to our 535,000 Covid deaths in the U.S.
The answers are startling! If we had done what each of the following countries did, we would have had the following Covid deaths, based on our population: Canada, 196,363; Australia, 12,817; South Korea, 10,606; New Zealand, 1,746; China, 1,142; Thailand, 416. Thailand?
You would think we could have done better than all those countries. Pitiful and tragic, I say. Does anyone still think that government is the enemy?
These data are from statista.com.
Matthews O. Bradley, Kalispell
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Systems control: Introducing a new way of thinking about the climate crisis – The Spinoff
Posted: at 6:30 am
Seven years ago Elizabeth Kolbert wrote The Sixth Extinction. In her new book about climate, Under a White Sky, she finds a middle ground between optimism and apocalyptic bleakness.
Soon it would be too hot J G Ballard, The Drowned World (1962)
The real problem is the sun. It warms the earth which is nice, the basis of all life but over the past 200 years weve altered our planets atmosphere so that it captures too much warmth. And weve failed to reduce our carbon emissions, or even slow their rapid growth, and it seems obvious that well continue to fail, that the problem defies our economic and political systems. So the atmosphere will continue to capture more and more warmth with increasingly dire consequences.
The solution is obvious. Dim the sun.
Elizabeth Kolbert is the climate reporter for the New Yorker. She won the Pulitzer prize for her 2014 book The Sixth Extinction, a collection of essays describing the accelerating mass extinctions of the modern era, comparing them to previous large scale extinction events in our planets remote past, caused by super volcano eruptions and meteor strikes. The book helped popularise the term the anthropocene, an informal description for our current geological era, a period in which human activity is the most significant actor on the planets ecosystems.
Most climate writing takes an activist approach. It wants to influence politics and policy, and it does this by warning people what might happen if humanity doesnt change our ways in the next six months or 18 months, or three years or 12 years. Those warnings are usually apocalyptic. But the public has remained unpersuaded, and even elected politicians who described themselves as progressive on climate delivered very little action, preferring to set emissions targets for dates decades in the future, which would then get pushed even further out by their replacements.
So The Sixth Extinction wasnt an activist book. It was journalism; calmly and objectively describing a global mass extinction event that was already well underway when it was published seven years ago. Under a White Sky is Kolberts equally detached attempt to imagine the future in a climate changed world; a future that is now inevitable. And she does this by reporting on the present.
In 2019 the journalist David Wallace-Wells published The Uninhabitable Earth, a book that peered beyond scientific reticence by outlining the most dire imaginable consequences of climate change: a planet that is incapable of sustaining human life, a state that Wallace-Wells predicted wed arrive at very soon. No matter how frightened you are of climate change, he warned, you are not nearly frightened enough. Then, in late 2020 the science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson published The Ministry for the Future describing the next stages of the climate apocalypse millions dying in heat waves, vast coastal cities flooded. But he then imagined the progressive/activist response, which leads to the transformation of the global economy into a Piketty-esque zero carbon egalitarian post-nation state techno-utopia.
Robinsons book is dedicated to Frederic Jameson, the literary theorist who claimed it is easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism. Robinson imagines both, ending on a vision of wild optimism. (Along the way he wonders why the worlds central banks dont do carbon quantitative easing, printing money to pay people to sequester carbon instead of using QE to inflate their share markets and metropolitan house prices which is what most western governments are currently doing, including ours. Which might be the most important question in the world right now.) His solutions are partly political, partly economic, mostly technological; the heroes use distributed ledgers to invent new carbon currencies and drone swarms to assassinate the heads of energy companies.
For some climate activists Naomi Klein is the most prominent opting out of the carbon economy is easy. The problem is ideological, and we solve it by waking up and accepting that economic theory is wrong and economic growth is bad. Climate change is useful, in Kleins view: its the catalyst for realising that our real problem is capitalism. The radical transformation of our economy that the climate crisis forces upon us is the path to a better world.
Kleins logic found its way into the degrowth movement of the mid to late 2010s, championed by the Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, in which the consequences of climate change are prevented by halting and then reversing economic growth. But its hard to imagine a political climate in which citizens of developed nations willingly dismantle most of their energy infrastructure to reach emissions parity with the developing world. And its even harder to imagine states like China, India, Brazil or Nigeria scaling back their economic development to meet a global carbon budget that was almost entirely blown out by western nations over the previous hundred years.
For the novelist and former environmental activist Paul Kingsnorth whom Kolbert quotes in Under a White Sky, and who became a harsh critic of the environmental movement for its obsession with carbon accounting and tendency to see the natural world as an engineering challenge and not a sacred entity both technology and degrowth are illusions. There is no way out. Climate change is not ideological but systemic. Humanity has created a trap it cannot escape, a machine that sustains eight billion lives, more every day, who all will fight to keep it running. But its a machine with no pause, and no off switch. Economists merely describe this machine, which will continue to consume the planet and everything on it until the collapse of the ecosystem causes the destruction of our civilisation. Kingsnorths advice: move to the country. Buy a compost toilet. Learn to use a scythe.
Under a White Sky suggests a middle ground between the utopian optimism of writers like Robinson and Klein, and the apocalyptic bleakness of Wallace-Wells and Kingsnorth. Although theres a way in which her conception of the future is more depressing. There is, after all, something romantic about Kingsnorths vision: the terrifying chaos of modernity comes crashing down and the wise survivors live contemplative pastoral lives in the ruins. But what if modernity all the capitalism, globalisation, technological transformation doesnt stop? What if it keeps going? What if the apocalypse never comes? Or, what if it comes but nothing really changes? Kolbert sketches out what Ive come to think of as the boring apocalypse.
She starts with a river. Back in the 1960s Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, a foundational text for the modern environmental movement. It described the devastating impacts of synthetic chemicals on the natural environment. As an alternative to industrial chemicals, Carson suggested, we should be using natural solutions. Instead of spraying a waterway with toxic chemicals to wipe out insects, turning them into rivers of death, we could merely introduce a new species that would consume the insects. It was in this spirit that several species of Asian carp were introduced to lakes in the American south, to control the aquatic plants, algae and molluscs causing problems in the waterways.
The carp were aquafarmed in China for centuries, but when transported to US waterways they found themselves in a new environment with abundant food and no natural predators. They spread rapidly, either eating or outcompeting almost every other aquatic species they encountered. Which was bad for the rivers and lakes of the US south and midwest, but would be disastrous if they reached the great lakes ecosystem of the Atlantic northeast.
For millions of years the Great Lakes basin was separated off from the waterways of the rest of North America, but in the late 19th/early 20th century these systems were linked by the US Army Corps of Engineers, who were charged with redirecting the Chicago River. At the time the river carried Chicagos sewage directly into Lake Michigan, which caused routine outbreaks of cholera and typhoid. The Corps dug a gigantic canal and used it to reverse the rivers flow, carrying the effluent south into the Mississippi river delta. One hundred years later, it became the entry point for the endemic carp, moving upstream, to access the great lakes.
The same Engineer Corps that created the canal were given the job of preventing this, but they couldnt dam or block the waterway because it was still a vital part of Chicagos infrastructure. They looked at a variety of solutions: dosing the canal with poison, irradiating it with UV light, zapping it with ozone, superheating it, turning it anoxic by flooding it with nitrogen. In the end they decided the simplest solution was electricity. Kolbert, inspecting the canal on a pleasure craft called City Living, captures the surreal creepiness of floating down a deliberately electrified river: the dire warning signs, the flights of birds gathering to consume any fish that have been stunned or killed. If a human fell into the river, an engineer informed her, theyd probably die.
Its easy to say that its crazy to electrify an entire river, or that invasive new species shouldnt have been introduced to the US ecosystem, or that the Chicago River shouldnt have been reversed. But Kolberts book is about path dependency. All of those things happened. Theyre locked in and cant be rolled back. Rachel Carsons alternate title for Silent Spring was The Control of Nature, an idea Carson was firmly against. It was grounded in arrogance, she argued, in a worldview in which nature existed for the convenience of man. But what if relinquishing control is no longer an option? What if the attempt to control is already there, and all you have left is trying to control the control, in an endless layering of improvisations and feedback loops?
What will happen to the worlds coastal megacities when the sea levels rise and they begin to flood? Climate stories are often illustrated with drawings of drowned cities; the streets transformed into lagoons beneath the skeletons of abandoned skyscrapers. Kolbert suggests they might look like New Orleans, already a flood-prone city, already below sea level and sinking a little lower every year.
Some of the hydrologists and geologists Kolbert interviews no longer refer to the Mississippi River delta around New Orleans as a landscape, or a natural environment. Instead it is a CHANS: a Coupled Human and Natural System. The scale of the engineering works the levees, floodgates, canals and pumping stations needed to keep the city dry are so vast, so denaturing, the results require a new acronym, a new framework for thinking about humanitys relationship with nature. The section of the Mississippi running through the CHANS is so regulated it can no longer be thought of as a river, in any meaningful way. And, of course, these attempts to control nature have unintended consequences, requiring further interventions.
Some of this is simple. Relatively. Because most of New Orleans is below sea level, any rain falling on it needs to either evaporate or be pumped away by the massive network of pumping stations and canals distributed across the city. But marshy soils compact through dewatering so the city itself is sinking even deeper as a result of all the pumping. Which increases the danger, both from flooding and storm surges, which requires more levees and more pumping. The city is trapped in a loop, each iteration of which escalates both the problem and the solution required.
But the real headache is the river. The Mississippi is regulated to prevent it from drowning the city but its annual flooding once deposited millions of tons of sediment across the delta, and in its absence the land around New Orleans is eroding. It is, Kolbert informs us, one of the fastest-disappearing places on Earth, with the government officially retiring the names of its bays and bayous because theyve been consumed by the Gulf of Mexico. Kolbert flies over the area, observing the roads and fields still visible beneath the slowly rising waters.
Of course there is a plan to fix this, with the Engineer Corps and other agencies dreaming up grand plans to sledge vast amounts of sediment and divert it to the coastline. More control. The coastal cities of the future might not drown but theyll be radically transformed, with pharaonic flood control infrastructure rising to join the skyscrapers and motorways. It will fail, sometimes, as New Orleans does. Residents will get used to storms that scatter fishing boats across the roads and hang dead cows in the branches of trees. And the regions of the landscape that cant be saved because they have no economic value and their residents have no political capital will gradually disappear.
30 August, 2005; New Orleans in the aftermath of Katrina (Photo: Michael Appleton for the New York Daily News Archive, via Getty Images)
The best way to dim the sun to turn down the heat it casts onto our planet is by scattering vast amounts of small reflective particles into the stratosphere. Tiny (manufactured) diamonds are a strong candidate: theyre non-reactive and wont absorb any energy at all; the light scatters harmlessly back into space. But once you spray them into the atmosphere theyll eventually fall back to earth, and no ones quite sure what would happen to any or all of the planets lifeforms when we start inhaling or otherwise metabolising diamond dust.
The scientists Kolbert talks to at the Harvard Solar Geoengineering Research Program like calcium carbonate. Its natural: the main component of eggshells, snail shells, pearls. The air is already full of it; the ecosystem is saturated with it. And it has the right optical properties. Build enough specialised planes, dump enough of it in the atmosphere and itll reduce the energy of the incoming sunlight enough to offset the increased warmth from the greenhouse effect.
This was, Kolbert explains, almost the first technological solution proposed to the problem of climate change. Way back in the 1960s, when American and Soviet scientists first diagnosed the consequences of increased atmospheric carbon, they grimly predicted that nation states were highly unlikely to reduce their emissions, so youd have to counteract the warming some other way, and this seemed like the best answer.
Is it, though? Climate systems are famously hard to model so no one knows what will happen when you dump hundreds of thousands of tons of reflective particles into the atmosphere. The main concern is that itll disrupt rainfall patterns causing droughts in Africa and Asia. It will probably make solar panels less effective so it might increase the demand for fossil fuels. It will probably turn the sky white: that empty, bleached-out colour you already see in skies over megacities like Cairo or Delhi on a hot clear day.
But the biggest problem with solar geoengineering is that unless your atmospheric CO2 drops you have to keep doing it. It doesnt solve the climate crisis; it just addresses one of its symptoms. Imagine the heater in your house is broken: it keeps getting hotter and hotter. You can use an air conditioning unit to cool the rooms down but you havent fixed the heater. So you need to keep turning the air con up, and up, and up, just to maintain a stable temperature.
All those particles diamonds, or calcium carbonate, or whatever gradually fall to earth, but if CO2 levels continue to rise you need more particle dispersal; more flights. And if those flights are powered by fossil fuels you need even more flights to offset the emissions from those flights. And if you stop doing it, for whatever reason, the compounded heat hits very quickly a scenario that climate modellers refer to as a termination shock. So solar engineering is another trap; another loop. Another path dependent attempt to control a system thats too complex to adequately predict or control.
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The Harvard physicists understand all of these problems. In most cases theyre the ones who figured them out. Their argument is that weve already blown past the CO2 level that would see a 1.5C increase in global temperature. Were already locked into a trajectory that will see catastrophic climate change. And emissions arent going down. Itll take decades for the planet to transition to renewable energy economies, even if every country in the world starts now, which most of them wont.
Many of the IPCC pathways that see emissions reduce over the 21st century rely on widespread adoption of an industrial process called BECCS: Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage. In the simplest implementation: you grow a forest, chop it down, burn the wood for energy and separate out the CO2 as its emitted. Then you store this captured carbon by injecting it deep underground, where it soaks into rocks deep in the planets crust. Climate modellers and economists love BECCS because it lets us have things both ways. We generate the energy that powers most economic growth and remove carbon from the atmosphere at the same time.
As of 2019 there were five BECCS facilities around the world, sequestering roughly 0.0004% of the worlds annual carbon emissions (my calculation; not Kolberts). So it needs to scale up by many orders of magnitude, at the same time that were transitioning the worlds 1.5 billion combustion engine vehicle fleet to electric and all the coal plants to solar and nuclear and wind.
The argument for solar geoengineering is that it buys the world time to carry out the transition to carbon neutrality: the transition we should have been working on for the last 30 years. Critics of the idea wonder if humans even have the right to do this. Were already geoengineering, its advocates reply: Thats what climate change is. But right now were geoengineering in this completely unplanned, uncontrolled way. Is it really worse to do it in a planned way to try and correct that? Kolbert quotes Lampedusa: Everything must change for everything to remain the same.
Towards the end of the book Kolbert contrasts three very different environmentalists on the subject of godhood. The technophile Stewart Brand, who said of humanity, We are as gods and might as well get good at it, the biologist EO Wilson who responds, We are not as gods. We are not yet sentient or intelligent enough to be much of anything, and Kingsnorth who commented, We are as gods but we have failed to get good at it. We are Loki, killing the beautiful for fun. We are Saturn, devouring our children.
In one of his most famous essays Kingsnorth wrote:
When I was young, I thought that the world was divided into good and bad people, and that I was one of the good ones. Later, slightly older, I thought it was divided into informed and ignorant people, and that I was one of the informed ones. Older still, though still not nearly old enough, I thought it was divided into Bad Elites and Good Masses, and that since I had no money or power, I must belong to the second category.
Now I think that humans like ease, material comfort, entertainment, and conformity, and they do not like anyone who threatens to take these things away. I think that even the people who say these things should be taken away in order to prevent the collapse of life on Earth do not really mean it The collapse of the industrial economy is, in all likelihood, the only remaining way to prevent the mass destruction of life on Earth.
Some people love this strain of fatalistic nihilism; they relish the prospect of humanity being destroyed for its sins. But Ive met more people whove read Kingsnorth or The Uninhabitable Earth, or other climate doom literature and found themselves overwhelmed with despair. Theyve abandoned environmentalism because whats the point? or decided not to have children, because why bring new life into a world that is about to end?
Under a White Sky points towards a vision of the future that is far from utopian but there is still a future. And it is a future that looks a lot more like the IPCCs higher probability intermediate pathways than the rapid extinction scenarios which have captured so many imaginations, but which weve been steadily moving away from over the last 10 years. Its a future where problems have been caused by people who arent bad, or ignorant or addicted to material ease; theyre smart and well intentioned but working with systems that were too complex for them to predict the consequences of their actions, which are now irreversible. And those problems are partly solved by that same class of people, who are creating further problems downstream. Its a future in which some things are better while others are horrible (the rivers are electrified, the skies are white, Elon Musk is the worlds first carbon currency trillionaire) but both the terrible and miraculous have become banal to those who live in it. A future we still have agency to influence, for better or worse.
Under a White Sky: The Nature of the Future, by Elizabeth Kolbert (Bodley Head, $37) is available from Unity Books Auckland and Wellington.
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Belfast is ready to bounce back | Insight – Property Week
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As large corporates weigh up the pros and cons of the office versus working from home, PwCs commitment to Merchant Square sends a strong signal about its faith in the future of Belfasts office sector. Its commitment to the scheme, which last month became the provinces biggest investment deal when it was sold by Oakland Holdings to a Middle Eastern investor for 87m, could also aidthe regeneration of Belfasts staid core.
So, just how big a role could the accounting giants commitment to Belfast play as we slowly emerge from lockdown?
The office sector in Belfast, along with every other UK town and city, has taken a massive hit from Covid. Figures from Savills show a significant drop in take-up from around 517,000 sq ft in 2019 to 140,000 sq ft in 2020. Data from CBRE shows that 2020 rents for grade-A office space stood between 21/sq ft and 23/sq ft, while rents for refurbished space were around 18/sq ft to 20/sq ft.
Commentators say it is too early to know whether Brexit will also have an impact on the market, but Belfast is expected to emerge from the pandemic stronger and raring to go.
PwCs tenancy announcement has already heralded a mini tsunami in lease take-ups by retail and leisure operators.
Merchant Square is a good location with leisure and public transport
Kevin MacAllister, PwC
No sooner had we signed our deal on Merchant Square than every lease and restaurant was taken up in the surrounding area, says Kevin MacAllister, regional market leader for Northern Ireland at PwC. We will not single-handedly regenerate Belfast city centre, but we are going a fair way to kickstarting it.
Progress would be swifter if there was not a shortage of office space, but the many statement buildings now under way or with planning consent should remedy this (see panel, overleaf).
Several huge projects are also set to alter the face of Belfast in the coming decades. There is Weavers Cross, a new 1bn regional transport hub; The Sixth, which is set to open in the old Belfast Telegraph Building; the Destination Hub a new 100m tourist attraction and cultural hub that the council is currently looking for a site for; and Smithfield Yard, just off the main retail thoroughfare.
All these are making developers salivate and, following the Merchant Square sale, investors are now watching the city closely.
A commitment of this scale [in buying Merchant Square] from an international investor new to the jurisdiction shows the exciting and unique place our market finds itself in, says Ben Turtle, director of investment at Savills. We are aware of other assets being prepared for market that will further test the depth of interest in Northern Ireland.
Brian Lavery, managing director Belfast at CBRE, describes the Merchant Square deal as a shot in the arm for not only the citys market but for PwC, making it clear they are going back into the office to be an office tenant.
There is a certain irony in PwC taking Merchant Square given it originally occupied the building two decades ago when it was known as Ferguson & Rushton. However, according to MacAllister, PwCs move was not because those of us who had worked there before [were] feeling in any way sentimental.
He says the building is well-located in the city centre and has a thriving leisure scene and good public transport links, so signing on the dotted line was a no-brainer.
When Covid struck, it seemed the world of professional services occupying big office development was gone, that we were going tomove into virtual working forever, says MacAllister. But we were never convinced that was the case. We are talking about future-proofing our business developing a place where people want to be, rather than have to be.
Merchant Square is just a few hundred yards away from the proposed Weavers Cross transport-led regeneration scheme. The eight-hectare site, in the heart of the city, will be home to a modern, high-capacity transport hub and mixed-use developments, including large swathes of offices. Set to be developed on the site of the existing Europa bus centre and Great Victoria Street railway station, the 1bn scheme promises to create 50,000 new jobs.
MacAllister says the development is seen as a huge catalyst for Belfasts regeneration. [Weavers Cross] is certainly influencing our decision to move in that direction because that will bring the whole life into the city centre.
Another development that will have a significant impact on the local property market is The Sixth. In February 2019, the 80m joint venture between Belfast City Council and McAleer & Rushe got the go-ahead. The 300,000 sq ft mixed-use scheme at the old Belfast Telegraph site on Royal Avenue will have 230,000 sq ft of workspace, and potential for a global HQ with floorplates of upto 30,000 sq ft.
The Sixth will be next to Ulster Universitys new 250m Belfast campus. The 750,000 sq ft site will house up to 15,000 students and staff the equivalent of a population the size of Armagh being dropped into one end of the city. The biggest change in Belfast is going to be the Ulster University campus, says Patrick OGorman, principal at Bywater Properties, which along with partner Ashmour is bringing its own changes tothe city.
Together they are refurbishing a 30,000 sq ft building, 35DP, which is five floors above the Boots shop on Donegall Place and set to be completed in early July.
Its a slightly untested environment for office space because traditionally the upper floors in Belfast have been left fallow above retail, says Gareth Howell, director at Savills, the schemes leasing agent.
Potential occupiers have clearly not been put off by the location,as the building is close to being under offer on half the space.
The Bywater/Ashmour partnership is also bringing on Smithfield Yard, a 167,000 sq ft mixed-use scheme with 152,000 sq ft of offices, which is currently populated by a hub of independent retailers. The scheme has planning permission and is viewed as a long-term prospect when market conditions allow.
It is one of the things that attracted us to working in Belfast, says Theo Michell, principal at Bywater. You dont get many major city centres in the UK where you get vacant sites that have sat for a long time with not much happening. But its right off Royal Avenue, slap bang in the city centre.
At all the new schemes and developments being brought forward in Belfast city centre, the spotlight is very much on wellbeing and ESG.
The wellness agenda was ramping up pre-pandemic, [but Covid has] sped up that process, says David Wright, director at CBRE Belfast. Theres going to be a flight to quality in the short term. We have a lot of secondary-type buildings in Belfast that arent fit for purpose.
Merchant Square has an entire floor dedicated to wellbeing, hosting pilates and yoga classes along with social activities. And next door is a building leading the charge on wellbeing.
The Lotus Group is developing The Well, a 36,000 sq ft office building on Wellington Street that has a strong focus on wellness and will be delivered in 2023. Already dubbed the healthiest building in Belfast, its website boasts it will be an office utopia where the air is clean, the lights are controlled and the journey from door to desk is 100% touch-free.
Alastair Coulson, managing director of The Lotus Group, says he has no worries about leasing activity post-pandemic. We bought a building in a really prime location next to the city centre, and the new transport hub [Weavers Cross] is going to be opposite PwCs new building so location is A1. We were always confident we were in the right location.
Despite the challenges the industry has faced over the last 12 months, Coulson is optimistic about the future. There are a lot of great developers doing great things in the city. That all [aids] Belfast plc, as a rising tide helpsall ships.
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1 week away: NASA, SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission to the International Space Station – FOX 35 Orlando
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CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - We are one week away from the next crewedlaunch into space.
NASA and SpaceX aretargeting Thursday, April 22for their second crew flightaboard the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour, carried by the company's Falcon 9 rocket.
Liftoff is currently scheduled for 6:11 a.m. EDT from Kennedy Space Center'sLaunch Complex 39A. The crew will head to the International Space Station (ISS), with expected arrival on Friday morning.
TRENDING:NASA shares stunning image of blue dunes on Mars
The crew for the flight is made up of NASA astronautsShane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet.
To prepare for the mission, NASA said on Tuesday that the astronauts have entered quarantine, also known as"flight crew health stabilization." It is a routine part of final preparations before space flight. They will spend two weeks isolated to ensure that they are healthy, protecting themselves and the astronauts they will meet at the ISS.
The Crew-2 astronauts will reportedly be the second crew to fly on a full-duration mission to the ISS on the Crew Dragon spacecraft. This will also be the first mission to fly two international partner crew members as part of the agency's commercial crew program.
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NASA said that the crew will spend six months in space. At the ISS, they will joinCrew-1 NASA astronauts Mike Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi. In addition, NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei and Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Pyotr Dubrov are also there.
The NASA, SpaceX Crew-1 mission lifted off on November 15, 2020. They are scheduled to return back to the Earth in late Spring 2021.
MORE NEWS:Artemis I boosters stacked at Kennedy Space Center
The SpaceX crew missions are said to be part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. Companies work with the space agency to develop and operate a new generation of spacecraft and launch systems that can bring humans to low-Earth orbit and the International Space Station.
Following this mission, NASA said that they are planning three more in 2021: SpaceX Crew-3, Boeing Crew Flight Test, and Boeing Starlink-1.
Threeastronauts for the Crew-3 SpaceX launch have already been selected. They includetwo NASA astronauts and one astronaut from theEuropean Space Agency (ESA).
WEATHER ALERTS: Download the FOX 35 Storm Team Weather app for live radar, severe weather alerts, and daily forecast reports on your phone
NASA astronauts Raja Chari and Tom Marshburn will reportedly serve as commander and pilot while ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer will serve as the mission specialist. A fourth crew member will be announced at a later date. They will spend six months at the ISS andwill have a slight overlap with the Crew-2 astronauts.
NASA's contract with SpaceX includes six total crew missions to the ISS.
Tune in to FOX 35 Orlando for launch updates and to watch liftoff later this month.
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Astronaut Jessica Meir describes her time in space and return to Earth in talk with Caribou students – Bangor Daily News
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CARIBOU, Maine NASA astronaut Jessica Meir spoke Wednesday with Caribou students about her time aboard the International Space Station and her return to Earth amid a global pandemic.
Meir, who graduated from Caribou High School in 1995, said that while astronauts are not allowed to travel for public appearances because of the pandemic, she hopes to make an in-person visit to her former school soon.
Im sorry its not going to be quite as exciting as when I was in space, and my hair is much more boring now, she said, referring to her last video call with students from aboard the International Space Station.
Students asked Meir questions during the Zoom meeting, with the first being what was the worst problem she encountered in space.
Meir said that during a spacewalk, her crewmate Christina Kochs lights came off her helmet shortly after the pair had left the space station.
When the sun is shining, you dont really need the light so much, but of course were going around the planet every 90 minutes, Meir said. So were going in and out of complete sunlight and complete darkness, and when its dark you need those lights.
The lights cant be reinstalled while on a spacewalk, because astronauts need to take their gloves off to reattach the device. Meir said they weighed the advice from the team on the ground, then were able to detach the lights, secure them with a tether and allow Koch to use Meirs lights or the sun when it was available.
It made things much more interesting for us, and its just a really important lesson to remember that you always have to be ready and agile to adapt to a problem, because thats just life. Things usually dont go according to plan, so you have to be ready for that, she said.
When a student asked if at any point she regretted going into space, Meir said, absolutely not.
It was something I thought about doing since I was 5 years old, she said. I said this many times during the mission, but it was even more incredible than Id ever imagined, which is really saying a lot because I had some pretty big expectations. So no regrets, and like I mentioned I wouldve rather stayed up there longer.
Returning to Earth was actually more difficult than going into space because it can take a while for the body to readjust to gravity, she said. The lack of gravity in space creates more separation between the discs in an astronauts backbone, resulting in lingering back pain once the person returns to Earth.
You can literally feel gravity, because your body has adapted to months and months of not having it, she said. Coming back isnt fun. Youre really tired as youre readapting and I kept saying Man, gravity is overrated. My neighbor put it pretty well, hed say Whats wrong Jessica, has gravity got you down?
Meir also had to adjust to life amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which she said was strange for the returning astronauts to wrap their heads around.
Sometimes we thought that we were in some bad science fiction movie where they pan to the space station and Earth gets hit by a meteor, everyone goes extinct, and its up to us to repopulate the entire planet, she said. Luckily things werent that bad, but coming back was definitely an adjustment.
Another student asked if Meir thought aliens were real. Meir said that even though some people may laugh at that question, or the thought of aliens, that it was a great inquiry.
This universe is so big that we would be pretty naive to think that we are the only planet that has life on it, she said. I am certain that there is some kind of life it might not be exactly like us, it might be completely different, and my guess is that it doesnt look like the aliens on TV. But unfortunately if you also think again on that time and space dimension we might not ever actually have any proof of that because we might not be able to get that signal back, and to have all the planets kind of literally align so that we had knowledge of each other.
She left the students with the advice that it is important to persevere, stay patient, go outside of their comfort zones and take risks. Meir said she failed the first time she interviewed to become an astronaut, but that it became an important life lesson.
I could have given up then and said well its not worth it. I dont want to go through that all again, she said. It takes such a psychological toll to go through the selection process, and what if I dont get it again? But I didnt say that. I applied again, and thats the only reason why Im here. So remember to persevere and that it does take that hard work, but I promise you that in the end it will be worth it.
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Cannabis on the ISS – Boulder Weekly
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In 2019, Front Range Biosciences (FRB) teamed up with SpaceCells USA Inc. and BioServe Space Technologies at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU) to take cannabis (and coffee) plants to the final frontier.
On March 6 of that year, hundreds of plant cell cultures were loaded onboard the SpaceX CRS-20 cargo flight, which was bound for the International Space Station (ISS). U.S. astronauts would tend to the cannabis and coffee plants for the next 30 days, becoming the first of their genera (cannabis sativa and coffea, respectively) to grow 248 miles above the Earth.
But the mission wasnt intended to provide astronauts with fresh bud and beans. The zero-gravity conditions of the ISS offered the researchers at FRB a unique opportunity to observe how space conditions affect cannabis and coffee genetics.
Ultimately, we wanted to better understand how plant cells underwent gene expression changes or genetic mutations while in a microgravity environment, says Dr. Jonathan Vaught, cofounder and CEO of FRB, the Boulder-based hemp and cannabis genetics platform company that spearheaded this research.
We were very pleased with this first experiment, he adds.
Once the 480 cannabis and coffee plant cell cultures arrived on the ISS, they were kept in special-made microhabitats inside a temperature-regulated incubator. There, they grew in zero gravity, under constant observation by BioServe Space Technologies.
Then, a month later, the plant cell cultures (now sapling plants) hitched a ride back to Earth on the Space Dragon capsule.
According to Vaught, the data this experiment and FRBs subsequent genetic analysis yielded is valuable on several levels. First, its helping provide a better understanding of what kinds of gene expression occurs when crops like cannabis and coffee are grown in space and how they respond to zero-gravity conditions.
On Earth, plants are constantly working to defy gravity in order to rise above the ground, but since they were not utilizing this energy in zero-gravity conditions, we were able to observe where different biological changes started to occur, Vaught says. The results of the research could help growers and scientists identify new varieties or chemical expressions in the plant.
Which would be lucrative knowledge for farmers growing these cash crops if it means they can increase the plants genetic resiliency. Cannabis is an extremely sensitive crop that responds dramatically to changes in temperature, moisture and exposure to other environmental factors. Changing the threshold of what it could endure could open up vast new tracts of potential farmland that were previously unusable.
Also, Vaughn points out, This is important in the context of climate change.
By exposing these plants to stressors (or in this case, taking away the stressor of gravity), FRB hopes to gain a better understanding of stress responses in these plants. Once this is known, FRB can engineer trait-specific cannabis strains to withstand challenges like temperature changes, drought and disease.
There are many regions here on Earth that no longer have viable growing conditions to support agriculture, Vaught says. By learning how plants adapt in a new environment space, in this example we will be able to better understand, and subsequently breed, various crops so that they thrive in new environments and conditions.
While FRB was the first to send cannabis plants into space, it wasnt the last. Several other companies have begun their own cannabis experiments on the ISS since, including Space Tango out of Kentucky. And although FRB isnt planning any follow-up space mission studies yet, Vaught is excited to see this area of agricultural science progress.
With the birth of private space travel, more and more researchers are now able to study the effects of microgravity on various organisms, he says. This will also allow FRB to better understand how plants manage the stress of space travel, and set the stage for a whole new area of research for our company and the cannabis industry as a whole.
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Astronauts need a fridge. Engineers are building one that works in zero gravity and upside down. – Purdue News Service
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WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. For astronauts to go on long missions to the moon or Mars, they need a refrigerator. But todays fridges arent designed to work in zero gravity or upside down if oriented that way when a spacecraft lands on another planet.
A team of engineers from Purdue University, Air Squared Inc., and Whirlpool Corporation is working on building a fridge for zero gravity that operates in different orientations and just as well as the one in your kitchen, giving astronauts access to longer-lasting and more nutritious food.
In May, the team will test their fridge design on Zero Gravity Corporations (ZERO-G) unique weightless research lab. The only testing space of its kind in the United States, the specially designed plane will fly in microgravity dozens of times for 20-second intervals during each of four flights. Data from these flights, which are supported by NASAs Flight Opportunities program, will help the team determine if the design is ready to be used in space.
The canned and dried food that astronauts currently eat during missions have a shelf life of only about three years. The teams project, funded by NASAs Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, aims to give astronauts a supply of food that could last five to six years.
Astronauts need to have better quality food that they can take along. And so thats where a refrigerator comes into play. But its still a relatively novel technology for space, said Eckhard Groll, a professor and head of Purdues School of Mechanical Engineering.
The engineers are not the first to attempt building a fridge like those used on Earth for space missions, but they are among the few who have tried since astronauts walked on the moon in 1969. Even though fridge experiments have been in space before, they either didnt work well enough or eventually broke down.
Cooling systems currently on the International Space Station are used for experiments and storing biological samples rather than for storing food, and they consume significantly more energy than fridges on Earth. The team is aiming to design a fridge that could be sent into space ahead of a mission and operate at freezer temperatures to meet the needs of astronauts. (Watch a YouTube video.)
The engineers May flights will test possible solutions to making the type of cooling process that a typical fridge uses vapor compression refrigeration reliable enough for space missions.
When I jumped on this project, it wasnt completely clear what the problems would be, since there havent been many vapor compression refrigeration experiments in microgravity in the past, said Leon Brendel, a Purdue Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering. In a typical fridge, gravity helps to keep liquid and vapor where they are supposed to be. Similarly, the oil lubrication system inside of a fridges compressor is gravity-based. When bringing new technology into space, making the entire system reliable in zero gravity is key.
Brendel and Paige Beck, a Purdue junior majoring in mechanical engineering, and three other members of the team from Air Squared will be flying with experiments testing various aspects of the fridge design. For each flight, the plane will perform 30 parabolas including Martian, lunar and micro gravities. During and after the peak of the parabola, the engineers will experience a microgravity environment, allowing them to float around to observe their experiments and collect data.
This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me. I cant wait to board the plane, Brendel said.
The teams fridge prototype is about the size of a microwave, ideal for potentially fitting onto the International Space Station and plugging into an electrical outlet like on Earth. The prototype, built by Air Squared, will fly as one of the teams three experiments.
Purdue researchers built two other experiments to fly that will help them understand in detail how well the prototype operates. One of these experiments is a larger version of the prototype with sensors and other instruments to measure the effects of gravity on the vapor compression cycles, while the other experiment tests the prototypes vulnerability to liquid flooding that could damage the fridge. The experiments were built at Purdue's Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, facilities for research on heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration.
The Purdue team is testing the ability of the fridge design to operate in different orientations, such as upside down and sideways, by rotating the larger version of the prototype in the lab. Rotating this experiment gives the team a sense of how gravity affects the design before flying in May.
Nowhere on the ground can you find microgravity to run an experiment, but we can change the relative direction of gravity to our fridge by rotating it, Brendel said.
If the researchers prove in their lab that gravity has a negligible impact on the vapor compression cycle, then the design might also work in zero gravity. And if the fridge can work in any orientation then space crews wouldnt have to worry about making sure the fridge is right side up at a landing.
To avoid the problem of how a zero gravity environment would affect the flow of oil throughout the fridge, Air Squared developed an oil-free compressor. The compressor will be tested both in the prototype and in its larger, more instrumented counterpart built by Purdue researchers.
No gravity means that oil isnt flowing where it should. Our design provides a higher reliability by not requiring oil in the compressor so that the fridge can run for a long period of time and not be challenged by a microgravity environment, where oil might leave the compressor, become trapped in the system and render the compressor inoperable, said Stephen Caskey, a project engineer at Air Squared, principal investigator for the teams NASA SBIR award and an alum of Purdues School of Mechanical Engineering.
Whirlpool Corporation provided other components for the fridge experiments as well as expertise on how to integrate these components, run the experiments and package the prototype in a way that would meet requirements for use on the International Space Station.
If you have a problem with a fridge in space, you cant just call a service team to come fix your fridge like you can on Earth, said Alberto Gomes, senior principal engineer at Whirlpool Corporation. When we develop fridges for household applications, reliability is a very important piece. You need the fridge to last for several years. Weve brought in some expertise to this project on how to make these systems more reliable for space.
If these experiments are successful, it shouldnt be long before astronauts have a reliable fridge in space, the researchers said.
During the last two years of this project, we have made tremendous strides in moving the technology forward, Groll said. If these parabolic flights check out as we imagine they will and prove our system works in microgravity, were just a couple years away from having a refrigerator for spaceflight. Were excited to provide the refrigerator for that flight. I think we have all the tools in place to do so.
About Purdue University
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Writer, Purdue University media contact: Kayla Wiles, 765-494-2432, wiles5@purdue.edu
Air Squared media contacts: Ryan Riebau, r.riebau@airsquared.com; Kirk Shaffer, k.shaffer@airsquared.com
Whirlpool Corporation media contact: Cean Burgeson, cean_m_burgeson@whirlpool.com
Zero Gravity Corporation (www.gozerog.com) contact: kleeds@kirvindoak.com
Sources:
Eckhard Groll, groll@purdue.edu
Leon Brendel, lbrende@purdue.edu
Stephen Caskey, s.caskey@airsquared.com
Alberto Gomez, alberto_r_gomes@whirlpool.com
Michelle Peters, michelle@gozerog.com
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