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Monthly Archives: April 2021
The long struggle of Turkish women to survive – OpenGlobalRights
Posted: April 21, 2021 at 9:27 am
Women shout slogans during a protest against Turkey's decision to withdraw from the Istanbul Convention in Istanbul, Turkey, 24 March 2021. The Istanbul Convention is an international accord designed to protect women, which was started by the Council of Europe in 2011 for the Prevention of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, and is signed by 45 European countries as well as the EU as an organization. EFE/EPA/SEDAT SUNA
Women in the Ottoman Empire did not remain silent against discrimination and injustice. They organized activities and published newspapers and magazines to raise their voice in the late 19th and the early 20th century.
With the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of a new republican regime in the 1920s, the reforms put in place by the Turkish president at the time, Kemal Ataturk, banned unequal conditions for women. The Civil Code of 1926 brought equality between men and women and other secular reforms in the 1920s and the 1930s dissolved sharia law for Muslim women. Polygamy was prohibited, and divorce and inheritance rights were recognized. Women gained political rights and universal suffrage in 1934 long before many European countries. All these attempts occurred first in a predominantly Muslim country.
The struggle of women for their rights since the late 1890s in the Ottoman Empire and the vision of Ataturk in the 1930s drew a road map for women on the path of emancipation and fortified their social, political, and legal rights. Thanks to the struggle of women for equality in the Ottoman Empire and the reforms of Ataturk, the public visibility of women increased and equality between men and women were established at least on paper, if not in everyday life and in all places of the country.
However, the relatively liberated space for women was still far from full equal recognition between men and women in all spheres. Women in the rural areas had limited opportunities for economic independence in the post-war period and it was common practice enforcing women in rural areas to marry at an early age. Women who were economically independent were often subject to domestic violence and suffered primarily in silence. The sexist state policies showed itself in the guise of virginity tests, which were widely practiced until 1998 when a new law limited its practice under very strict conditions and only with a magistrate order.
Fast forward to the new millennium, with the rise of the conservative AK Party in 2003, religious-based values started shaping politics and social life in Turkey. There has been an increase in the number of femicide cases and the use of violence against women has been more brutal and ruthless in the last years. The public visibility of femicide cases has surged thanks to the efforts of feminist movements. The We Will Stop Femicide Platform (the Platform hereafter) was established in 2010 in Istanbul by a number of feminist activists who successfully opened new branches across the country to fight against femicide in a relatively short period of time.
In 2020, 408 women were murdered by men. The members of the Platform regularly organize events across Turkey to draw attention to the weakening democratic deliberation in the country. The factors that lead to femicide cannot be reduced to an act of individual violence. The collective factors are evident from the discourse of certain politicians to the men who justify their reasons for harassment of women in the bus and on the street based on patriarchal, religious, and conservative views.
As the mainstream media has been transformed into the mouthpiece of the ruling government, the Platforms activists views are not able to find a widespread outlet. But thanks to the use of digital space and the efforts of activists, each offense against women finds an important place in social media. The activists created a digital memorial website to record the stories of women who were killed by men, explaining how activists use the digital platform to commemorate victims and inform the public about each femicide case. The online dissemination of the stories of murdered women fosters the formation of a public opinion on femicide.
But what makes the activists of the Platform an inclusive democratic social movement lies in their struggle to fight for the right of other vulnerable groups. For example, a group of activists from the Platforms Eskisehir branch expressed that they are protesting the discourse of politicians, violence against women, and violence against the LGBT+ community. Their protest was particularly important after the brutal murder of Hande Kader, who was an LGBT+ activist and sex worker. Kader was murdered by her customers, who later burned her body to the point it was nearly unrecognizable when the police found her in one of Istanbuls forests. Dozens of protests were organised for Kader, and the Platform was one of the leading organizations in the mobilization by using its online presence.
The Platforms activists also support Pride month and state that transgender murders are political murders. Participation in these events is enabled through digital communication. Aside from sharing photos and videos to mobilize more people, the activists organize events to protest court decisions and sexist speeches delivered by politicians. They also take to the streets through night-walk events which have been organised on the March 8 since 2003, to increase the public visibility of women and highlight their liberty of going outside during the night. In later years, these events were violently suppressed by the police.
The activists spent strenuous efforts for the effective implementation of Istanbul Convention, which was first signed by Turkey and many other countries in Istanbul in 2011 to combat violence against women. However, the Presidential decree signed by Erdogan on March 20 2021 declared withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention. This withdrawal created shockwaves across the world and it was condemned. Justice, for many women in Turkey, was butchered and betrayed with this withdrawal. Women were left alone with no sufficient legal protection while striving to survive against femicide and different forms of gender-based violence. Glsm Kav, the Head of the Platform, uttered the perilous implication annulment of the Istanbul Convention, stating: The convention highlights preventive measures and envisions creating a society in which violence cannot flourish. This also indicates an egalitarian society by realizing gender equality in the entire society by all means, including education. The Convention would safeguard the lives of women, dont even think of touching it, but implement it!
Taking new resisting initiatives with the activists of other stigmatized communities by using the digital space, online media, and demonstrating their resilience and resistance, women in Turkey create a network of solidarity with the survivors of other vulnerable groups who have been striving for justice and forced to live on the margins of society. Against all challenges, more than a century-long struggle of women galvanized hopes for a democratic and plural democracy through which the required changes in the political and legal realm can be attained. We all must show our solidarity with this unyielding struggle of women in Turkey and elsewhere who fight for life and dignity. Without the emancipation of women, we all will be the prisoners of our own lives.
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The long struggle of Turkish women to survive - OpenGlobalRights
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The parent of Old Country Buffet and Furrs declares bankruptcy – Restaurant Business Online
Posted: at 9:26 am
Photograph: Shutterstock
Fresh Acquisitions LLC and Buffets LLC declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Tuesday, more than a year into a pandemic that proved especially difficult for its six restaurant chains, five of which specialize in buffet-style service.
Yet it is also the fifth time the companys various chains have sought federal debt protection since 2008, thanks to heavy debt loads, cost-cutting and a consumer that has shifted away from all-you-can-eat concepts.
The company, owned by the now-defunct FMP Management, has closed the vast majority of its restaurants. Fresh and Buffets entered the pandemic with 90 restaurants under the Tahoe Joes, Old Country Buffet, HomeTown Buffet, Ryans, Fire Mountain and Furrs brands.
It has closed all but six of the Tahoe Joes steakhouse locations.
FMP Management, which acquired all the brands in an aggressive bid for low-priced restaurant chains in 2014 and 2015, ceased operations in June and is also in bankruptcy.
In January, a San Antonio-based restaurant operator VitaNova Brands began providing management services to the buffet concepts. VitaNova has provided the company with financing to get it through the bankruptcy process.
Fresh Acquisitions plans to run a sale process that will include selling Furrs intellectual property, according to court documents, which provides flexibility to the buyer and allows the brand to be reopened in the future, if desired.
In a statement on Tuesday, VitaNova CEO Jason Kemp said the focus will be on Tahoe Joes and Furrs AYCE Marketplace, a redesigned version of the brand that was revealed back in August. We are looking forward to emerging from bankruptcy as a stronger operator with a focus on the Tahoe Joes and Furrs AYCE Marketplace banners, Kemp said. These great brands serving great food will create a platform for future growth.
Its uncertain exactly how many locations will reemerge in a post-bankruptcy environment, or even whether any of the other four brands in their entirety will emerge at all.
According to court documents, FMP management has $13.5 million in debt.
The pandemic, however, has been particularly tough on the companys liquidity position. The six Tahoe Joes together generated just $21 million per year in revenue before the pandemic.
The precipitous decline in sales at the restaurants resulting from occupancy restrictions and the banning of family-style buffet dining forced the companies to take extraordinary steps, including the closing of multiple locations, Kemp said.
Still, its been a brutal 13 years for those buffet brands, which trace their history to the formation of Buffets Inc., in 1983. In 2006, that company merged with Ryans to create a 650-unit buffet behemoth just two years before the recession hammered much of the industry. The company declared bankruptcy in 2008.
It did so again in 2012. It was sold to FMP in 2015 and then declared bankruptcy one year later.
Furrs, meanwhile, filed for bankruptcy in 2014 and was then sold to FMP in 2015.
Along the way the various brands closed stores aggressively. What is now known as Buffets LLC had 300 locations when FMP acquired the company in 2015.
The pandemic has indeed been brutal on buffet brands. The owner of Souplantation and Sweet Tomatoes opted to liquidate back in May, for instance, while the two largest franchisees in the Golden Corral system have also sought debt protection after the pandemic made it difficult to offer buffet dining. The largest of those franchisees is hopeful that sales will rebound strongly coming out of quarantine.
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The parent of Old Country Buffet and Furrs declares bankruptcy - Restaurant Business Online
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John Oliver explains the problems with Americas broken bankruptcy system – Boston.com
Posted: at 9:26 am
Even though filing for bankruptcy is a legal tool that can be used by any individual or business including a former U.S president there is a negative social stigma around it, according to John Oliver.
The HBO host devoted the latest episode of Last Week Tonight to examining why modern-day bankruptcy has become a boon for credit card companies and other intermediaries while hurting individuals trying to get a fresh start.
Oliver called out media personalities like Shark Tank host Kevin OLeary and former CNBC host/personal finance expert Suze Orman for demonizing bankruptcy filings on their shows.
Bankruptcy is not solely caused by bad decisions, its often caused by bad luck, Oliver said. Unavoidable challenges like job loss, divorce, surprise medical bills, or perhaps even, you know, a once-in-a-century global pandemic.
Oliver then delved into the history of bankruptcy law in the United States, focusing on notable changes to the law in 1978 and 2005.
Our modern bankruptcy code was enacted in 1978 interestingly, around the same time that the credit card industry began to enjoy a period of steady deregulation, Oliver said. That worked out very well for them, because they marketed themselves aggressively, and during this time, consumer debt began to sharply rise. And what the industry clearly wanted was people stuck in a lucrative cycle of minimum payments, late fees, and interest hikes. What they didnt want spoiling that was people cutting the cycle short through bankruptcy.
In 2005, meanwhile, lobbyists for credit card companies pushed Congress to pass the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, which made it more difficult for individuals to file for bankruptcy. It also led to a rise in lawyers pushing clients away from the less-expensive Chapter 7 bankruptcy and instead filing for the more costly Chapter 13 bankruptcy.
In archival footage, Oliver showed Elizabeth Warren, then a Harvard professor studying bankruptcy, testifying before Congress about how medical debt ruins peoples lives. In the clip, she receives pushback from then-U.S. Sen. Joe Biden, who, as Oliver explained, was one of the bills biggest backers.
Joe Biden is from Delaware, home to some of the biggest credit card companies, and his support was crucial to getting the 2005 law passed, Oliver said.
In the clip, Biden kept shifting focus from individuals who were ruined by medical debt back to the poor creditors who wouldnt get their money, as Oliver put it.
Oliver ended the segment by noting that while Biden has broadly supported Warrens proposed Consumer Bankruptcy Reform Act, it is unlikely to pass, with zero Republicans supporting it.
The fact is, something big needs to happen here, Oliver said. Because we badly need to get our broken bankruptcy system working again for people who desperately need a lifeline.
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John Oliver explains the problems with Americas broken bankruptcy system - Boston.com
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Frontier to emerge from bankruptcy with new team in place – Capacity Media
Posted: at 9:26 am
19 April 2021 | Alan Burkitt-Gray
Frontier Communications has passed the last hurdle in emerging from last years bankruptcy, after the support of Californian authorities.
The company, which went into chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on 14 April 2020, said the California Public Utilities Commission had unanimously voted to approve its emergence.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the plan in January.
Having already received all other required state and federal approvals, the company expects to successfully emerge from chapter 11 in the coming weeks, said Frontier, which will start its new life with a refreshed management team.
Former Vodafone UK CEO Nick Jeffery (pictured) became CEO on 1 March, following the announcement of his appointment in December.
Under the deal to come out of bankruptcy, bondholders with more than $11 billion worth of outstanding unsecured bonds agreed a restructuring support agreement. That will reduce debt by more than $10 billion and cut $1 billion off annual interest payments.
As part of its post-bankruptcy reconstruction, last week the Frontier hired Veronica Bloodworth from AT&T to be executive VP and chief network officer. She will report directly to Jeffery and oversee all of Frontiers network operations, including those related to its modernisation plan.
Bloodwort was senior VP of construction and engineering for AT&T, leading the planning, design, construction and capital maintenance of the wireline and wireless network infrastructure across a national footprint.
Steve Gable, who was CTO, will take on the new role of chief digital and information officer, leading Frontiers digital transformation.
Jeffery said about Bloodworth: With her wireline and wireless network management expertise, she will strengthen our team and improve our performance across the company.
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Frontier to emerge from bankruptcy with new team in place - Capacity Media
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Ousted Knotel CEO Says ‘Nepotistic’ Deal With Newmark Led To ‘Disaster’ Bankruptcy – Bisnow
Posted: at 9:26 am
Knotel CEO Amol Sarva
Amol Sarva lost control of Knotel, the flexible workplace company once valued at more than $1B last year, and he is laying the blame at his own feet, he said last week, because he regrets his dealings with the chairman of Newmark and Cantor Fitzgerald.
Knotel in February saidit would be taken over by Newmark, with the real estate firm providing $20M in debtor-in-possession financing to allow Knotel to keep running through the bankruptcy proceedings.
In a video with the YouTube web series The Business of Business, postedlast week, Sarva details the circumstances that led up to the startups collapse, with nepotism and the dog-eat-dog nature of the business listed as primary causes. Ultimately, he said the company is in someone elses hands, because of his own bad decision to accept Newmark funds and let these guys into the company.
He also saidif he had managed the relationship with Newmark better, he may have still been playing a key role in running the firm today.
In 2019, Knotel reachedunicorn status after closing a $400M funding round, with Newmark as one of the returning investors. Sarvasaid on the video that Newmark CEO Barry Gosin approached Knotel operators, saying Newmark wanted to put the companybehind Knotel, saying well help you.
Newmark then introducedthe company to investment bank Cantor Fitzgerald, per Sarva. Cantor Fitzgerald's founder and chairman is Howard Lutnick, also the chairman of Newmark. Upon the urging of Newmark, Sarva said, Cantor Fitzgerald became the startups bank.
"It was one of my regrets to do this nepotistic thing, Sarva said.
On Dec. 30 last year, Sarva said he was contacted by Knotel'sventure lender, the bank TriplePoint Capital, which said it had sold the debt, even though a refinancing plan was in the mix.
Soon after, Sarva said hewas contacted by Lutnick though he does not name him but refers to him as this guy who is the chairman of Newmark and the managing partner of Cantor Fitzgerald. Over the period of a few days, Sarvalearned that Newmark had bought Knotel's debt, he said.
Lutnick called again a few days later, Sarva claims, saying he now owned all the debt." Sarva said that the company was told it was in default in various ways and was about to be foreclosed on.
[They said] youre going to have to shut down your whole business, or we can lend you another $20M now on the condition that you bankrupt the company, run an auction for it and let us buy it, Sarva said. It was just like, consummate Wall Street.
Earlier this month,Sarva sent an emailcastigating Newmark for installing a group of Adam Neuman[n]-era WeWork bros to lead the company forward."
Newmark tapped former WeWork Vice Chairman Michael Gross to guideKnotel through the process.
Sarvasaid in the video he regrets not doing diligence on Lutnick.
What a cluster, it was a disaster, he said, adding the whole process negatively affected investors, employees and customers. Arguably, its all in their rights, and it's capitalism and it's a dog-eat-dog world but you can choose how you want tobehave in life."
The real estate business is full of all these shady people, and they are very outspoken about each other,Sarva added, acknowledging that he should have done greater research before taking on Newmark's financial injection.
At the time of bankruptcy, Knotel listedboth estimated liabilities and assets between $1B and $10B. Gosin said Newmark was providing capital to rightsize its business."
At the startof the coronavirus pandemic, Knotel laid off and furloughed employees around the world, with Sarva saying business as usual was over. Knotel was soon accused of skippingon rent payments and sued by several landlords who claimed they were owed money.
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Ousted Knotel CEO Says 'Nepotistic' Deal With Newmark Led To 'Disaster' Bankruptcy - Bisnow
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The Hartford Agrees to Pay $650 Million in Boy Scouts Bankruptcy – Claims Journal
Posted: at 9:26 am
DOVER, Del. (AP) Insurance company The Hartford has agreed to pay $650 million into a proposed trust fund for victims of child sexual abuse as part of the Boy Scouts of America bankruptcy case.
In exchange for the payment, the Boy Scouts and its local councils would release The Hartford from any obligation under policies it issued to the BSA and the councils dating back to 1971.
The settlement agreement and release was submitted to the court on Friday by a panel of mediators that is working with the BSA, abuse victims and other parties in the bankruptcy to try to fashion a global resolution of more than 80,000 sexual abuse claims.
Our agreement with The Hartford is an encouraging step towards achieving a global resolution that will promote the BSAs efforts to equitably compensate survivors and continue the mission of Scouting, the organization said in a statement. We are committed to continuing our mediation efforts with all parties and look forward to sharing additional updates as these discussions progress.
According to the court filing, The Hartfords payment will be reduced if, after the agreement is signed, the BSA or the settlement trust enters into an agreement with another insurer, Century Indemnity Company, and Centurys settlement amount is less than two times The Hartfords settlement amount.
Even without the possible reduction in The Hartfords payment, attorneys representing abuse victims in the bankruptcy were appalled by the settlement.
Its outrageous. Their real liability is in the billions of dollars, said Paul Mones, who represents hundreds of abuse victims, including members of the official tort claimants committee that is charged with acting as a fiduciary for abuse victims in the bankruptcy.
This is just business as usual for the Boy Scouts paying lip service to their supposed understanding and concern for their horrific legacy of sex abuse but not doing anything substantive, Mones added.
Jim Stang, an attorney for the tort claimants committee, or TCC, said there are at least 24,000 sexual abuse claims subject to The Hartfords policies. The actual number is likely significantly higher, given that many victims did not include the dates they were abused on their claim forms, he noted.
We think their exposure is $8 billion for the 24,000 claims, Stang said, adding the committee will be objecting to the settlement. Theyre not even paying 10% of what we think theyre on the hook for.
The agreement with The Hartford was announced after the Boy Scouts filed a revised reorganization plan earlier this week after gaining little support for a previous proposal.
The previous plan called for a $300 million contribution by local councils to the settlement trust, about $115 million in cash and noninsurance assets from the BSA, and the assignment of BSA and local council insurance policies. In return, the BSA, its 253 local councils and hundreds of sponsoring organizations such as churches and civic groups would be released from further liability. Any insurance companies that agree to pay specific settlement amounts into the trust also would be shielded from further liability.
The new plan increases the contribution from local councils to $425 million but keeps the national organizations contribution at $115 million. More than half that amount consists of the estimated value of the BSAs art collection, including several Norman Rockwell paintings.
Should abuse victims not approve the new plan, the BSA which says it needs to exit bankruptcy by late summer would turn to an alternative BSA-only plan. Under that plan, the settlement trust would be funded only by the BSA, and only for claims made against the national organization, not local councils. The councils and local sponsoring organizations such as churches and civic groups would make no contribution to the settlement trust and would have no protection from liability for abuse claims.
Depending on which plan is used, the BSA estimates the amount of money to be available for abuse victims at between $2.4 billion and $7.1 billion, including insurance rights.
The official tort claimants committee estimates the value of some 84,000 sexual abuse claims at about $103 billion.
The Boy Scouts of America, based in Irving, Texas, sought bankruptcy protection in February 2020 in an effort to halt hundreds of lawsuits and create a compensation fund for men who were molested as youngsters decades ago by scoutmasters or other leaders.
Attorneys for abuse victims have said from the start that they would go after properties and assets owned by local councils to contribute to a settlement fund. The local councils, which run day-to-day operations for local troops, are not debtors in the bankruptcy and are considered legally separate entities by the Boy Scouts, even though they share insurance policies and are considered related parties in the bankruptcy.
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The Hartford Agrees to Pay $650 Million in Boy Scouts Bankruptcy - Claims Journal
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SpaceX is preparing to test-fly a new Starship after the last 4 exploded – Business Insider
Posted: at 9:26 am
SpaceX is getting ready to launch its fifth high-flying Starship from its Texas rocket facilities.
A version of this mega-spaceship is set to become NASA's next moon lander, the vehicle that could put boots on the lunar surface for the first time since 1972.
Starship Serial No. 15, or SN15, is the latest of a series of Starship prototypes that SpaceX is launching up to 6 miles above Boca Chica, Texas.
As SN15 approaches the peak of its flight, it should shut off its three truck-sized Raptor engines one by one. Then the spaceship should tip sideways and plunge back to Earth, using four wing flaps to control its fall.
As it nears the ground, SN15 should reignite its engines to flip itself upright again and gently lower to the landing pad. This is where its predecessors have failed.
The first two prototypes that soared to high altitude, SN8 and SN9, slammed into the landing pad at high speed and exploded immediately. The third, SN10, landed in one piece but blew up 10 minutes later. The fourth, SN11, exploded in midair as it relit its engines for landing.
The SN8, SN9, and SN10 explosions. Gene Blevins/Reuters; SPadre.com
For SpaceX, explosions during rocket development are par for the course.
"They use a different development philosophy than the government does, which is: Fly. If something goes wrong, they try to fix it. Fly again. If something else goes wrong, they try to fix that," John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington University's Space Policy Institute and a former member of the NASA Advisory Council, told Insider after the fourth Starship explosion. "People have complimented SpaceX on how quickly they move."
But, he added, "the fact that they've had these early development-program problems means that there will have to be a record of success before anybody except an extreme risk-taker is willing to get aboard."
Success may be even more critical now that NASA has chosen Starship to land its next astronauts on the moon.
The agency announced Friday that it was working with SpaceX to turn Starship into the lunar lander that will jump-start its Artemis program, which aims to establish a permanent human presence on the moon. NASA hopes to land its first crewed Starship there in 2024, but a new report from the NASA Office of the Inspector General found that it's "highly unlikely" the agency will meet this deadline.
SpaceX's Starship human lander is designed to carry NASA astronauts to the moon's surface during the Artemis mission. SpaceX
SpaceX's founder and CEO, Elon Musk, has ambitions beyond the lunar surface. Musk has said he plans to build 1,000 Starships that carry people and cargo to Mars. Ultimately, he hopes to establish a settlement there. Flying Starships to orbit would be a major step toward that goal. For now, though, SpaceX is trying to land the prototypes without blowing them up.
Musk said Thursday on Twitter that the company was aiming to launch SN15 sometime in the next week. However, the Federal Aviation Administration has revoked its airspace-closure notices for the area. A Cameron County judge has issued a local road closure for Wednesday, indicating that SpaceX may anchor SN15 to the ground and ignite its engines a crucial pre-launch test called a "static fire."
Airspace and road closures are both required for launch. They can change day-to-day depending on SpaceX's plans and the FAA's launch-licensing procedure, so a new flight opportunity could open up soon.
During the test flight, SpaceX is likely to stream live from the launchpad and from cameras inside the rocket's skirt, where the engines are. (We'll embed SpaceX's live feed below once it's available.)
The up-close cameras have provided stunning footage of past Starship flights, like the below footage of SN9.
In the meantime, a few rocket enthusiasts and fans of the company are broadcasting live from Boca Chica.
NASASpaceflight broadcasters are likely to cover the critical static-fire engine test. It's unclear when that will happen, but the earliest opportunity is Wednesday.
LabPadre, a YouTube channel from Louis Balderas, who lives just across the bay from Boca Chica, offers six unique views of the Starship launch site. Below is the channel's main 4K-resolution feed.
For a more distant view of the launch site broadcast from the top of a hotel resort in South Padre Island about 6 miles away check out SPadre's 24-hour live feed.
This post has been updated with new information. It was originally published on Monday, April 19, 2021.
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SpaceX is preparing to test-fly a new Starship after the last 4 exploded - Business Insider
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SpaceX Starship: What actually is Elon Musks spacecraft that will take people to the Moon and colonise Mars – The Independent
Posted: at 9:26 am
In late October 2001, Elon Musk travelled to Russia with the hope of buying three intercontinental ballistic missiles for $20 million. Flush with cash after co-founding PayPal, his plan was to use the rockets to blast a robotic greenhouse to Mars and grow plants using Martian soil.
Mars Oasis, as the project was known, would produce the first oxygen on the Red Planet and would serve Musks greater goal of reigniting public interest in human space exploration.
But the Russians did not take the young dotcom millionaire seriously and no deal was ever made. Instead, Musk set about creating SpaceX to build his own rockets for a fraction of the price.
Nearly two decades later, and roughly $200 billion richer, Musk is on the cusp of building a rocket capable of inter-planetary space travel and has already secured a multi-billion dollar contract with Nasa to use it to land astronauts on the Moon.
Starship is currently humanitys best chance of reaching Mars, with no other private company or government space agency yet to put a program in place that will send humans any further than the Moon. SpaceX is hoping to achieve crewed missions to Mars before the end of the decade.
This ambitious timeline involves building up to 100 Starships every year, with each one capable of carrying up to 100 people. By 2050, Musk believes it will be possible to have established a self-sustaining colony on Mars, thus ensuring the continued survival of our species.
For any of this to be realised, SpaceX first needs to prove that its Starship craft can launch and land and relaunch and land again and again reliably, safely and affordably not just on Earth but also on the more hostile environments of the Moon and Mars.
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SpaceX Starship crashes in huge fireball explosion
SpaceX only began testing Starship prototypes in January 2020, but it has done so at an astonishing rate. After two successful 150m hops at its Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas, the firm began a series of high-altitude flight tests at a frequency of nearly one a month.
The first four of these ended in explosions but each one achieved new milestones in the spacecrafts development and advanced SpaceXs schedule towards conducting an orbital Starship flight by July.
Alongside Starship, SpaceX is also building a Super Heavy booster that will also be fully reusable and capable of supporting regular rocket launches from Earth.
When combined, this two-stage rocket will measure 120 metres in height and will be the worlds most powerful launch vehicle ever developed.
According to SpaceXs user guide for Starship, the Starship and Super Heavy systems will allow for space-based activities that... have never been possible before.
The craft itself will also be unlike any spaceship that has ever flown before, featuring private cabins, large common areas, centralised storage, solar storm shelters and a viewing gallery.
In announcing its involvement in Nasas Artemis program, SpaceX said the Moon missions will lay the groundwork for human exploration to Mars and beyond.
Next year will mark 50 years since a human last set foot on the Moon. Musk may have already achieved his goal of recapturing peoples imagination when it comes to the possibility of exploring the Solar System in the near future.
The Mars Oasis project may have never been realised, but the drive behind it remains. Musks ambition has only grown, and with Starship he could finally succeed in extending life beyond Earth.
If we make life multiplanetary, there may come a day when some plants and animals die out on Earth, but are still alive on Mars, he tweeted ahead of the latest Starship SN15 flight test. Lets make the sci-fi future we want real!
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North Korea and China Accused America of Biowarfare During the Korean War – The National Interest
Posted: at 9:25 am
2021 marks seventy-one years since the beginning of the Korean War, a bloody conflict which saw the loss of nearly forty-thousand Americans and ten percent of the Korean population. Despite this massive loss of life and the physical decimation of the Korean peninsula, it is criminally under-researched. Its place in history, sandwiched between the catastrophic Second World War and the devastating Vietnam War, has caused it to be buried by the tragedies of its immediate predecessor and successor in time. However, during the Korean War peace talks, claims by communist forces thataccused the American forces of violating the Geneva Convention took the world by storm, only for the false accusations to be forgotten in just a few generations.
In early 1951, as the United States and Chinese-North Korean forces were locked in the back-and-forth which would later characterize the Korean War, Chinese media made repeated claims that America waspreparingbiological weapons for use against the Chinese and North Korean people. The U.S. grant of immunity for Shiro Ishii, former director of Imperial Japans biological warfare center Unit 731, played a central role in these accusations; specifically, that the Japanese and American forces were collaborating in the production of bacterial weapons for use on the war front. This initial campaign culminated in a formal charge submitted to the United Nationsby North Korea Foreign Minister Pak Hen En:
Following in the path of the defeated and universally condemned Japanese war criminals, MacArthur, Ridgeway and abettors carried out this threat in the middle of December 1950 and January 1951. Several areas were simultaneously infected with small-pox sickness (...) after their liberation from American occupation. (UN Security Council 1951, S/2142/Rev 1)
After a lull from July 1951 until early 1952, following outbreaks of cholera and plague in North Korea and Manchuria, Pak Hen En again submitted a protest with the United Nations, citing seven instances in which he alleged that enemy military aircraft had dropped insects infected with plague and cholera. This accuastionwould be echoed by Peoples Republic of China PremierZhou Enlaijust two days later.
In both instances, the accusations were immediately and vehemently denied by the United States government. What followed would be yet another back-and-forth between the communist and United States forces which would persist through the end of the war.
Four months after the second wave of allegations were made, the United States proposed to the United Nations Security Council that there should be aninvestigation of the reported attack sites, led by the International Red Cross. This proposal fell apartdue to a Soviet veto, as did the resolution. Moscow blocked the idea due to the extensive U.S. influence within the Red Cross, and the ongoing perception that the United Nations was too obliging with western interests. This was a persistent concern since the United Nations refusal to remove the Republic of China representative in favor of a representative of the Peoples Republic of China, against the wishes of the Soviet Union.
Instead, led by the communist-aligned World Peace Council, the International Scientific Commission performed their own investigation in mid-1952. That effortwasheaded by Dr. Joseph Needham, a British scientist who previously investigated the Japanese use of bioweapons during World War II. The commissions report consists of sixty pages detailing the purported incidents in Korea and China, followed by over 600 pages of appendices which included eyewitness and epidemiologist testimony, and photos of the alleged bomb casings.
Despite never performing any independent field analysis, and only receiving evidence secondhand through Chinese government field staff, the ISC concluded that the accusations of biowarfare in the Korean War were factual. The document received immediate and unrelenting opposition by representatives of the United States and was also the subject of criticism from Western bacteriologists and virologists.
Notably, the document containedthe statements of four captured U.S. airmen, who initially testified in support of their captors:
As to when we first started to use germ bombs, it was about the first of the year, about 1 January, 1952, I should say, since that is when we were all reminded to look for dud bombs. It is probable that other outfits (...) started to use germ warfare at the same time. (First Lieut. Kenneth L Enoch, ISC pg 493)
I was forced to be the tool of these war mongers and made to drop germ bombs and do this awful crime against the people of Korea and the Chinese Volunteers. Because I am a soldier I must follow orders (...) from those imperialists on Wall Street. (First Lieut. John Quinn, ISC pg 537)
In late 1952, over six months after the initial confessions, another pilot, Colonel Schwable of the United States Marine Corps, produced another admission after undergoing months of torture at the hands of his captors. Schwable, along with the four airmen featured in the ISC report, all recanted their confessions upon repatriation andit was concluded through trial that the confessions were made under extreme mental duress.
The purpose of these allegations remains murky even today because wartime political interests and the lingering international relations clouded the situation at hand. For instance, whether or not the claims of biological warfare were only intended as a defamation campaign against an enemy in battle, China still mobilized national vaccination campaigns during the Korean War. These vaccination drives suggested that, at least for some Chinese citizens or officials, the allegations were seen as terrifyingly real.
It should be noted, however, that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself retracted the claims shortly after Stalins death, in a statement to Mao Zedong:
The Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the CPSU were misled. The spread in the press of information about the use by the Americans of bacteriological weapons in Korea was based on false information. The accusations against the Americans were fictitious.
This powerful Soviet rebuttal of the claims further enforces the conclusion of most scholars today that the allegations were nothing more than political theater during one of the most destructive conflicts in modern history. This remains true despite details that remain unclear even today, such as who first instigated the claims and the fact that there has been no retraction of the allegations from the Chinese government.
Emalyn Atkins is a Research Associate Intern in Korean Studies with the Center for the National Interest.
Image: Reuters.
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North Korea and China Accused America of Biowarfare During the Korean War - The National Interest
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The Bahamas International Travel Information
Posted: at 9:25 am
Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.
Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.
Drugs: Marijuana and all products that contains its derivatives such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) -- to include gummies, oils and other edible products -- are NOT legal in The Bahamas.Having a prescription or medical card for cannabis/marijuana does not exempt you from being prosecuted under Bahamian law, which makes no distinction between medical and recreational use of marijuana.
The possession or use of illegal drugs, including marijuana, cocaine, and ecstasy, is a criminal offense in The Bahamas and can result in time in prison. While visiting The Bahamas, you are subject to Bahamian law.Drug violators are regularly arrested, even for possession of small quantities. All persons 16 years of age or older in The Bahamas are tried as adults in court. If you are arrested for drug possession, you should expect to spend at least one night, and possibly longer, in custody. Stay away from drug traffickers, who may be often armed and violent. Do not accept packages from people you meet during your stay.
Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our webpage for further information. Travelers should also be aware that Bahamian laws do not include a right to a public defender in lower courts. Any legal representation is at the expense of the visitor.
Faith-Based Travelers: See the following webpages for details:
LGBTI Travelers: There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in The Bahamas.
See our LGBTI Travel Information page and section 6 of our Human Rights report for further details.
Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance. Accessibility and accommodations in The Bahamas are very different from in the United States. Newer buildings, especially in tourism-centric areas are accessible, but many older buildings are not.
Students: See our Students Abroad page and FBI travel tips.
Women Travelers: See our travel tips for Women Travelers.
For more information aboutcustoms concerns,boating, andwildlife, please visit our website.
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