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Monthly Archives: July 2020
Bruce Lee: Inside the mind of the martial arts icon – CNN
Posted: July 21, 2020 at 11:45 am
"Neither," Lee said. "I think of myself as a human being."
Forty-three years after his sudden death in July of 1973, more people are starting to think of Lee as something else: A profound thinker whose mind was as supple as his body.
That may seem like an odd claim. Lee was a fighter, not a philosopher, according to popular perception. He left behind some of the most exhilarating fight scenes ever captured on film in movies such as "Enter the Dragon" and "The "Chinese Connection."
But his legacy also includes a revolutionary book on the martial arts and Eastern philosophy, and seven volumes of writings on everything from Taoism, quantum physics, psychotherapy and the power of positive thinking.
John Little, who examined Lee's papers after the actor's death, says he was stunned when he first entered Lee's library. He had at least 1,700 heavily annotated books. That's when he realized that Lee sharpened his mind as much as his body.
"The philosophy of Lee is more powerful than the martial arts of Lee," says Little, author of "The Warrior Within: The Philosophies of Bruce Lee." "Everything that Bruce Lee did flowed from his mind and his thinking."
And it flowed from his pride in his Chinese heritage as well.
Lee was a devotee of Alan Watts, a 20th century British philosopher who introduced Eastern thought to Western audiences. Lee would tape Watts' lectures and play them back to his martial arts students in class.
Lee, too, saw himself as bridge between the East and the West. He wanted to show Americans the beauty of Chinese philosophy and its culture, his friends and biographers say.
"He told me that he could educate people about the East more in films than in books," says Dan Inosanto, one of Lee's closest friends and his training partner. Inosanto filmed an insanely exciting fight scene with Lee in "Game of Death" where both battled one another using Lee's signature weapon, nunchakus, a weapon that consists of two sticks connected by a short chain.
Muscles like warm marble
Of course, those old enough to remember when Lee was alive didn't go to his films to learn about esoteric Eastern teachings. They wanted to see him kick butt.
And Lee obliged. He hit the American movie screens in the early 1970s like a tsunami.
American audiences had never seen an action star like him before. The liquid grace of his movements; his feline quickness; the weird, high-pitched shrieks he gave off during combat. People squealed in delight so much during his films that a viewer rarely heard all the dialogue.
Lee was a racial pioneer, too. Here was an Asian man who wasn't depicted as a bucktoothed buffoon or fortune-cookie-quoting sage. He was an unabashed sex symbol. Women marveled over his lithe physique; one person said touching his hardened muscles was like touching "warm marble."
But Lee's mind -- his grasp of philosophy and his willpower -- was the engine that powered his physical prowess, says Bruce Thomas, author of "Bruce Lee: Fighting Words."
"What Lee did was harness energies outside the ordinary energies that are used for daily life," Thomas says. "The martial arts were a way a life for him, a genuine path, a means of psychological development and spiritual development."
Lee's 'go-to' philosopher
Another thinker who helped Lee harness those energies was Jiddu Krishnamurti, a philosopher born in India who taught that truth can't be found through any religious tradition or dogma.
"In oneself lies the world and if you know how to look and learn, the door is there and the key is in your hand," he wrote. Krishnamurti's emphasis on self-reliance and disdain for mindlessly following tradition shaped Lee's approach to the martial arts.
When Lee was alive, the martial arts world was rigidly divided by different fighting styles. He borrowed from virtually all of them to create his own revolutionary fighting called "Jeet Kune Do," which he later turned into a book.
Today, Lee is often called the father of MMA, or mixed martial arts, for his willingness to be, as he once said, "not one style, but all styles."
"Krishnamurti was his go-to thinker," Thomas says. "He taught that one must come to the present moment and not be tainted by rituals and dogmas. He took everything Krishnamurti said about religion and applied it to the martial arts."
How Lee's mind helped him survive a crisis
Lee's devotion to philosophy could have just remained an abstract pursuit. But it was also key to his physical speed and power. One martial artist said that Lee had the ability to move from perfect stillness and "explode like a firecracker."
Lee could do that because he was able to tap into what ancient Chinese philosophers called "chi."
In his book, "The Warrior Within," Little described chi as a "vast reservoir of free-flowing energy" within all people that "when channeled to our muscles, can give us great strength and, when channeled to our brain, can give us great insight and understanding."
Lee's ability to summon chi at will was the culmination of years of philosophical contemplation and physical training, his biographers and students say.
Lee once described what it felt like to summon these energies within himself:
"I feel I have this great creative and spiritual force within me that is greater than faith, greater than ambition, greater than confidence... Whether it is the Godhead or not, I feel this great force, this untapped power, this dynamic something within me."
Lee also unleashed those energies through positive thinking. He was a fan of Norman Vincent Peale and read books such "As a Man Thinketh," by James Allen. He would also jot down homespun aphorisms in his spare time like, "Pessimism blunts the tools you need to succeed."
Lee's philosophical beliefs could have been confined to books, but they were refined by events in his life that would have broken lesser people.
First, he had to deal with racism -- from both sides.
He was born in San Francisco, but grew up in Hong Kong in an affluent family. His father was an opera star and Lee became a childhood actor who appeared in at least 20 Chinese films. Lee started studying martial arts when he was 13 but his instructor stopped personally teaching him when he learned that Lee's mother was part White, biographers say.
That experience shaped in part his decision to teach the martial arts to Westerners after he moved to America when he turned 18, some say. Teaching the martial arts to Westerners was taboo at the time, but Lee didn't care, says Doug Palmer, who was one of Lee's first students in America.
"I think the fact that he [Lee] was part white had something to do with it," Palmer says about Lee's decision to teach Westerners. "He himself had to overcome obstacles in Hong Kong because he was part white."
Lee then encountered racism from Hollywood.
He had gone to Hollywood with an idea for a television drama about the martial arts. They took his idea but rejected him for a role in the series because they thought he looked too Chinese for an America audience. They gave his role to an American actor and dancer. The drama would eventually become a hit television show called "Kung Fu."
Lee also suffered a crippling back injury during training. Doctors told him he would never walk properly again and could never practice the martial arts. It was a low moment in his life. He was bedridden with a wife and two young children to support. At one point he only had $50 in the bank. He could have fallen into a debilitating depression but he overcame his injury through positive visualization, and he used that time to write his groundbreaking book, "Jeet Kune Do," says Thomas, one of his biographers.
"He healed himself," Thomas says.
Lee's belief in the power of positive thinking comes through in a letter he wrote to a friend during that shaky period in his life.
He wrote:
"I mean who has the most insecure job than I have? What do I live on? My faith in my ability that I'll make it. Sure my back injury screwed me up good for a year but with every adversity comes a blessing... Look at a rain storm; after its departure everything grows.
Lee's legacy today
Lee eventually broke through. He went to Hong Kong to make a series of films that caught Hollywood's attention. He then returned to Hollywood to make "Enter the Dragon," which became a huge hit.
But Lee never lived long enough to see the culmination of all of his work.
Just days before the American release of "Enter the Dragon," in 1973, Lee died in Hong Kong from an allergic reaction to pain medication he had taken. He was 32. Lee's son, Brandon, who would follow him into the martial arts and film, would later die in 1993 from a freak accident with a prop gun on a movie set.
Lee's friends still miss him. They talk less about his fighting ability and more about what fun he was to be around: his restless questioning, his optimism, his goofy sense of humor and his loyalty to friends.
"He was a very charismatic person," says Palmer, who is now an attorney in Seattle. "He could dominate most situations. You walk into a room and in most cases he would dominating the conversation."
Lee's influence transcends the martial arts, Inosanto says.
"I got letters after he died from people from almost all walks of life, from musicians to skateboarders -- they all said he influenced him," Inosanto says.
Lee's global popularity is matched by only one other person, Inosanto says.
"Muhammad Ali and Bruce Lee are the most recognizable faces in the world," Inosanto says. "I was very lucky to have stumbled onto him. I never had a dull moment with him."
Lee's family is introducing the martial artist to a new generation today.
Lee's widow, Linda Lee Cadwell, and his daughter, Shannon Lee, established the Bruce Lee Foundation "to share the art and philosophy" of Lee. It gives out scholarships to students who embody Lee's passion for learning and provides martial arts training to underprivileged youth.
Lee's legacy is expanding in other ways too. There are now more authors writing not so much about Lee's fighting ability but his resilience as an example to anyone who wants to express their individuality and overcome obstacles in life.
At the foot of Lee's grave site in Seattle is a stone tablet with an inscription that reads: "Your inspiration continues to guide us toward personal liberation."
Lee's legacy is now bigger than any punch he ever threw.
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Opinion |Dance of the synchronized quantum particles – Livemint
Posted: at 11:45 am
Three of our gang, you see, were women. On our second morning, all three found their periods had kicked in. They were so charmed and amused by this that they forgot any possible cramps or migraines. This was, they told us ignorant men, menstrual synchrony" the tendency for women who live together to begin menstruating on the same day every month. In 1971, a psychologist called Martha McClintock studied 180 women in a college dormitory. Menstrual synchrony, she concluded then, was real.
Now, this really didnt apply that weekend in NYC, because these ladies had only spent one day together. Besides, more recent research has questioned McClintocks findings. Even so, those long-ago NYC days came back to me after reading about some even more recent research, at IIT Kanpur. Not about menstruation, but about synchronization, and in the quantum world.
Whats synchronization? Imagine an individual a bird, a pendulum doing a particular motion over and over again. The bird is flapping its wings as it flies, the pendulum is swinging back and forth. Imagine several such individuals near each other, all doing the same motion several birds flying together in a flock, several pendulums swinging while hanging from a beam. When they start out, the birds are flapping to their own individual rhythms, the pendulums going in different directions. But then something beautiful happens: these individual motions synchronize. The birds flap in perfect coordination, so the flock moves as one marvellous whole. The pendulums swing in harmony.
In fact, synchronization was first observed in pendulums. In 1665, the great Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens attached two pendulum clocks to a heavy beam. Soon after, the two pendulums were in lockstep.
Similarly, fireflies are known to break into spontaneous synchrony. When there are just one or a few, they light up at different timesa pleasant enough sight, but nothing to write home about. But there are spots in the coastal mangroves of Malaysia and Indonesia where whole hosts of the little insects congregate every evening and suddenly, synchrony happens. They switch on and off in perfect unison, putting on a light show like none youve seen.
There are, yes, other examples. At a concert, the audience will tend to applaud in sync. The reason we only ever see one side of the Moon is that the orbital and rotational periods of the Moon have, over time, synchronized with the rotation of our Earth. Your heart beats because the thousands of pacemaker" cells it contains pulse in synchrony. Some years ago, a bridge of a new and radical design was built over the Thames in London. When it was opened, people swarmed onto it on foot. It quickly started swaying disconcertingly from side to side enough, in turn, to force the pedestrians to walk in a certain awkward way just to keep their footing. On video, youll see hundreds of people on the bridge, all walking awkwardly but in step.
In his book Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order, the mathematician Steven Strogatz writes: At the heart of the universe is a steady, insistent beat: the sound of cycles in sync. It pervades nature at every scale from the nucleus to the cosmos." He goes on to observe that this tendency for synchronization does not depend on intelligence, or life, or natural selection. It springs from the deepest source of all: the laws of physics". And thats where IIT Kanpur comes in.
In 2018, a team of Swiss researchers looked at the possibility of synchronization at the lower end of that scale that Strogatz mentions, or in some ways even off that end of the scale. Do the most elementary, fundamental particles known to physicists exhibit the same tendency to synchronize as somewhat larger objects such as starlings and pendulums and the moon? Were talking about electrons and neutrons, particles that occupy the so-called quantum" world. Can we get them to synchronize?
They concluded that the smallest quantum particles actually cannot be synchronized. These exhibit a spin"a form of angular momentum, in a sense the degree to which the particle is rotating of 1/2 (half). But there are ways in which such spin-half" particles can combine to form a spin-1" system, and the Swiss team predicted that these combinations are the smallest quantum systems that can be synchronized.
So, a physics research group at IIT Kanpur decided to test this prediction. These are guys, I should tell you, who are thoroughly accustomed to working with atoms: One day in 2016, their professor, Dr Saikat Ghosh, took me into their darkened lab and pointed to a small red glow visible in the middle of their apparatus. Thats a group of atoms," he said with a grin, and then tweaked some settings and the glow dropped out of sight. The point? They are able to manipulate atoms. On another visit, they underlined this particular skill by showing me their work with graphene, a sheet of carbon that is get this one atom thick.
So, after the Swiss prediction, Ghosh and his students took a million atoms of rubidiuma soft, silvery metal and cooled them nearly to whats known as absolute zero", or -273 Celsius. Could they get these atoms to show synchrony?
Lets be clear about what they were dealing with, though. The usual objects that synchronize pendulums, birds are called oscillators" because they are in some regular, rhythmic motion. Strictly, it is that motion of the oscillators that synchronizes. But were dealing here with objects we can see, which means the rules of classical" physics apply. Quantum objects like atoms behave differently. In fact, Ghosh told me that spin-1 atoms are not really oscillating in the same sense as pendulums and starlings in flight. Still, with that caveat in place, there are ways in which we can abstract their motion and treat them as oscillators.
In their experiment, the IIT team shot pulses of light at the group of rubidium atoms. Light is made up of photons, which are like minuscule bundles of energy. When they hit an atom, they flip" its spin. Embodied in that flip is the photons quantum information; in a real way, the photons are actually stored in these flipped atoms. This happens with such precision that you can later flip the atoms back and release the photons, thus retrieving" the stored light. In fact, with this storage and retrieval behaviour, the atoms are like memory cells, and this is part of the mechanism of quantum computing. (See my column from October 2018, Catch a quantum computer and pin it down).
But when the atoms are flipped and they store these photons, something else happens to them. When the light is retrieved, the IIT team found it displays interference fringes" a characteristic pattern of light and shadow (similar in concept to what causes stripes on tigers and zebras, or patterns in the sand on a beach). From this fringe pattern, the scientists can reconstruct the quantum state the atoms were inand voil, theres synchrony.
Did each individual atom synchronize to the light and since all one million atoms did so, is that how they are synchronized with each other as well? Thats to be tested still, but its a good way to think of what happened. Again, take fireflies. In one experiment, a single flashing LED bulb was placed in a forest. When the fireflies appeared, they quickly synchronized to the flashing bulb, and therefore to each other. As Dr Ghosh commented: two fireflies synchronizing is interesting, but an entire forest filled with fireflies lighting up in sync reveals new emergent patterns."
There are implications in all this for, among other things, quantum computing. The IIT teams paper remarks; [The] synchronization of spin-1 systems can provide insights in open quantum systems and find applications in synchronized quantum networks." (Observation of quantum phase synchronization in spin-1 atoms, by Arif Warsi Laskar, Pratik Adhikary, Suprodip Mondal, Parag Katiyar, Sai Vinjanampathy and Saikat Ghosh, published 3 June 2020).
There will be other applications too. But over 350 years after Christiaan Huygens stumbled on classical" synchronization, the IIT team has shown for the first time that this strangely satisfying behaviour happens in the quantum world too. No wonder their paper was chosen recently for special mention in the premier physics journal, Physical Review Letters.
A round of applause for the IIT folks, please. I know it will happen in synchrony.
Once a computer scientist, Dilip DSouza now lives in Mumbai and writes for his dinners. His Twitter handle is @DeathEndsFun
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Opinion |Dance of the synchronized quantum particles - Livemint
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Whats next after coronavirus? (letter to the editor) – SILive.com
Posted: at 11:45 am
It bothers me and lots of Americans, what happened to our great country. I do not know why the current administration is not clearly telling the American people who is responsible for this pandemic.
We only hear that China did all of this.
I was wondering, when all this happened, where was our intelligence community?
The whole world is suffering and people are dying right and left, why isnt there an investigation to find who is responsible for destroying the human race?
People had no experience with this kind of suffering. It is the responsibility of all those countries who have germ warfare labs to completely destroy these machines who are killing people. All these nukes are obsolete.
Now we are entering into a new era. It is in the best interest of all the countries who are making nuclear weapons and these warfare germs to destroy them completely and spend money for the humanity of the world so people can have a better life and clean water to drink.
I am wondering if this coronavirus is a natural disaster or an economic or political game among superpowers. I guess we will never know, as up until now we do not know who killed John F. Kennedy, who did 9/11 and who is doing this corona. I guess we have to live with these conspiracy theories. If this virus is doing human to human transmission, I hope the next virus after corona will not be airborne.
All these economic disasters have to be investigated, and those people or countries responsible should be punished to the fullest extent, so we can all live a normal life.
(Dr. Mohammad Khalid is a Todt Hill resident.)
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Whats next after coronavirus? (letter to the editor) - SILive.com
Posted in Germ Warfare
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Did America Use Bioweapons in Korea? Nicholson Baker Tried to Find Out – The New York Times
Posted: at 11:45 am
To my nonscientists eye. Similar caveats we may never have incontrovertible proof, its remotely possible, though perhaps eternally unprovable, we may never know, its at least possible, will we ever know?, let me just blurt out what I think happened, etc. infest Bakers narrative, usually preceded or followed by wild accusations (and, occasionally, by a sign of self-awareness: I lay in bed some of today reading more of this book, hating it, excited by it, embarrassed by it).
At times, the book is framed as a deliberate challenge to the intelligence community: I could be completely wrong. The only way to prove me wrong is by declassifying the entire document. But this is not how a historian proceeds. Again and again, Baker bristles with anger over actions that were seriously contemplated by the C.I.A., other intelligence agencies and the military but never undertaken. I felt trembly and disgusted at the same time, he writes of Operation Sphinx, a proposal to gas millions of Japanese from the air during World War II. Its a horrible and disillusioning thing to know that your own country was passing around a paper like Sphinx in the Pentagon. Really? To know that in a brutal war men thought brutal things?
At another point, he questions the long, interesting, confusing letter he got from Floyd ONeal, one of some 30 captured American airmen and Marines who confessed to germ-warfare bombing in Korea. ONeals confession is surprising and moving, though, whether or not its true, Baker tells us. ONeal recanted completely after he was released, and writes in his letter of sustaining torture so awful he still wont describe it to Baker more than 50 years later: What they did for the next days I dont care to discuss but I finally agreed to sign their confession. There is nothing surprising or moving about a coerced confession, save for ONeals ability to endure the price it exacted.
Baker concedes that Americans individually have done good things, a gesture followed by a banal list that includes sunglasses, topiary, no-hitters and the midcentury New Yorker. Yes, and also little baby ducks and old pickup trucks. This is another affectation of virtue, not a moral argument.
I share Bakers disgust with all the crazy, wasteful, illegal, counterproductive and murderous things the C.I.A. has done, and no doubt continues to do. Hell, I even like dogs. Bakers Olympian worldview, though, takes him to almost the same place he landed in Human Smoke, his paste-up 2008 history of the road to World War II: immobilized by purity and concluding that we should never have intervened, even to stop the Nazis. Americans are neither beasts nor angels, just human beings trying to forge our way through the murky moral choices this world poses. To pretend otherwise is perhaps the worst deception of all.
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Did America Use Bioweapons in Korea? Nicholson Baker Tried to Find Out - The New York Times
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The Politics of Pandemics – NewsClick
Posted: at 11:45 am
Representational image. | Image Courtesy: UZreport.uz
When we think of epidemics, smallpox comes to mind, but we remember it as a disease which was successfully eradicated by a vaccine; but it was also a virus used as a weapon for biological warfare 33 years before the vaccine was invented.
In India, we have grown up listening to stories of dreaded diseases and every family has a memory of some epidemic or the other. The most dreaded was the smallpox, a disease for which the only cure seemed to be desperate prayers to Sheetla Mata, the goddess of smallpox'.
Smallpox was one of the deadliest diseases known to humans and it affected people around the globe. But the history of smallpox holds a unique place in the history of medical sciences; it is the only human disease to have been eradicated by vaccination.
The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine to be developed. It was introduced by Edward Jenner (1749-1823. He observed that milkmaids, who previously had caught cowpox, did not catch smallpox.
The global eradication effort initially used a strategy of mass vaccination campaigns to achieve 80% vaccine coverage in each country, and thereafter by case-finding, followed by ring vaccination of all known and possible contacts to seal off the outbreak from the rest of the population.
The vaccine was discovered in 1796 and in 1980 the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced that the disease had been successfully eradicated from the world.
While so much effort had gone into the eradication of the dreaded disease, there were some people who saw the smallpox as a weapon for war; a weapon to defeat their enemies. In other words, smallpox was used as a biological weapon.
Sir Jeffrey Amherst, the commander of the British forces in North America, deliberately used smallpox to diminish the native American population hostile to the British. An outbreak of smallpox in Fort Pitt provided Amherst with the means to execute his plan. On June 24, 1763, Captain Ecuyer, one of Amhersts subordinate officers, gifted the Native Americans with smallpox-infected blankets from the smallpox hospital. He recorded in his journal: I hope it will have the desired effect. As a result, a large outbreak of smallpox occurred among the Native American tribes in the Ohio River Valley.
This was not the first use of a biological weapon in history and unfortunately not the last.
Biological warfare (BW)also known as germ warfarehas been defined as the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. The use of biological weapons is prohibited under customary international humanitarian law, as well as several international treaties. The use of biological agents in armed conflict is a war crime.
Biological warfare was banned by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). The Convention was the result of prolonged efforts by the international community to establish a new instrument that would supplement the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which prohibits the use but not possession or development of chemical and biological weapons.
The same year the Convention was passed by the United Nations, a young scientist-turned-journalist by the name of Dr K S Jayaraman (born 1936) read about some strange experiments on mosquito control being conducted in villages outside Delhi.
When Jayaraman contacted Rajendra Pal in WHO about the project since the international organisation was associated with it, he was told that there were orders from the WHO Director-General not to discuss the project with the Indian press. Dr. Pal showed Jayaraman a confidential letter addressed to Mr. Willard at WHO regional office in Delhi which said the project is considered sensitive to the Indian Press.
Jayaraman left the room, telling Dr. Pal that under these conditions, he could only write what he knew and the WHO Director-Generals injunction to keep Genetic Control Mosquito Unit (GCMU) out of the Indian press.
At this point Dr. Pal invited the correspondent back again and agreed to an interview. The interview ended with the first question of Jayaraman, namely, the reason why GCMU was studying yellow fever mosquitoes instead of malarial mosquitoes. As everyone knows, India does not have yellow fever.
Jayaraman was the science correspondent for the Press Trust of India, which was headed at the time by the formidable C Raghavan. I remember clearly that Raghavan had come to see my father, who had just retired from the Prime Ministers Office, to tell him about these experiments.
A Google search revealed that the New Scientist of October 9, 1975, carried a news report with a headline: Germ War allegations force WHO out of Indian mosquito project
The report stated: The PAC report declares that the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Research Unit (GCMRU) project has been ill conceived and is of no utility whatsoever to India. It does, however, have a vital and direct bearing on biological warfare or is likely that the ultimate and only beneficiary of the GLMO experiment is the US machine.
However, the original PAC reports cannot be found on the internet so I wrote to Raghavan, now more than 90 years old, to ask whether my memory was right and he had indeed told my father about these bizarre experiments.
We did some extensive investigations - the PTI Science Correspondent, K.S.Jayaraman, and I - and did an expose of several foreign-funded "research" activities in India, most US-funded (PL-480 funds), and with some military significance, including biological warfare. We were denounced in Parliament by Health Minister Karan Singh, but inquiries by two Public Accounts Committees, vindicated us. I am attaching summary of their findings.
The PAC report is very lengthy but the first paragraph of the Conclusions shows how extensive were the experiments which were being conducted and how many institutions were involved in the projects under the auspices of the WHO.
7.1.1. The examination by the Committee of some of the research projects in the country conducted in collaboration with foreign organisations raise a number of interesting questions. The Committee find that the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Unit Project, the bird migration and arbovirus studies at the Bombay Natural History Society, the Ultra Low Volume Spray experiments for Urban malaria control at Jodhpur, the Pantnagar Microbial Pesticides Project and some of the research projects undertaken in West Bengal and Nargwal in collaboration with the John Hopkins University establish beyond doubt a definite pattern. This is that agencies of foreign governments, in some cases explicitly military agencies of those governments (as in the case of the collaboration between the Bombay Natural History Society and the Miugratory Animal Pathological Survey - MAPS - of the United States Armed Forces Institute of Pathology have been conducting basic research through Indian scientists and Indian scientific organisations.
Even in cases where such research is carried out in collaboration with philanthropic civilian organisations from abroad, the Committee find that some of these civilian organisations also have active liaison and communication at several levels with military agencies. No doubt, some of these research programmes have been shown as developmental or basic research. These projects, however, have been closely concerned with the collection of vital viral, epidemiological or ecological data, which are well capable of being used against the security of the country and that of our neighbouring countries.
The utility of some of these projects to India, especially the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Unit project seems to be only doubtful or potential, whereas the primary data obtained from these projects are likely to be of vital importance to foreign governments interested in developing techniques of chemical, biological, bacteriological, herbicdal and anti-subversive warfare.
These revelations exposed the Ministry of Healths complicity in these projects. The Minister of Health at the time was Karan Singh.
Among the documents Raghavan sent to me was a letter from Jyotirmoy Basu (CPI(M) Member of Parliament) to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi which was an annexure to the PAC report.
Letter from PAC Chairman, Jyotirmoy Basu, to Prime Minister of India, vide para 2 above (PAC167-p225)
New Delhi, 31st January, 1975
Dear Mrs. Gandhi
The G.C.M.U. Programme has given rise to serious suspicion in my mind. I have tried to collect information from various unconnected sources and I have come to the conclusion that this programme has been financed by P.L.480 for execution through WHO and is primarily meant for the three things mentioned below:
(1) To carry on certain experiments in India which are harmful to the population and which are not allowed to be done in their own country i.e. U.S.A.
(2) They are experimenting and keeping things in readiness in case the U.S.A. Government ever wanted to wage a chemical, bacteriological or virus warfare against this country.
(3) To prepare themselves to wage a chemical, bacteriological or virus warfare against another country keeping India as base.
The agreement between P.L.480 Fund Administrator and W.H.O. has expired on 31 December 1974. In spite of that this is continuing and out of these experiments all the results and findings will be the property of U.S. Government. To make sure that this does not progress any more, I am writing this because I am very apprehensive of this programme and I am doing in the best interests of the country and the people.
I earnestly suggest that a thorough probe should be done by the most competent Intelligence Agency at your command.
Yours sincerely,
(Jyotirmoy Basu)
Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Prime Minister of India
New Delhi.
Because of the timely intervention and persistence of several journalists, including Raghavan and Jayaraman, the projects were wound up. But research in biological warfare, no doubt, continues and the threat it poses is greater today than it was in 1975.
There have been many conspiracy theories suggesting that the novel coronavirus is linked to biological warfare. There are many conspiracy theories, some even link US tech magnate Bill Gates to having an interest in the spread of the virus. A briefing prepared for the European Parliament in April 2020 alleged that Russia and China are driving parallel information campaigns, conveying the overall message that democratic state actors are failing and that European citizens cannot trust their health systems.... to undermine democratic debate.
The report comes as Hungary an EU member state faces criticism for preparing a national survey that includes a question on a coronavirus crisis proposal by investor George Soros that experts say will force nations into debt slavery.
In the national consultation due to be mailed to all Hungarian citizens, the government asks whether people should reject George Soross plan, which would in-debt our homeland for an unforeseeable long time.
According to Rasem 'Abidat, an activist of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and a columnist for the Palestinian daily, Al-Quds, based in East Jerusalem, the coronavirus is a biological weapon that the US and Israel decided to employ against China and Iran after failing to harm them by conventional means.
At this stage we do not know if any of these claims have any truth. But we do know that it is a pathogen dispersed globally though free trade and international travel. But this we do know that even if the pandemics effect on the world isnt a conventional attack on government targets or the military, its a widespread and indiscriminate attack on global citizens and the economy. This outbreak has directly impacted the lives of billions of people, making it the most effective model for future terrorist activities and a new model for circumventing the conventions of modern warfare.
Governments across the globe are using the pandemic to lower labour standards, wipe out human rights of millions of people and mobilising fear to equip themselves with powers of control and surveillance over entire population. The vaccine, when it comes, will have no way to protect us against the authoritarian measures put in place by democratic governments.
Nandita Haksaris a human rights lawyer, teacher, campaigner and writer. The views are personal.
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Ed Hardin: Get ready to face that football isn’t happening this fall – Roanoke Times
Posted: at 11:45 am
What about this are we missing?
Does anyone in his right mind think were going to unleash our children upon each other in two-hour contests of germ warfare? Were going to let high school and college students slam into each other in a toxic cocktail of sweat, blood and spit and pretend its safe?
Stop it. Its not happening. Were better than this.
In Missouri, where parents and youth coaches have thrown their kids back onto playing fields, health officials now say a rise in coronavirus cases among youth aged 10 to 19 is the primary source of COVID-19 spreading into the community.
Colleges from Chapel Hill to Clemson to Alabama and yes, LSU, are reporting shocking numbers of positive cases among football players. And at fraternities across the South and in college bars across the country, outbreaks are being reported every day.
All this before the students even return to campus.
We seem frozen by an inability to do the right thing.
Its time the adults started acting like adults.
The NFL seems hell-bent on its players playing the role of guinea pigs if not lemmings, willing to die if not kill, to play football. We know what thats about, and it has nothing to do with the health and welfare of the workers.
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Ed Hardin: Get ready to face that football isn't happening this fall - Roanoke Times
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Stranger than fiction: Did the CIA conduct secret mosquito experiments in India in the 1970s? – Scroll.in
Posted: at 11:45 am
In an era of post-truth and scepticism about information, especially on social media, I have been taken aback to realise how many people believe the Bill Gates microchip conspiracy theory. Fanned by people who oppose vaccinations, the theory maintains that the coronavirus pandemic is part of a plan to implant trackable microchips in humans and that the Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is behind it.
The claim was widespread enough for the BBC to do an article to debunk it. It quoted the the head of the Russian Communist party, who, without mentioning Gates, said that globalists supported a covert mass chip implantation which they may in time resort to under the pretext of a mandatory vaccination against coronavirus.
The BBC failed to ask the Russian Communist Party head on what basis he had made his outlandish claims. After all, the Cold War has not quite ended and Russian claims can be dismissed just as easily as the claims made by Soviet Union in the Cold War era.
In his book in 1995, Vasili Mitrokhin, the Soviet spy who defected to Britain with volumes of secrets, said that the greatest successes of the Soviet Unions measures in India was the impact of bogus conspiracies attributed to the Central Intelligence Agency planted by the KGB.
Among them was a story about the United States being responsible for the Aids virus. It was first published in the Patriot, a leftist daily, in early 1980s and then spread around the world.
India under Indira Gandhi was also probably the arena for more KGB-active measures than anywhere else in the world, Mitrokhin said.
But not all such conspiracy stories could be dismissed so easily. There were other stories that proved to be true and terrifying. Listening recently to videos of the controversial Indian-American figure Shiva Ayyadurai pushing the conspiracy theory that the coronavirus was being spread by Americas deep state, I remember the day I heard of a strange experiment with mosquitoes being carried out by the Americans in India.
I did not know how to contact him. But to my utter amazement I suddenly received an email from him, more than 40 years since we had met. Raghavan had written to congratulate me on an article I had written. He was now over 90. On impulse I asked him whether my memory of the story about yellow fever was true. He replied promptly.
I was sitting in my fathers study sometime in 1974. My father, a bureaucrat, was secretary to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi at the time. The study was air-conditioned and lined with books. It was in this room that I heard many stories of covert operations. That day, a young journalist came by and told my father of a strange experiment with mosquitoes being conducted right near Palam airport, as Delhi airport was then called.
The man said it was an experiment on yellow fever. But we dont have yellow fever in India, my father had exclaimed. The journalist said that this was exactly his point. He claimed it was a part of a biological warfare experiment. We all sat in shocked silence.
The journalists name is Chakravarti Raghavan and he went on to become the head of the Press Trust of India.
During the Emergency, he opposed the measures taken by Indira Gandhi and he left India. A Google search showed that he had been living in Geneva since 1978 and was editor emeritus of the South-North Development Monitor, covering trade, finance and development issues.
Raghavan had a solid reputation. Journalist Chitra Subramaniam described him in these words: Chakravarti Raghavan is to trade and development issues what Amitabh Bachchan is to world of Indian cinema god.
We did some extensive investigations the PTI Science Correspondent KS Jayaraman and I and did an expose of several foreign-funded research activities in India, most US-funded...and with some military significance, including biological warfare, Raghavan wrote. We were denounced in Parliament by Health Minister Karan Singh, but inquiries by two Public Accounts Committees, vindicated us. I am attaching a summary of their findings.
Raghavan said that he and his colleague started digging into the story when my father was working at the Prime Ministers Office and Ashok Parthasarathy was the scientific advisor. He said that my father asked the Intelligence Bureau, the Research and Analysis Wing and Military Intelligence to meet with him and Jayaraman.
By the time Raghavan wrote the story, my father was out of the Prime Ministers Office, at the Planning Commission. ...Sanjay [Gandhi] and Gang were in control, with the US and its CIA local boss Kreisberg close to Sanjay, Raghanan wrote. We stuck to our guns; and though Indira was angry with me, she still did act, and ultimately the projects were wound up.
Raghavan said that he was now too old to keep at the story. Jayaraman was planning to put some of the past material together and get it all published, he said. But he himself, after some heart problems, has had to go slow.
He also gave me contact details of the persons concerned; perhaps thinking I would follow up the story. But I am not so young either and no longer an aspiring journalist. Despite this, I felt we, as a country needed to be reminded of it. But I needed to confirm the story from another reliable source.
A Google search revealed that the New Scientist of October 9, 1975, carried a news report with a headline: Germ War allegations force WHO out of Indian mosquito project. The report said, The PAC [Public Accounts Committee] report declares that the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Research Unit [GCMRU] project has been ill conceived and is of no utility whatsoever to India. It does, however, have a vital and direct bearing on biological warfare or is likely that the ultimate and only beneficiary of the GLMO experiment is the US machine.
And then, quite by accident, I discovered a slim volume, Raising Hackles, edited by Dinesh C Sharma published in April 2020. The book celebrates Jayaraman as a pioneering science journalist rather than documenting his actual investigation. But it is a valuable contribution nonetheless.
The Public Accounts Committee report from 1975 is too long to reproduce but the first section in the summary brings out the extent of the involvement of scientists and scientific institutions involved in this diabolical project:
7.1.1. The examination by the Committee of some of the research projects in the country conducted in collaboration with foreign organisations raise a number of interesting questions.
The Committee find that the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Unit Project, the bird migration and arbovirus studies at the Bombay Natural History Society, the Ultra Low Volume Spray experiments for Urban malaria control at Jodhpur, the Pantnagar Microbial Pesticides Project and some of the research projects undertaken in West Bengal and Nargwal in collaboration with the John Hopkins University establish beyond doubt a definite pattern.
This is that agencies of foreign governments, in some cases explicitly military agencies of those governments (as in the case of the collaboration between the Bombay Natural History Society and the Migratory Animal Pathological Survey MAPS of the United States Armed Forces Institute of Pathology have been conducting basic research through Indian scientists and Indian scientific organisations.
Even in cases where such research is carried out in collaboration with philanthropic civilian organisations from abroad, the Committee find that some of these civilian organisations also have active liaison and communication at several levels with military agencies. No doubt, some of these research programmes have been shown as developmental or basic research.
These projects, however, have been closely concerned with the collection of vital viral, epidemiological or ecological data, which are well capable of being used against the security of the country and that of our neighbouring countries.
The utility of some of these projects to India, especially the Genetic Control of Mosquitoes Unit project, seems to be only doubtful or potential, whereas the primary data obtained from these projects are likely to be of vital importance to foreign governments interested in developing techniques of chemical, biological, bacteriological, herbicdal and anti-subversive warfare.
There is a paragraph on the experiment being carried out in Delhi:
7.1.20. The selection of Delhi for field studies on Culex Fatigans is also shrouded in mystery. The Committee finds from the comments of the then Director, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, furnished in 1968, on the WHO proposal of the GCMU project that the Director had observed that the criteria for the selection of Delhi area are not known.
Reading about the coronavirus conspiracy theories reminded me of the mosquito experiment. At this time, those who believe in conspiracy theories turn to quacks and others become gullible victims of conmen offering ancient cures.
Many scientists and scientific institutions are compromised by politics of profits. We must continuously expose these vested interests without giving up on the gains of modern science and what it has to offer by way of cures and containment of coronavirus and indeed many other diseases.
It is a battle between politics for profits and politics for the people; not a battle between science and religion.
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End of the world: Conspiracy theorists say Doomsday and WW3 is COMING – claim – Daily Express
Posted: at 11:45 am
Doomsdayers are back on the end of the world prophecy, after analysing signs of the Bible. Some conspiracy theorists are saying the signs of the end times were written in the Bible, and now they are coming to fruition.
Once such sign is the emergence of a global pandemic like coronavirus, which would threaten all life, which Christian website End Times Truth says was spoken of in the Bible.
End Times said: The prophets saw a time of tremendous upheaval and destruction just before the end of this age.
"Some of them predicted that fire would consume all the works of man, while others said it would be a time of thick clouds and darkness.
"Jesus predicted that immediately before He returns the world would experience a time of trouble unparalleled in history where all life would be threatened.
Another sign which is spoken of is a world war, with End Times Truth predicting a likely war which will end in Israel, where Armageddon will take place.
The website said: "The prophets saw a time of tremendous upheaval and destruction just before the end of this age.
"Some of them predicted that fire would consume all the works of man, while others said it would be a time of thick clouds and darkness.
"Jesus predicted that immediately before He returns the world would experience a time of trouble unparalleled in history where all life would be threatened.
"In the Bible, this time is called the Great Tribulation. The prophets predicted that it would start with a war in the Middle East and lead to a global battle.
READ MORE:End of the world: Religions merging a sign of the coming Antichrist
"People today call this World War III, and it ends with a frightening nuclear exchange, which will devastate the world."
Ultimate, the End Times Truth says the end is very near, although there is little - or no - evidence this is the case.
The website said: "The recent fulfilment of End Times Biblical prophecy proves that we are now living in the Last Days.
"Predictions made thousands of years ago are coming true in our generation as never before. This means that the Return of Christ is drawing near, and there is not much time left before judgement comes.
"The current world system of evil is about to end in a fiery conflagration, and a spectacular new world of peace will be set up in its place by the Lord himself."
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End of the world: Conspiracy theorists say Doomsday and WW3 is COMING - claim - Daily Express
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WW3 warning: Japan planning rapid increase in armed forces to combat China’s aggression – Daily Express
Posted: at 11:45 am
Tokyo revealed it is considering a huge increase to its defence capabilities as it accused China of pushing territorial claims amid growing tensions in the region. The East Asia nation released its annual defence review, where said Beijing has been pushing its territorial claims amid the coronavirus pandemic.
The nation said it suspected China of spreading propaganda and disinformation as it provides medical aid to nations fighting COVID-19.
In a defence white paper approved by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government, Japan said China "is continuing to attempt to alter the status quo in the East China Sea and the South China Sea.
The white paper said: Japan must strengthen its defence capability at speeds that are fundamentally different from the past.
China has relentlessly continued unilateral attempts to change the status quo by coercion in the sea area around the Senkaku islands, leading to a grave matter of concern.
The white paper described "relentless" intrusions in waters around a group of islets claimed by both nations in the East China Sea, known as the Senkaku in Japan and the Diaoyu in China.
In the South China Sea, Japan said Beijing was asserting territorial claims by establishing administrative districts around disputed islands, that forced countries distracted by the coronavirus outbreak to respond.
READ MORE:China backlash: Beijing ready to PUNISH Boris Johnson
Japan sees China as a longer-term and more serious threat than nuclear-armed North Korea.
Beijing now spends four times as much as Tokyo on defence as it builds a large modern military.
Japan's defence review also claimed China appeared to be responsible for "propaganda" and "disinformation" amid "social uncertainties and confusion" caused by the coronavirus outbreak.
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Such disinformation included online claims that the coronavirus was brought to China by a US military member, or that Chinese herbal remedies could treat COVID-19, a defence ministry official said at a briefing.
Other threats faced by Japan include North Korea's ongoing development of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles as well as a resurgence of military activity by Russia in the skies and waters in Japan, at times in joint drills with China, the defence review said.
China and Japan have historically had a difficult relationship.
However, in 2018, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged to deepen cooperation.
Mr Abe said: As major economic powers of the region, China and Japan should take the responsibility to play constructive roles in safeguarding peace, stability, development and prosperity of the region and the world.
The two met on the sidelines of the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok.
Japan's attack against China echoes similar criticisms made by the US and comes as tension in the region increases as Beijing and Washington conduct separate military drills in the resource-rich South China Sea and as relations between the world's two largest economies deteriorated.
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Monday rejected China's disputed claims to offshore resources in most of the South China Sea, saying they were "completely unlawful".
Beijing insists its intentions in the waterway, through which around $3trillion of global trade passes each year, are peaceful.
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James Bond movies in order of release from Dr. No to No Time To Die – The Sun
Posted: at 11:45 am
NO Time To Die marks the 25th James Bond film in the franchise.
We have put together the comprehensive chronological list of Bond movies so you know what order to binge-watch them in. Why not? You only live twice.
26
26
Dr. No is the first-ever Bond movie, based on the Ian Fleming book of the same name.
It introduces Sean Connery in the iconic role.
James Bondis sent toJamaicato investigate the disappearance of a fellow British agent. He finds the underground base ofDr No, who is plotting to disrupt an American space launch with a radio beam weapon.
26
Seeking revenge againstJames Bondfor defeating their agentDr. No,international criminal organisationSPECTREassigns Irish assassin Donald "Red" Grant to kill him.
The sequel had a much larger budget than Dr No, which can be seen in its array of exotic filming locations.
26
Goldfinger is arguably the most iconic Bond theme song, sung by the legend Shirley Bassey.
After destroying adrug laboratoryinLatin America,James Bond travels toMiami for a vacation. He receives instructions from Mto observe bullion dealerAuric Goldfinger and his manservant Oddball.
26
James must save the world from the one-eyed evil mastermind Emilio Largo.
The terrorist group SPECTRE hijacks two warheads from a NATO plane and threatens widespread nuclear destruction to extort 100 million pounds.
26
James Bond is sent to investigate the hijacked NASA spacecraft, Jupiter 16.
The Americans think that the Russians are involved in the hijacking, but the British believe that the Japanese are somehow behind it.
26
Bond, now played by George Lazenby, and Tracy Di Vicenzo team up to take down SPECTRE in the Swiss Alps.
Blofeld is putting together a germ warfare plot that could kill millions.
26
Sean Connery reprised his role as James Bond after refusing to star in On Her Majesty's Secret Service.
James Bond infiltrates a Las Vegas diamond-smuggling ring in a bid to foil a plot to target Washington with a laser in space.
26
Roger Moore takes on the role as agent 007 for Live and Let Die.
Bond investigates the murders of three fellow agents.
James has a bounty put on him and has to fight off many trained assassins as he closes in on powerful Kananga, who is making his fortune selling heroine.
26
Bond searches for a stolen invention that can turn the sun's heat into a destructive weapon.
He crosses paths with hitman Francisco Scaramanga whose weapon of choice is (you guessed it) a golden gun.
26
Bond unites with sexy Russian agent Anya Amasova to defeat shipping magnate Karl Stromberg and his right-hand man Jaws, who are threatening to destroy New York City with nuclear weapons.
26
The eleventh Bond instalment takes the agent to Venice, Rio De Janeiro and outer space.
When Bond investigates the hijacking of an American space shuttle, he soon comes up against Hugo Drax, an industrialist who plots to destroy all human lif on earth.
26
James Bond is sent to recover a strategic communications device before it finds its way into the hands of the Russians. Roger Moore on set with Carole Bouquet
The secret device that controls Britain's Polaris submarines goes missing after the spy ship carrying it sinks.
26
James Bond is assigned to solve the murder of agent 009, killed in East Germany clutching a fake Faberg egg.
The trail leads to India, where an enigmatic woman operates a smuggling ring under the cover of a travelling circus.
26
After recovering a microchip from the body of a deceased colleague in Russia, James Bond discovers that the technology has the potential to kill.
Investigating further, Bond is led to Max Zorin, the head of Zorin Industries and his bodyguard May Day.
26
Timothy Dalton takes on the iconic role in The Living Daylights
James Bond helps KGB officer Georgi Koskov defect from Russia.
During his debriefing, Koskov reveals that a policy of assassinating defectors has been instated. As Bond explores this threat, a counterplot surfaces, involving a shady American arms dealer.
26
James Bond disobeys his orders and goes on a mission of revenge when his best friend's wife is killed by a drug baron.
A CIA pilot flies him to Sanchez's South American headquarters where disguised as a hitman, Bond is hired by the villainous drug dealer.
26
GoldenEye is Pierce Brosnan's first Bond movie.
James Bond must defeat a former ally-turned-enemy Alec Trevelyan AKA Agent 006 when a powerful satellite system falls into his hands.
26
Media mogul Elliot Carver wants his news empire to reach every country on the globe, but the Chinese government will not allow him to broadcast there.
Carver doesn't take no for an answer and plans to use his media empire to fuel flames of war between the Western world and China.
26
Bond must race to defuse an international power struggle with the world's oil supply hanging in the balance, with the help of nuclear weapons expert Dr. Christmas Jones.
He must battle Renard, who has a bullet lodged in his brain rendering him unable to feel pain.
26
James Bond is captured by North Korean agents. Once he's finally released, he is convinced that someone in his own agency betrayed him. Bond travels to Cuba, hot on the heels of Zao, the agent who put Bond behind bars.
Meanwhile, he uncovers a scheme concocted by Zao and British millionaire Graves, involving a highly destructive laser.
26
James Bond heads to Madagascar, where he uncovers a link to Le Chiffre, a man who finances terrorist organizations.
Learning that Le Chiffre plans to raise money in a high-stakes poker game, MI6 sends Bond to play against him.
26
Following the death of Vesper Lynd, James Bond makes his next mission personal. The hunt for those who blackmailed his lover leads him to ruthless businessman Dominic Greene, a key player in the organization which coerced Vesper.
Bond learns that Greene is plotting to gain total control of a vital natural resource.
26
Undercover agents around the world are exposed, and MI6 is attacked, forcing M to relocate the agency. With MI6 now compromised inside and out, M can only trust Bond, whose previous mission had gone horribly wrong.
Bond follows a trail to Silva, a man from M's past who wants to settle an old score.
26
James Bond travels to Mexico City and Rome. After infiltrating a secret meeting, 007 uncovers the existence of the sinister organisation SPECTRE.
As Bond ventures toward the heart of SPECTRE, he discovers a chilling connection between himself and his enemy.
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26
No Time To Die comes out later this year.
The plot summary reads: "Recruited to rescue a kidnapped scientist, globe-trotting spy James Bond finds himself hot on the trail of a mysterious villain, who's armed with a dangerous new technology."
Continued here:
James Bond movies in order of release from Dr. No to No Time To Die - The Sun
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