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Daily Archives: February 6, 2021
Brookshire Grocery Company publishes book to share 92-year history – Weatherford Democrat
Posted: February 6, 2021 at 8:18 am
TYLER Brookshire Grocery Co. (BGC) has a proud heritage which dates back to1928 and has published a book which shares its more than 92 years of history titled From Cotton Pickerto Store Keeper.
I am excited to have our story shared with our partners, customers and communities, said BradBrookshire, chairman and CEO for Brookshire Grocery Co. My grandfather wholeheartedly believed itwas his God-given calling to serve others through the grocery business, and this book illustrates our 92-year commitment to carrying on his great legacy. Our customers and employee-partners can take greatpride in knowing they play an important role in our incredible story that continues to unfold.
Told from the perspective of long-time employee, Jim Powell, the book shares how BGCs companyfounder W.T. Brookshire, nicknamed Cotton Picker from having worked in his familys fields pickingcotton through his childhood, started the first Brookshires store and built a regional grocery businessthat surpassed everyones wildest dreams. Rich with local and Texas history, the BGC story features thepersonal experiences of BGC partners and the many innovations in the food industry throughout thedecades. Customers and partners will enjoy reading the unforgettable and inspiring book about BGC astory first and foremost about family.
The softcover (paperback) books are being sold for $10 each at all Brookshires, Super 1 Foods, SpringMarket and FRESH by Brookshires stores. All proceeds are being donated to the Brookshire GroceryCompany Partners Care Fund which is a Direct Grant program managed by the United Way of East Texaswhich helps employee-partners who are facing financial hardship due to a qualifying event and, as aresult, do not have the ability to maintain their basic living expenses.
Based in Tyler, BGC is a regional family-owned grocery business that employs close to 16,000individuals throughout Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. The company operates more than 180 storesunder the Brookshires, Super 1 Foods, FRESH by Brookshires and Spring Market banners, along withthree distribution centers and corporate offices.
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Talk of the Times: Touring the rich history of Cape Ann – Gloucester Daily Times
Posted: at 8:18 am
The Cape Ann Museum will be hosting three outdoor walking tours throughout the month of February.
"During a time of continued concerns about the spread of COVID-19, the one-and-half hour tours offer participants a safe and engaging way to learn about the rich history of Cape Ann" Ashley Elias, for the Museum, said.
The tours will explore the life and careers of artists Edward Hopper and Fitz Henry Lane in Gloucester and the evolution of religious and spiritual life on Cape Ann.
Saturday, Feb. 13 at 1 p.m.: A guided tour through the Lane Gallery to the Lane House
Saturday, Feb. 20 at 1 p.m.:The evolution of spiritual communities walking tour
Saturday, Feb. 27 at 1 p.m.:"Hopper's Houses" Walking Tour
Each tour is led by a knowledgeable Museum docent who will guide participants along a route through the city focusing on the chosen topic.
Tours are held rain or shine and participants are required to wear face masks. Cost, which includes museum admission, is $10 for CAM members and $20 for non-member.
Register at capeannmuseum.org/events.
A leafy welcome
Backyard Growers haswelcomed Jessica (Jess) Reid to take on the role of program coordinator as they seek to connect peopleand communities through access to healthy food.
"We are elated to welcome Jess to the team at Backyard Growers," said Program Director Corrine Lippie. "She is a dynamic new addition with deep food systems and farming experience. As we grow the Backyard Growers team, we will also be able to deepen our work and impact in the community."
Reid is a Massachusetts native who has worked on agricultural projects everywhere from Vermont to Madagascar. She graduated from Saint Michaels College after studying anthropology with a focus on farming and food systems. Looking to pursue work that combined these interests, she joined the Peace Corps as an Agriculture Extension Agent in Madagascar in 2018.
After two years working abroad, Reid will manage Backyard Growers' garden sites, which includes nine community and partner gardens and nine school garden sites from preschool through high school. She will develop and deliver trainings, workshops and outreach to support a diverse service population of children, seniors, and families as they grow their own food through the organizations community and backyard garden programs.
Working with Lippie, she will also build upon a strong foundation of existing programs and expand the organization's capacity to connect low- to moderate-income individuals and families through new initiatives.
Backyard Growers was founded by Executive Director Lara Lepionka in 2010. Now based at 3 Duncan St. in downtown Gloucester, the organization manages vegetable gardens in all Gloucester Public Schools and connects students from pre-K through high school to experiences that help them shape healthy behaviors. Backyard Growers has also built 400 raised garden beds across Gloucester, providing the resources and training for low- to moderate-income children, families, and seniors to grow their own food.
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Comparing COVID-19 to other deadly diseases in U.S. history – CBS News 8
Posted: at 8:18 am
COVID-19 is more deadly than most other pandemics that have hit the U.S., except for the one in 1918.
SAN DIEGO COVID-19 is more deadly than most other pandemics that have hit the U.S., except for the one in 1918. As of January 22, coronavirus had killed 410,000 people in the country. The 1918 Flu Pandemic took 675,000 lives, and health experts aren't expecting that many deaths this time.
But COVID has been much, much worse than the 1968 Influenza Pandemic which killed 116,00 people, and the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic which killed 12,469.
When you look at COVID-19 compared to other deadly diseases, it hasnt killed quite as many people. As of January 22nd, COVID's 410,000 people have died in not quite a year. The average death toll in 2020 for Hearth Disease was 655,000 and 606,520 people die of cancer.
Compared to people lost during famous moments in history, COVID is right up there. For instance, in World War II the U.S. lost 405,399 military casualties.
So as President Biden pointed out, on January 22nd we already passed World War II American casualties. 58,000 members of the military were killed in Vietnam, a number that coronavirus deaths surpassed early on.
On September 11, 2,988 people lost their lives in the attack. By mid-January, more people were dying every day in the United States to COVID-19.
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Comparing COVID-19 to other deadly diseases in U.S. history - CBS News 8
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From Domestic Hedonism To Mindful Moderation, the Bacardi Survey Reveals Spirits Trends Sparked by Cultural Shifts Last Year – CSRwire.com
Posted: at 8:17 am
Published 02-01-21
Submitted by Bacardi Limited
HAMILTON, Bermuda, February 1, 2021 /CSRwire/Bacardi Limited, the world's largest privately-held spirits company, has its eye on the future. It just released theBacardi Cocktail Trends Report, the company's second annual edition, revealing how recent cultural shifts have re-shaped the beverage industry. Created in collaboration with The Future Laboratory (TFL), a London-based consultancy, the report predicts the changes that will happen in cocktail consumption in 2021. It also relates insights collected from the global network of Bacardi ambassadors, as well as bartenders and other industry experts.
"The pandemic has shifted mindsets and accelerated emerging trends, and the Bacardi Cocktail Trends Report is a window to these changes," says Brenda Fiala, Global Vice President, Strategic Insights and Analytics for Bacardi.
"These insights help us navigate the consumer landscape and set the course for future growth, as we enter a new year in which adults of legal drinking age are looking forward to reestablishing connection, creating new rituals, and toasting to simple moments of celebration with loved ones."
Prior to lockdowns, only 1% of spirits sales were online as people werent really aware of shopping of bottles or cocktails via their browsers. Within weeks of lockdowns, consumers discovered they can buy spirits online and have them delivered right to their door, leading to exponential growth of online spirits sales. A new culture of convenience, enabled by the meteoric rise of e-comm, is on the rise.
Drizly, an alcohol e-commerce platform, grew by 350% in 2020, according to IWSR. An appetite for convenience, and a new abundance of caution, have together sparked a 131% rise in ready-to-drink (RTD) canned cocktails in the U.S. (Nielsen CGA).
As this category flourishes further this year, expect to see some new players in the game.
The Italianaperitivois being embraced across the globe, spiking interest in bitters in particular. As consumers thirst for a familiar reprieve from lockdown life, classic cocktails are also growing in popularity, as are pursuits of fun twists on these time-honored staples.
More people are pushing the boundaries of experimentation with cocktails like the chili whisky sour and turmeric-infused gin and ginger cocktails, suggesting the emergence of gustatory thrill-seeking.
The classics are back but with a futuristic twist, says Martin Raymond, co-founder of The Future Laboratory. He further predicts that, At home, weve learned to make these drinks. But once bars are up and running again, well be expecting our favorite bartenders and places to match, confound and challenge us with the future faced fusions and variation builds and tastes theyve been perfecting during lockdown super-charged bitters, volatile sweets when we expect gentle sours, even hyper-local elixirs that distil the best weeds, mosses, and lichens with the exactness of a chemist. If yesterdays bartender was about skill and mixology, tomorrows one is a about alchemy and disruption.
According to Bacardi, 20% of customers are now keen to explore drinks that weren't on their radar pre-lockdown, including premium versions of their favorite spirits or of others they haven't sampled before. As a result, we'll see more elevated, to-go options, as well as premium batched cocktails.
In North America, the best premiumization opportunities are in tequila (60%), dark rum (32%), and mezcal (29%). In Europe, gin is booming, and it is the top trending spirit globally (51%), based on insights gleaned from the Bacardi Global Brand Ambassador Survey.
This desire for more environmentally conscious consumption has also entered into bars and restaurants. 58% of Bacardi brand ambassadors in North America say they have noticed an increase in bartenders interest in zero-waste ingredients.
Bars and restaurants are starting to take note of this shift. Many have adopted hybrid menus that offer drinks in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic versions, and many more likely will this year.
Download the completeBacardi Cocktail Trends Report 2021andInfographic.
About Bacardi Limited
Bacardi Limited, the largest privately held spirits company in the world, produces and markets internationally recognized spirits and wines. The Bacardi Limited brand portfolio comprises more than 200 brands and labels, including BACARD rum, GREY GOOSE vodka, PATRN tequila, DEWARS Blended Scotch whisky, BOMBAY SAPPHIRE gin, MARTINI vermouth and sparkling wines, CAZADORES 100% blue agave tequila, and other leading and emerging brands including WILLIAM LAWSONS Scotch whisky, ST-GERMAIN elderflower liqueur, and ERISTOFF vodka. Founded more than 158 years ago in Santiago de Cuba, family-owned Bacardi Limited currently employs more than 7,000, operates production facilities in 11 countries, and sells its brands in more than 170 countries. Bacardi Limited refers to the Bacardi group of companies, including Bacardi International Limited. Visithttp://www.bacardilimited.comor follow us onTwitter,LinkedInorInstagram.
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Video Stars: Video Killed The Radio Star – The Buggles (1981) | Gigwise – Gigwise
Posted: at 8:17 am
In a feat of rarely-realised and prescient self-awareness, the new-fangled MTV launched on 1 August 1981 with a premiere of The Buggles Video Killed The Radio Star. The one-hit wonder for the British band was - and remains to this day - a sharp and addictive hit: the new-wave nous, the cacophony of instruments, the swooning bridge all make for a truly timeless listen. Lest we forget the music video - filmed in one day - that the song hit with, a maximalist budget-breaker that became the first ever music video to air on MTV forty years ago this August.
It was, for all intents and purposes, the worlds first music video smash: a full-formed narrative visual that sat with the songs themes and put the artists on a new kind of pedestal. Here, we start our investigation into some of the music videos weve gotten ever since: the ones that have burned our retinas; the ones that have made sex symbols of unknowns; the ones that changed the way the medium works completely.
On Video Killed The Radio Star, we join Trevor Horn in a high contrast effect as he leans in to sing those opening lines: I heard you on the wireless back in 52. A young girl (who would now be about fifty years old) interacts with a comically-large radio while wearing a fetching pair of green socks paired with sandals. Soon, she evolves into a lurex-clad woman, who represents the scene-stealing television and its futuristic connotations.
Theres a hell of a lot going on in this shoot: surely part of the reason why the video was chosen as MTVs first. While most songs of the era and before featured unfussy lip syncing on stage, this Russell Mulcahy-directed film goes well-in with nauseous hand-held zooming, glitzy costumes, early SFX and ramshackle set design. Consider, if you will, the scene at 2 minutes nine seconds, in which televisions fell a bunch of radios, revealing a paper-thin flooring covered in a hasty icing of rubble, which takes us out of the narrative with its flagrant slap-dash finish. Still, on the whole its a high-budget affair for the time, and one that reflects the new-fangled hedonism of the tune nicely.
Horn called The Buggles "a robot Beatles" in an interview with The Guardian in 2018, and those influences can certainly be seen here in modish cyberman suits, alongside an apparently unconscious fetishism of everything Bowie. Some might dismiss the roughly tugged foil paper background, the less-than-smooth employent of fly harnessing and the goofy costumes worn by Horn and his bandmates. For all of these things and more, critciism would be fair. And yet very few moments of this landmark video can be said to be uncharming; only a true fun-sponge could level serious criticism with a straight face.
Maximalism and hedonism are the keys here: precedents that seem to have informed the following forty years, in which we have had progressively more batshit, expensive and inventive music videos.
Stick around for Video Stars: our new column reviewing some of the music videos that we have been gifted since MTV launched forty years ago.
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Video Stars: Video Killed The Radio Star - The Buggles (1981) | Gigwise - Gigwise
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LGBT+ history month: remembering the Glamour Boys’ the gay MPs who warned 1930s Britain about Nazism – The Conversation UK
Posted: at 8:17 am
In the 1920s and 1930s of buttoned-up Britain, homosexuality was an illicit act, and would remain that way until 1967 when the law changed in England and Wales. Even though gay culture was vibrant, it existed mostly underground, its community forced to socialise with a certain degree of covertness in order to avoid exposure and the risk of prison.
Berlin, meanwhile, had emerged from the dark years following the first world war as a cultural hub of creativity and intellectualism, attracting pioneers in the fields of science, psychology, art and literature. The German capital was also a hotbed of hedonism where sexual freedoms and gay culture flourished, and where exciting new forms of music and dance contributed to the febrile atmosphere.
On visits to this liberal metropolis during that period, a small group of young British Conservative Party MPs which included figures such as Ronald Cartland, Anthony Muirhead and Robert Bernays began to witness the growing persecution of certain groups in Germany, including homosexuals and Jews.
This group of Conservative MPs was scathingly dubbed the Glamour Boys in 1938 by their own leader Neville Chamberlain, the then prime minister. Chamberlain, who would become the eventual architect of appeasement in the autumn of 1938, even threatened the group with deselection. The story of the Glamour Boys provides a striking example of how the political establishment was prepared to publicly disparage members of their own party.
Yet, despite the risk of exposing their own homosexuality at a time when it was illegal, the Glamour Boys brought their concerns to parliament throughout the 1930s. The rise of the Nazi party to power in 1933 marked the end of the Weimar Republic that had witnessed the cultural explosion of Berlin. A crackdown on gay culture in Germany saw the detainment of homosexuals, alongside police raids on popular bars and nightclubs.
But opposition to the rise of Hitler was certainly not the prevailing attitude in Britain at the time, either at Westminster or in public. There was plenty of enthusiasm for the Fhrer among certain sections of British society including the Duke and Duchess of Windsor who met Hitler in Germany in 1937. Yet, even though the concerns of the Glamour Boys were vindicated as the 1930s and 1940s progressed, British history has failed to appreciate their prescience in the same manner as it has figures such as Winston Churchill.
The activity of the Glamour Boys peaked between 1938 and 1940, as Europe accelerated towards war. The Whitehall Newsletter provided a mouthpiece through which the group voiced their concerns at the growing threat of Nazism. The group was also prominent in parliamentary debates during the period, including those in 1938 surrounding the Munich Agreement which allowed German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.
This group of young MPs provided essential critical mass to the dissenting anti-appeasement movements within the House of Commons, which came to be spearheaded by the likes of Anthony Eden and Winston Churchill. Without such backing, the two would have remained voices in the wind until the outbreak of war in 1939 became imminent.
The opposition to the rise of Nazism offered by Winston Churchill throughout his wilderness years of the 1930s has been well-documented. In a famous speech of November 1934, he expressed concern at rapid German rearmament. In British historical memory, Churchill has come to be viewed as a prophet of the horrors that were yet to unravel.
But the foresight and instincts of the Glamour Boys have faded from public memory. The story has only recently garnered attention, in large part thanks to the research of current Labour MP Chris Bryant whose book, The Glamour Boys:The Secret Story of the Rebels Who Fought for Britain to Defeat Hitler, sheds light on the story.
We should question why the Glamour Boys have not occupied a more prominent position in narratives of the second world war era. Churchills political renaissance and redemptive rise to prime minister naturally magnified his own actions in the 1930s. This has likely come at the historical expense of other groups such as the Glamour Boys, who had also been vocal in their opposition to Nazism at the time.
It seems plausible that the sexuality of the Glamour Boys has prevented them from receiving their historical place. LGBT+ histories have not been well-accommodated in British narratives of the past. Only legalised in England and Wales in 1967, homosexuality remained taboo in the decades that followed. The fact that that the contemptuous moniker Glamour Boys endures perhaps speaks for itself.
Similarly, gay wartime codebreaker Alan Turing was only granted a posthumous royal pardon in 2013 for his conviction for gross indecency in 1952, which resulted in his brutal chemical castration.
Every February, LGBT+ History Month offers a chance to reflect on society past and present, and consider how certain stories have been airbrushed from national history. The political views and sexual orientation of the Glamour Boys have been marginalised, both at the time and retrospectively, despite their important contribution to British society. We need to reflect on how enduring social prejudices have shaped the way in which the nation remembers its past.
The Glamour Boys offer just one opportunity among many to diversify entrenched national narratives. There is danger in ignoring the voices of marginalised groups, and continual effort is required to eradicate unconscious bias in whichever context it might appear. It also provides a reminder of why history must feature narratives that contain multiple voices and perspectives, besides those of the status quo.
Above all, the story of the Glamour Boys is one of bravery. The courage displayed by this group of MPs extended well into the second world war, when several were killed in military action. In a time when homosexuality was prohibited, this group of young gay MPs risked their liberty and later their lives in the pursuit of social and political justice.
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Why Rebecca Black has been cool all along (and ‘Friday’ is a masterpiece) – NME
Posted: at 8:17 am
Almost 10 years after the release of Friday, the auto-tune-heavy song that laboured over weekdays and memorably rhymed seat with seat, its time to set the record straight once and for all. Despite being treated like a punchline throughout her entire teens, Rebecca Black is cool. Case in point: her actually-pretty-good latest single Girlfriend. Its a pointed move from the queer artist, who seems less interested in pinning down her fluid sexuality to any one specific label and more interested in smashing out undeniable bops. And bloody good on her!
10 years ago, Rebecca Black, then a 13-year-old from Anaheim, California, had vague aspirations of going to study performing arts and when a classmate made a music video with LAs Ark Music Factory, Black decided to do the same. Founded in 2010 by Patrice Wilson (who raps on Friday and also appears in the video), the business put out tracks with aspiring artists in exchange for money: mostly they shot low-budget music videos for teenagers like Rebecca Black, who signed up wanting to boost her chances of getting into college. I really didnt think that much about it because nobodys going to see it, Black told Slate last year.
Despite being mercilessly ripped to shreds at the time, Friday is a high-camp masterpiece. From the very beginning, its completely nonsensical. When Rebeccas mates surely not old enough to hold driving licences, but besides the point pull up alongside her in a convertible, she spends an entire pre-chorus deliberating over whether to call shotgun on the front passenger seat. Despite the suggestion that theyre all setting off for school, the group of truants drive instead to what resembles an under-18s proto-frat party for a healthy dollop of partyin partyin, fun, fun fun sung by Black from beneath about 700 layers of auto-tune and robotic vocal treatment.
Though Black may not have set out intending to parody tropes of pop music, Friday certainly succeeds in this respect anyway. Years before ultra-cool production house PC Music were satirising the most auto-tuned elements of 00s pop, Friday was inadvertently skewering them, and like majority of genuinely camp moments, it got there by accident. Though Black copped a lot of backlash at the time, the track has become a mainstay of certain gay bars, a lip-synch favourite for drag queens everywhere and Tyler, The Creators dance break of choice while performing with Odd Future. Rebecca Black herself even ended up performing it at RuPauls Los Angeles DragCon while decked out in a leopard-print suit nicked straight out of Kat Slaters wardrobe. Next stop, guest judge on RuPauls Drag Race?
When the song went viral, Ark offered to take the video down, and she refused. God knows why, but I said no, she told Slate. I think something told me, Ugh, if you do that, then everybody else wins, and youve just immediately given up any sort of little bit of power you had. An amateur music video intended for YouTube obscurity, Friday spread like wildfire instead and was quickly hailed the worst music video ever made, according to one viral tweet. Though some of the mocking was in relatively good humour, Black also received abusive messages and even death threats.
Unlike most viral moments, Friday didnt just fizzle out a couple of days later she kept the flame alight by, essentially, being a massive laugh. A few months after her accidental breakthrough, Rebecca Black popped up in Katy Perrys video for Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.), corrupting Perrys nerdy lead character and leading her down a path of partying and hedonism. Two years later, Black released its sequel, Saturday and gently poked fun at Friday in the process munching Cheerios from a container labelled with the lyric gotta have my bowl and mimicking aspects of Fridays bizarre delivery. Whatever your feelings towards either song, theres no denying that she entered into the spirit of things.
A synth-poppy EP titled RE/BL followed in 2017; though broadly underwhelming, it marked a clear and deliberate step away from Friday with intriguing production choices and a few signs of early promise. Two years later, Anyway channelling vague hints of The 1975 and MUNA was far better. Last year Closer and Self Sabotage surpassed them. And in the ultimate cool move, Rebecca Black ended up teaming up with experimental pop figurehead Dorian Electra for Edgelord chucking in a couple more referential piss-takes aimed at Friday along the way.
Her latest, Girlfriend is a sapphic pop banger cast in a similar mould to Katy Perrys Teenage Dream, but made super-gay. To mark the 10th anniversary of Friday meanwhile, theres talk of a commemorative remix. And ultimately, this is why Rebecca Black is way, way cooler than most of your faves who made dubious decisions early in their careers. A decade later, shes still completely in on the joke and with 149 million views for Friday, its safe to say that she also had the last laugh.
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Why Rebecca Black has been cool all along (and 'Friday' is a masterpiece) - NME
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Everything we hope to learn from 3 historic missions to Mars – Mashable
Posted: at 8:17 am
With missions from three nations expected to reach the Red Planet this month, 2021 might be the most illuminating year in the history of Mars research.
Earthlings have been sending probes and robots to and near Mars since the 1960s, and dozens have successfully captured images and data about the planet, gradually revealing its desert mysteries. We've learned a bit about its geology and atmosphere, found ice, and uncovered compelling evidence that Mars was once home to blue oceans.
Now, we're looking deeper. The looming missions will search for evidence of past life on Mars, gather a complete picture of the planet's weather systems, prepare soil samples to be picked up by a future mission, and even attempt the first flight on Mars (via a small helicopter).
From the United States comes Perseverance, NASAs fifth Mars rover. In the country's first independent mission to Mars, China is sending Tianwen-1. And the Hope orbiter from the United Arab Emirates will be the first interplanetary mission from any Arab nation.
All three of these missions launched from Earth in July 2020. Hopefully, by the end of 2021, theyll teach us plenty of new things about Mars.
NASA's Perseverance is expected to land in Jezero Crater, just north of the Martian equator.
We're going to a really old area of Mars and we expect that because the climate was warmer and wetter around 3.5 million years ago, which is the age of these rocks that we're looking at, if life had a chance to arrive, this might be a good place to search for that evidence, said Mitch Schulte, Mars 2020 program scientist at NASA.
Once the rover lands, it will check to make sure its parts and scientific instruments are working, which can take a month or two. But once its ready, the search for past life can begin.
Perseverance is equipped with cameras, lasers, and other instruments to help it examine Mars and scan for traces of atoms left behind by tiny lifeforms.
Schulte was in charge of the process that determined what instruments would be included on the rover. That process wrapped up back in 2014, two years after the team started to develop this mission.
Instruments on the rover's arm will be able to detect the presence of organic matter but we're not expecting, like, dinosaur bones or anything like that, Schulte said. We're really looking at fine detail in the environment that the organisms might have inhabited.
Those instruments on the rovers arm are called SHERLOC and PIXL. SHERLOC can hit surfaces two inches away with an ultraviolet laser to detect organic chemicals, and is partnered with a camera named WATSON.
PIXL uses an X-ray beam to search for organic material, traces of which can last millions of years after a microscopic organism lived.
Before its hunt begins, the rover will attempt to launch the first flight on Mars. Aboard Perseverance is Ingenuity, a roughly 4-pound drone equipped with a camera. It can fly for around 90 seconds, covering almost 1,000 feet at heights of 10 to 15 feet on pre-set paths. It's solar-powered and can recharge its own battery.
This will be the first time flying anything on another planet. That's pretty spectacular, said Michael Meyer, Mars Exploration Program lead scientist at NASA. As lead scientist, Meyer works with the global community of Mars scientists to determine what the next steps of Mars exploration should be and how missions should proceed in the future.
"This will be the first time flying anything on another planet. That's pretty spectacular."
If the test flight goes well, it might open a path for other drones in space exploration, which could survey planets between the far-out scale of orbiters and six-foot-high scale of rovers.
It really does improve your possibilities for where you should go and take samples, Meyer said. That outcrop that you don't see from the rover or don't see from space, that could be the perfect place to take a sample. As you think more about this and we learn more about how to fly on Mars, you can start thinking about putting other things on it that might be able to pick up samples, do things for you that might be too dangerous or steep to get a rover.
An artist's representation of what the first flight on Mars with the Ingenuity helicopter will look like.
Mars has plenty of carbon dioxide, but little oxygen. So Perseverance will use a tool called MOXIE to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, compress it, and then use a solid oxide electrolysis cell to strip the oxygen out of it, Schulte said.
If the test is successful, MOXIE could be used to provide future astronauts with breathable air. Oxygen is also a vital component of rocket fuel. If spacecraft could launch from Earth with less fuel for the return trip, they would be able to carry more cargo with the same amount of fuel or alternatively need less fuel thanks to the lighter load.
Eventually, a mission will be sent to pick up 43 sample tubes that Perseverance will have filled and stored inside itself until they're ready to be left outside.
Scientists on Earth will have to determine where to collect the samples, and where and when to set them down. There is some debate on the timing of this. If the samples aren't deposited and something unexpected happens to the rover, they would be inaccessible to the pick-up mission, Meyer explained.
The science community and the engineers will get nervous about having all those samples on board, Meyer said. When they're on board, they can't be accessed. They're in the trunk but the trunk is locked. At some point in time you have to decide to let those samples go, put them on the surface of Mars, so that the future mission can collect them.
By the end of the year, we may have an idea of where the samples will be awaiting their ferry back to Earth.
While the China National Space Administration has not made much information publicly available about Tianwen-1, the agency did release its main goals and what it will be launching.
Between the orbiter and the rover, Tianwen-1 will use various cameras, radar, and other tools to examine the soil, structure, and climate of Mars, most notably looking at the presence of water and ice in the planet's soil, according to an article published in Nature Astronomy.
After the lander settles, a ramp will allow the rover to roll onto the surface of the Utopia Planitia, a broad plain hundreds of miles northwest of where Curiosity has explored and northeast of where Perseverance is headed.
Despite having little information about the Tianwen-1 mission, Meyer said the fact the rover is going somewhere new is exciting.
Let's face it, any time you send a rover and you land somewhere where you haven't landed before, you're going to learn something new, because now you're looking at a new place up close and personal, he said.
Meanwhile, the orbiter will serve as a communications relay between the rover and Earth. It will also observe Mars to help analyze the planet's atmosphere and subsurface.
The United Arab Emirates has much more information about its Hope orbiter mission, so named because the UAE Space Agency would like it to inspire people in the Middle East.
The Hope orbiters primary goal is to observe, measure, and analyze the Martian atmosphere. Onboard it has an infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet spectrometer, and imager for capturing high-resolution photos.
Its infrared spectrometer will be used to study the lower atmosphere, measuring dust, ice clouds, and water vapor distribution, as well as temperature. This will help give us an understanding of the planets atmospheric circulation and seasons.
Hope's UV spectrometer will measure gases in the thermosphere (the second-highest layer of the atmosphere), including carbon monoxide and oxygen. And it will create a 3D map of hydrogen and oxygen in the exosphere, the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
The Hope orbiter is inspected before its launch.
While there are other Mars orbiters, such as NASAs MAVEN, Meyer said that Hopes physical orbit is unique: its both very large and equatorial.
Other orbiters like MAVEN orbit around the poles of Mars, running north and south while the planet rotates underneath. They also stay much closer to the planet, which can give a more detailed look at the planet but limits their breadth, Meyer said.
Because of the large orbit, it's something like 40,000 km the furthest away, [Hope is] going to be able to look at Mars kind of as an entire planet, this synoptic view, Meyer said, noting that it will complement MAVEN and other missions very well.
Additionally, Hope will measure atmospheric escape, specifically looking at hydrogen and oxygen. Scientists know this happens, but haven't been able to accurately measure yet.
Once Hope reaches Mars, it wont be long before Earth receives new images and measurements of Martian weather.
As Schulte and Meyer explained, reaching this level of Mars exploration has been a long process. The Perseverance mission is a step in an astrobiological strategy that was laid out back in 1995.
Earlier, NASA was able to determine that there was liquid water scattered near Mars' surface, Schulte said. That led naturally into actually searching for signs in the rock records that life might have left behind on Mars.
NASA Attitude Control Systems lead Chris Pong wears a mask while the mission to Mars continuesduring the COVID-19 pandemic.
Now that technology has caught up to their curiosity, their hard work is paying off, despite the worst pandemic in a century.
Everything is hard already and you throw in the pandemic where people have to isolate and people have to be away from their families for extended periods of time, Meyer said. It's pretty amazing the challenges people have overcome to make these missions successful.
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Intriguing dark streaks on Mars may be caused by landslides after all – Space.com
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Martian landslides might help explain mystery lines seen on the surface of the Red Planet, a new study finds.
For years, scientists analyzing the Martian surface have detected clusters of dark, narrow lines that seasonally appear on steep, sun-facing slopes in the warmer regions. Previous research has suggested that these enigmatic dark streaks, called recurring slope lineae (RSL), are signs that salty water regularly flows on the Red Planet during its warmest seasons.
Recent missions to Mars have revealed that the planet does possess huge underground pockets of ice. Prior work suggested that warmer temperatures during the Martian spring and summer could help generate salty brines capable, at least for a time, of staying liquid in the cold, thin air of the Red Planet.
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However, geologists have discovered problems with the concept of brines causing RSL, explained study lead author Janice Bishop, a planetary scientist at the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, both of which are in California's Silicon Valley. For example, the angle of slopes where RSL occur and the features surrounding where they start "largely are inconsistent with a liquid flow process," she told Space.com.
Now Bishop and her colleagues suggest that chemical reactions could make the Martian surface vulnerable to landslides that might explain RSL.
"Although the surface of Mars today is dry and harsh and cold and dominated by wind and abrasion, underneath the surface, micro-scale interactions of salts with tiny ice and liquid water particles can be still occurring today," Bishop said.
The scientists focused on chemical reactions between sulfate minerals such as gypsum with chloride salts, of which table salt is one variety. "On Earth, interactions between gypsum and chloride salts have caused collapse of parts of caves, sinkholes in soft sediments near salty lakes and ponds, and uplift of roads," Bishop said.
The researchers speculated that similar interactions could happen on Mars, although the cold and dry conditions there would slow these reactions down. "I am super excited about the prospect of active chemistry below the surface on Mars, albeit at a slow rate," Bishop said.
In the new study, the scientists conducted lab experiments on mixtures of sulfates, chloride salts, tiny ice particles and volcanic ash similar to Martian soil. They froze and thawed such mixtures at the kinds of low temperatures found on the Red Planet.
The researchers found thin films of slushy water formed on the surfaces of the mineral grains. They suggested these films could expand and contract over time, leading to upheavals and contractions under the Martian surface. Wind and dust on these unstable surfaces could then set off landslides, producing the lines seen on the Red Planet, Bishop explained.
The scientists noted that in the future, surface missions on Mars to recent RSL sites could help test their model. They detailed their findings online today (Feb. 3) in the journal Science Advances.
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Happy New Year, Mars! Feb. 7 marks what could be a future Martian holiday – CNET
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This ESA infographic explains how the new year works on Mars.
Sunday, Feb. 7, 2021 on Earth is a big deal for a lot of humans. It's Super Bowl Sunday. But it's also a big deal on Mars because it marks the Martian New Year, an event that happens much less often than on our own planet.
As we look ahead to someday sending humans to Mars, we should start thinking more about Martian holidays. A year on the red planet lasts 687 Earth days, so we would need a lot less champagne and noisemakers than we do back home.
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This week, the European Space Agency (ESA) offered some suggestions for marking the Martian New Year. "If you would like to feel younger, just divide your current age by 1.88 and casually mention to your friends that that's your real age on Mars," said ESA.
We know it's 2021 on Earth, but what year will it be on Mars? The answer: 36. "The count started in Earth year 1955," the ESA said. "This first Martian year coincided with a very large dust storm in its second half, aptly named 'the great dust storm of 1956.'"
If you ever feel like you don't have enough time in the day, Mars might be for you. Days on Mars (called "sols") last for about 24 hours and 39 minutes. NASA's Curiosity rover just marked its 3,000-Martian-day anniversary in January.
There are extra reasons for Earthlings to celebrate the Martian New Year this time around. It comes just days before a trio of spacecraft sent by NASA, China and the United Arab Emirates reach the planet. They'll arrive at slightly different times, and there's a lot of excitement around the landing of NASA's Perseverance rover on Feb. 18.
The next Mars New Year won't happen until Dec. 26, 2022, so break out the bubbly and raise a toast to the red planet and what promises to be an epic Martian year for exploration.
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