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Monthly Archives: July 2020
Tagore’s Gora to Krishnamurthy’s Ponniyin Selvan: Add these regional language books to your reading list – India Today
Posted: July 21, 2020 at 11:47 am
There is nothing as fascinating as Indian literature. While Paulo Coelho, Khaled Hosseini and Ayn Rand's works interest almost every other bookworm, novels written by Indian authors are arresting enough and depict love, longing and loss apart from social issues just as well. Sometimes, even better.
From Urdu and Kannada to Bengali and Malayalam, India is replete with authors who represented the diversity and culture of the country through their words in their novels. Not to forget, most Indian authors also narrated the plight of their women protagonists in stories apart from underscoring the nuances of relationships.
For example, Karutthamma and Pareekkutty's long lost love story in Malayalam author TS Pillai's Chemmeen. As for those who fancy detective novels, you always have Feluda to go back to. Rabindranath Tagore's Gora is a beautiful love story with some burning topics (relevant even today) thrown in, while Kalki Krishnamurthy's Ponniyin Selvan is a historical saga that you might indulge in if you prefer reading stories of old dynasties and empires.
Most of the books written by acclaimed regional authors are available in English translated versions. In this article, we list the best regional novels that you must pick up in quarantine to soothe your soul.
Here you go.
Umrao Jan Ada
Umrao Jan Ada
Written by Mirza Hadi Ruswa and first published in 1899, Umrao Jan Ada is often considered as the first Urdu novel. Journey through the old, archaic Lucknow in Umrao Jan Ada as Ruswa takes you through the palaces of the nawabs and the grandiose atmosphere. Umrao Jan Ada is the story of a courtesan in Lucknow. Her life wasn't easy as Umrao, born as Amiran, was kidnapped and subsequently sold to Khanum Jaan, the head of a kotha. Throughout her years in the kotha, Umrao learns classical poetry, music, dance, Urdu and Persian. Happiness and tragedy follow Umrao simultaneously as her life has been detailed meticulously in this novel that is definitely worth a read. Khushwant Singh and MA Husaini translated the novel from Urdu to English.
The Adventures of Feluda
The Adventures of Feluda
15 or 60. Age is just a number as far as Feluda is concerned because his adventures appeal to readers at any given point of time. Prodosh Chandra Mitter, fondly known as Feluda, is a fictional Bengali private investigator, created by the legendary author Satyajit Ray. Accompanied by his cousin Topshe and the joyous crime writer Lalmohan Ganguly or Jatayu, Feluda traverses cities including Jaisalmer and Shimla to untangle mysteries. Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress) and Joi Baba Felunath (The Mystery of the Elephant God) are some of the acclaimed Feluda stories that Satyajit Ray wrote. While separate novels of Feluda stories are available in English, you may also read several volumes of The Complete Adventures of Feluda, translated to English from Bengali by Gopa Majumdar.
Prothom Protishruti
The First Promise
Bengali author Ashapurna Debi weaved magic with her women protagonists as she described their predicament and sorrow in every short story. Prothom Protishruti, translated to English as The First Promise by Indira Chowdhury, is a path breaking novel by Ashapurna Debi. Eight-year-old Satyabati, a child bride, is the heroine of the novel. Ashapurna Debi narrates Satyabati's struggle as she fights against family control and social prejudices in a patriarchal society. Prothom Protishruti also won the Rabindra Puraskar and the Jnanpith Award.
Chemmeen
Chemmeen
TS Pillai's Malayalam novel Chemmeen documents the story of Karutthamma, a Hindu woman of the fishermen community and Pareekkutty, a Muslim man. Owing to the norms of the society, Karutthamma is subject to scrutiny after her community members discover her affair with Pareekkutty. Soon after, Karutthamma is married off to Palani, who trusts his wife irrespective of being aware of her past. All is well until one night, Karutthamma meets Pareekkutty while Palani is at the sea. Will she betray Palani after her encounter with her past? Chemmeen, translated from Malayalam to English by Anita Nair, is a beautiful story of love and everything else that surrounds it.
Bharathipura
Bharathipura
Written by UR Ananthamurthy in Kannada, Bharathipura is based on the practice of untouchability and the caste system in India. Jagannatha, the protagonist of the story, is an 'enlightened' modern Indian. All hell breaks loose after Jagannatha makes an attempt to take 'untouchables' inside the Manjunatha temple. Translated to English from Kannada by Susheela Punitha, Bharathipura highlights the complications related to social justice in India.
Godan
Godan
Premchand, celebrated for his modern Hindustani literature, is an acclaimed author best known for his novels such as Godaan, Mansarovar and Idgah. Books apart, Premchand has also written several short stories such as Do Bailon Ki Katha, Kafan and Boodhi Kaaki. Through his stories, Premchand highlighted the issues that the poor and the urban class battled as he wrote about corruption, poverty and colonialism. In Godan, Premchand writes about the story of "peasant India" as he narrates the plight of the hungry and impoverished sections of society. Poverty does not bring them down because their optimism and hopeful attitude keeps them alive. The novel has been translated to English as The Gift of a Cow by Jai Ratan and P Lal.
Devdas
Devdas
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's Devdas is every romantic novel lover's favourite. It is based on the tragic love story of Paro, Devdas and Chandramukhi. Devdas and Paro are childhood friends but are separated after he leaves for his studies. After several years, Dev returns and falls in love with Paro. But tragedy strikes after altercations arise between both the families and Paro is married off to a zamindar. Devdas, heartbroken, finds solace in a courtesan, Chandramukhi, who eventually falls for him. Devdas, however, suffers for Paro and takes to alcohol. The story ends with a cataclysmic conclusion as Devdas dies at Paro's doorstep.
Gora
Set in Calcutta (now Kolkata), in the 1880s during the British Raj, Rabindranath Tagore's Gora is a classic. It is based on two parallel love stories of Gora and Sucharita, and Binoy and Lolita in the backdrop of politics, society and religion. Gora was translated into English by WW Pearson in 1924.
Ajeeb Aadmi
A Very Strange Man
Ismat Chughtai, an acclaimed author, wrote books on themes of feminism and class conflict. She wrote Ajeeb Aadmi in the early 1970s and based the story on two fictional characters - Dharam Dev, a famous personality from the Hindi film industry in Bombay and his extramarital affair with an actress, Zareen Jamal. Ajeeb Aadmi was translated from Urdu to English by Tahira Naqvi.
Ponniyin Selvan
Set in Tamil Nadu in the tenth century, Ponniyin Selvan is a historical Tamil novel by Kalki Krishnamurthy. It narrates the story of Arulmozhivarman, who later became the great Chola emperor Rajaraja Chola I. Translated to English by Pavithra Srinivasan, Fresh Floods is the first part of the five volumes of Ponniyin Selvan.
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When MGM and the FBI Chased ‘The Father of the Atomic Bomb’ – WhoWhatWhy
Posted: at 11:47 am
Reading Time: 7 minutes
Published this month, The Beginning or the End: How Hollywood and America Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, reveals how the White House and the military in 1946 sabotaged a long-forgotten MGM movie. That film, also titled The Beginning or the End, was inspired by a letter to actress Donna Reed from her high school chemistry teacher, who later toiled at the secret Manhattan Project site in Oak Ridge, TN.
Two months after the atomic attacks on Japan, he begged her to convince Hollywood to make a major movie that would reflect urgent warnings by the atomic scientists: The US must turn away from building more powerful weapons, which would likely spark a nuclear arms race with the Russians and imperil the entire world.
Soon, MGM would launch such a big-budget project, with studio chief Louis B. Mayer calling it the most important movie he would ever produce. Rival studio Paramount attempted a competing movie, with a screenplay written by none other than Ayn Rand.
My new book explores how, in the year that followed, the original message of the MGM movie would shift almost 180 degrees, ending as little more than pro-bomb propaganda. Why? Both President Harry S. Truman (who had given the order to bomb Hiroshima) and General Leslie R. Groves (director of the Manhattan Project) were given script approval, and ordered dozens of cuts and revisions. Truman even mandated a costly retake, and got the actor playing him fired.
Even to get that far, MGM had to convince the key people in the bomb project to sign releases granting permission to be portrayed in the film. This led to desperate attempts over many months to get Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard, and the scientific director of the project at Los Alamos, J. Robert Oppenheimer, to approve, while promising them (unlike with Groves) no fee. Einstein and Szilard, beaten down, finally succumbed, even while believing the movies script was poor, but the ever-conflicted Oppenheimer, the so-called Father of the Atomic Bomb, resisted.
While this was transpiring, the FBI was also chasing the three men, with a different motive. Each was suspected by J. Edgar Hoover of representing a security risk, even sympathizing with the Soviet Union, due to their generally left-wing views. So, in 1946, agents kept tabs on Einsteins mail and phone calls in Princeton, NJ. Agents monitored his writings, speeches, broadcasts, and his role with political or science groups, sometimes via informants who attended meetings. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was known to have called Einstein an extreme radical.
Agents tailed Szilard in the street, and also opened his mail, as General Groves sought to bar him from future national security programs. They followed Oppenheimer locally and on his many cross-country trips and tapped the phone at his Berkeley home.
Of course Oppie, as he was known to friends, was especially vulnerable, as his wife and brother (and his late mistress) had all been members of the Communist Party, as were several of his former associates. Yet for all their searching and harassing, the agents could not find evidence of his disloyalty.
The following excerpt from The Beginning or the End finds the producer of the MGM movie visiting Oppie at his home in April, 1946, to finally nail down his permission to be portrayed in the movie. Oppenheimers response would be recorded by the FBI, with a transcript, which appears here, revealed for the first time in the book.
Introduction by Greg Mitchell
On April 18, 1946, Sam Marx sent J. Robert Oppenheimer a copy of the screenplay for The Beginning or the End, with the hope he would at least glance through it before they met three days hence in Berkeley.
That Saturday night Marx left the Palace Hotel in San Francisco and soon arrived at Oppenheimers rambling one-story villa, built in 1925 with a red-tiled roof high up on Eagle Hill with an expansive view of three canyons, the bay, and sunsets over the Golden Gate.
After dinner, Oppie spoke frankly about the script, in his usual manner. In a letter to his friend J.J. Nickson he would recount much of this discussion. Based on that, it went something like this:
Oppenheimer: Some of the themes in the movie are sound, but most of the supposedly real characters like Bohr and Fermi and myself are stiff and idiotic. When Fermi hears of fission he says my what a thrill and my most characteristic phrase was gentlemen, gentlemen, let us be calm.
Marx: I understand.
Oppenheimer: Most of the trouble rests in ignorance and bad writing, rather than in anything malign.
Marx: Well, that may be true, but look at these newly signed agreements by Fermi and a few others.
Oppenheimer: Well, what kind of agreement can you and I make? For example, how about hiring as technical adviser my former aide and Los Alamos historian David Hawkins? Also, I want to be portrayed as a friend of that ethical scientist, whats his name, Matt Cochran.
Marx: Okay on all that. In addition, we will correct all of the factual errors you mentioned and take seriously all of your other gripes and proposed additions.
Oppenheimer: If all that is done, and you show me the next version of the script, I will likely sign a release. But I dont want a fee just send any proceeds to FAS or set up science fellowships for students.
Marx: Lets shake on it.
Oppenheimer would tell Nickson that he found his visitor from Hollywood sympathetic. Marx seemed honestly eager to get the script improved, but even after the revisions, Oppie predicted It wont be very good. At least in the current story, he added, the scientists seemed to be treated as ordinary decent guys, that they worried like hell about the bomb, that it presents a major issue of good and evil to the people of the world. He concluded: I hope I did right. I think the movie is a lot better for my intercession, but it is not a beautiful movie, or a wise and deep one. I think it did not lie in my power to make it so.
Oppenheimer seemed uncommonly insecure, however. Let me hear from you, he asked Nickson, particularly if you think I did wrong or want me to try again. He had other things to worry about as well. The FBI had started tapping the phone in his Berkeley home and recording the conversations.
When Sam Marx returned to Hollywood he immediately began revising the script. And while the studio had decided on Hume Cronyn to play him, that still might change. Marx doubted they could find a better actor, but they could certainly secure a more impressive movie name. Kitty Oppenheimer had voiced some opinions on that over dinner, and Marx had asked if she wanted to volunteer more ideas.
Fawning over his new friend, Marx assured him in a letter that he had just spent two full days rewriting the script (a gross exaggeration), and had impressed on the films writer, Frank Wead, and director Norman Taurog, that the character of J. Robert Oppenheimer must be an extremely pleasant one with a love of mankind, humility and a pretty fair knack of cooking. Also he passed along to them Oppies view that in the script the fictitious characters came to life but the living characters failed to breathe. Most critically and sure to provoke blowback from certain military figures Marx also revealed: We have changed all the lines at the New Mexico test so that General Groves is merely a guest and you give all the Orders.
He closed: Everyone now is most enthused about the changes I brought back from Berkeley. We are as eager for the truth as you are. . . . I would rather see you pleased with this picture than anyone else who has been concerned with the making of the atom bomb. Marx may well have been sincere about that, but it never hurt anyone to appeal to Oppenheimers vanity.
Two weeks later, near the end of a lengthy phone conversation taped as usual by the FBI Kitty Oppenheimer informed her husband, who was in the east, that he had received a letter from a Hugh Cronin (as the name was recorded in the transcript), explaining why he would like to be you.
Classic Who: Hiroshima Bombing Gets Hollywood Makeover
How Bombing Hiroshima got Hollywood Makeover
Oppie asked: Bill Cronin? Kitty: Hugh Cronin that bloke that belongs to MGM.
Well, Ill tell you what I did on this, Oppenheimer replied, then referred to General Groves top aide. This very ugly creature, [Colonel W.A.] Consodine, called me and said that Marx had said it was all right and would I sign the release, and I said sure. I got the release and I signed it with a paragraph written in saying that all of this is subject to my receipt of a statement from Mr. Sam Marx that he believes the changes that have been made are satisfactory. Possibly to re-assure his wife, he pointed out that their friend David Hawkins was still at the studio checking on things for him.
Kitty: Oh.
Robert: Well, I didnt think there was anything else to do. I dont want anything from them and if I can work on his conscience, that is the best angle I have. It just isnt worth anything otherwise, darling.
At this juncture, the call faded in and out. The FBI must have just hung up, Robert quipped.
The transcript recorded Kittys response as: Giggles.
Then Robert concluded: The only thing we can do there is to try to persuade them to do a decent job.
The movie would flop when released the following February, and fade from importance, but FBI surveillance of Oppenheimer would continue off and on for years. That probe would culminate in the famous 1954 hearing leading to Oppenheimer losing his security clearance, which led to his steady decline in influence and voice in the national discourse on the further development of nuclear weapons and policy.
____
Greg Mitchells The Beginning or the End was published this month by the New Press. It is his twelfth book. He is the former editor of Editor & Publisher and longtime daily blogger for the Nation.
Related front page panorama photo credit: Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from Chris-Hvard Berge / Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0) and DoE / Wikimedia.
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Florida Democrats running to boost Biden from the bottom up – Minneapolis Star Tribune
Posted: at 11:47 am
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. Before the coronavirus pandemic sickened Florida's economy, and before the Black Lives Matter movement widened her eyes to racial injustice, Kelly Johnson had little interest in politics except to occasionally cast a ballot. In 2018, she voted for the Republican in the Florida governor's race, and four years ago she supported Donald Trump.
Now, the unemployed, white single mother of eight is running for office as a Democrat in a bid to oust a state legislator who's one of Florida's rising Republican stars. She knows it's a long shot, but she hopes even a loss will serve a purpose for Democrats: boosting turnout in the race to evict Trump from the White House.
"There's a greater good happening," she said. "And I'm glad to be part of that."
Johnson's campaign is part of a major change in strategy for Florida Democrats. Long accustomed to being on the losing side of razor-close races, state Democrats are mounting challenges in Republican strongholds not necessarily to win but to lose by less. And they're convinced that competing in traditionally Republican areas will help former Vice President Joe Biden eke out a victory against Trump in a key battleground state.
The party is fielding its largest slate of legislative candidates in decades, with Democratic candidates vying in all but one of the 141 statehouse seats up for election in November. (One Democrat is challenging her exclusion from the ballot after being disqualified because of a technical issue.)
"We need to start thinking of candidates as field organizers, people who are on the ground and connecting with the community," said Janelle Christensen, a state party activist in charge of candidate recruitment.
By most accounts, Florida is a must-win state for Trump. While his newly adopted home state has tilted Republican in recent years, the COVID-19 outbreak is threatening to reshape the political landscape. Democrats hope to seize the opportunity to retake the state, and its 29 electoral votes, ever mindful of their prior disappointments.
For years, Florida Democrats largely have focused on running up the score in heavily Democratic urban precincts in South Florida in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties. While they've scrapped with Republicans for independent voters in central Florida, they've mostly ceded huge swaths of Florida long dominated by the GOP.
That concession has had consequences.
While a quarter of Florida's 13.9 million voters have no party affiliation, registered Democrats outnumber Republicans by more than 275,000.
But Republicans control both chambers of the Florida statehouse. A Democrat hasn't occupied the governor's mansion in 20 years, and both the state's U.S. senators are Republicans.
Four years ago, Trump prevailed over Democrat Hillary Clinton by a little more than 1 percentage point not even the closest of recent heartbreak races for Democrats. In 2018, Republican Rick Scott ousted incumbent Sen. Bill Nelson by just 10,000 votes out of nearly 8.2 million cast.
"These margins are microscopic for such a large state as Florida," said Dr. Fergie Reid Jr., a Democratic activist whose voter registration campaign is often credited with helping flip the Virginia Legislature from red to blue.
This past spring, Reid set his sights on replicating that success in Florida and began reaching out to Democratic groups across the state to help field candidates in every legislative race. By the filing deadline, 29 House seats and seven Senate seats that were previously uncontested had contenders in place.
"Florida is ripe for the taking. All we have to do is take it," said Reid.
Conventional wisdom says it's the candidate at the top of the ticket who draws voters to the polls. But Florida Democrats are hoping that enthusiasm rises from the bottom up and compounds quickly.
"If only for the fact that if that person's friends and family might equal 50 people and you add that up across the state, that's enough to turn more than one election," said Kevin Cate, a Democratic consultant who worked for the only Democrat currently in statewide office, Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried.
Republicans scoffed at the tactic.
"They are fielding candidates just to say that they have candidates in races. We're fielding candidates to win races, and we think that Trump will win Florida," said Florida Republican Party Chair Joe Gruters, who's running for reelection to his state Senate seat.
"They're going to have a great time coming together on election night and crying on each other's shoulders," he said.
But Democrats are pressing on. On the stump and on social media, the Democrats running in red districts are campaigning on traditional party themes protecting the environment, expanding Medicaid, limiting access to guns and promoting racial equity.
But they are also appealing to Trump voters who have soured on the president and his close ally Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis for their handling of the pandemic.
"At first there were some good things about Trump. A lot of things made sense early in his presidency," said Johnson, who became a community activist after losing her job because of the outbreak and struggling to get benefits from the state's broken unemployment system.
"But there was this underlying tone of not all people in America are created equal -- and I didn't like that. Now with the pandemic, things have just totally fallen apart."
In Florida's conservative Panhandle, another Democrat says Trump prompted her to run making her the first Democrat to compete in Senate District 1 in two decades.
"You can't be on the sidelines and complain to your friends on Facebook," said Karen Butler, a 20-year Air Force veteran running in a region with a strong military presence.
In an overlapping House district, Democratic candidate Angela Hoover says she's clear-eyed about her chances.
"I don't care what anybody says. I did the research. I know the demographics, I know the issues. And I know the odds," said Hoover, the first Democrat to run for House District 3 since 2010.
"We don't just campaign for ourselves," she said. "We're also campaigning for the party and everybody up the ticket. When we talk about Joe Biden, we don't just put ourselves out there. We're all campaigning for each other."
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Trump threatens to send more troops to Democrat cities – The Mercury News
Posted: at 11:46 am
- Trump threatens to send more troops to Democrat cities The Mercury News
- Trump to send federal law enforcement to Democrat-led cities Al Jazeera English
- Trump threatens to deploy federal agents to Chicago and other U.S. cities led by Democrats The Washington Post
- Trump is sending unidentified ICE agents to arrest protesters in Democratic-run cities. Slate
- Trump uses homeland security agency to fight his political battle against Democratic cities CNN
- View Full Coverage on Google News
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Democrats Warn of Possible Foreign Disinformation Plot Targeting Congress – The New York Times
Posted: at 11:46 am
Behind the congressional Democrats warning are the efforts of a Ukrainian lawmaker, Andriy Derkach, who was educated in a K.G.B.-backed school and was, until recently, closely aligned with a pro-Russian political faction in Ukraine. In May he released tapes of what he said were fragments of telephone conversations between Mr. Biden, then the vice president, and Ukraines president at the time, Petro O. Poroshenko.
The purported tapes did little to change the understanding of the elder Mr. Bidens engagement with Ukraines leadership. Mr. Biden had publicly insisted that aid to Kyiv could be tied to the firing of a Ukrainian prosecutor, whom the United States and European nations had accused of corruption. So far, the accusations emanating from Mr. Derkach and others about Mr. Biden and his son, Hunter, have either been debunked or not been substantiated by any independent sources.
But the accusations, fueled by release of the tapes, led to more online conspiracy theories, which American intelligence officials have warned may well have their origins in Russia. Mr. Johnson has at various moments said he would subpoena evidence surrounding the dealings with Ukraine in the last years of the Obama administration, and The Washington Post reported this month that there was an effort among Ukrainian officials to pass the tapes to Mr. Johnsons committee.
Mr. Trump has cheered his work. Pressure Mr. Trump put on Ukraines leaders last year to investigate some of the same issues ultimately led to his impeachment, and in addition to raising questions about Mr. Biden and his son, Mr. Johnsons investigation has lent some senatorial legitimacy to Mr. Trumps claims about the matter.
The investigation focuses on Hunter Bidens work for a Ukrainian energy firm, Burisma Holdings, and whether his presence and lucrative paycheck were meant to improperly curry favor with the Obama administration. Politico first reported that the Democrats concerns were connected to Mr. Johnsons work.
A spokesman for Mr. Johnson, Austin Altenburg, said the chairman and his staff had already requested briefings from F.B.I. officials, and he accused Democrats of hypocrisy for ignoring recently declassified documents that suggested the F.B.I. may have relied on potentially tainted information in its investigation of ties between Mr. Trumps campaign and Russia.
The letter from the Democrats asked for the F.B.I. to share what it knows with all lawmakers, given the seriousness and specificity of these threats. The Democrats requested a briefing on the matter by the end of the month, when lawmakers are scheduled to leave Washington for several weeks.
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Trump threatens to send federal forces to Oakland, other Democrat cities – KRON4
Posted: at 11:46 am
OAKLAND, Calif. (KRON) President Donald Trump on Monday threatened to send federal agents to major US cities including Oakland to deal with unrest.
This comes after federal police in Portland, Oregon were seen taking demonstrators away in unmarked cars over the weekend.
Were sending law enforcement, Trump told reporters at the White House. We cant let this happen to the cities.
Trump mentioned New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore, and Oakland as possible places for sending federal forces, noting the cities mayors as liberal Democrats.
Im gonna do something, that I can tell you. Because we are not gonna let New York, and Chicago, and Philadelphia, and Detroit, and Baltimore, and all of these Oakland is a mess, were not gonna let this happen in our country. All run by liberal democrats, he said.
Gov. Gavin Newsom in his COVID-19 briefing Monday said the answer is no and we would reject it when asked if he had received prior notice about the possibility of federal agents being sent to Oakland or any other city in California.
In an interview the same day, Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf called on the president to send COVID relief not troops.
Oakland needs COVID relief not troops from our President, Schaaf said. He should stop slandering diverse, progressive cities like Oakland in his racist dog whistles and divisive campaign tactics.
Schaaf went on to note that her city had not been disrupted by any recent protests.
We are not experiencing any civil unrest right now. But the presence of Trump-ordered military troops to Oakland would likely incite it, Schaaf added.
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Trump, the American Civil War and a lesson for Democrats on the value of partisanship – NBC News
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We are in an era of increasing partisanship. The Pew Research Center found that since 2016, Republicans and Democrats have grown more frustrated with each other. Commentators worry that tension between the two parties could soon make democracy unworkable. If Republicans see Democratic victories as illegitimate, for example, could a defeated President Donald Trump refuse to leave the White House? Would his party support him?
If Republicans see Democratic victories as illegitimate, could a defeated President Donald Trump refuse to leave the White House? Would his party support him?
A presidential election has led to a crisis once before. After Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won in 1860, Southern Democrats refused to accept him as president. Two months after the election, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the union. Nathan P. Kalmoe's new book, "With Ballots & Bullets: Partisanship & Violence in the American Civil War," is an examination of how partisan commitments and division led to violent conflict in the 19th century. It illustrates some of the worst aspects of partisanship. But it also, surprisingly, shows how partisanship can be valuable and even necessary.
It's easy to see the dangers of partisanship in the 1860s. And as Kalmoe points out, America's very bloody Civil War was preceded by decades of escalating partisan violence, often around elections.
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Parties had their own groups of "toughs," who tried to intimidate the other parties' voters; electoral riots and fights injured many and killed a handful of people in the 1830s and the 1850s. Partisan tension in Congress was so high that representatives often carried guns or knives to defend themselves, Kalmoe writes, and there were a number of open brawls. In 1856, Democratic Rep. Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beat Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, an antislavery Republican, with a cane in front of colleagues.
Despite this strong record of polarization, historians have often downplayed the role of partisanship in the Civil War. In this interpretation, people voted for Republicans when the war was going well and for Democrats when it wasn't.
In the summer of 1864, for example, the war was going poorly, and Republicans feared that a public sick of defeat would toss Lincoln out of office. Then Gen. William T. Sherman won a resounding victory at Atlanta in September. Lincoln's landslide re-election in 1864 seemed to many at the time and since then to be the result of that military success.
But by analyzing House elections in 1864, Kalmoe uncovered a different story. In the 1860s, congressional contests were held over the course of the entire year, rather than on the same day as the presidential contest. If Republicans were in trouble before September, House GOP candidates should have been crushed by Democratic challengers. But instead, Kalmoe found, Republican vote share changed little over time. Lincoln was on his way to win before Atlanta. Republican partisans supported the president even though the war was going poorly, as they did when the war was going well.
In the Civil War era, partisanship had a strong effect on how people interpreted good or bad news.
In the Civil War era, partisanship had a strong effect on how people interpreted good or bad news. That shouldn't be a surprise, Kalmoe told me. You can see this in public response to Trump's handling of COVID-19. FiveThirtyEight tracked polls from March to mid-July and found that partisan approval of Trump's response barely changed; Republicans consistently gave him around 80 percent to 85 percent approval, while Democratic voter approval dropped from around 27 percent to 10 percent. "The same folks who liked him before think he's doing well, while those who disliked him before see how disastrously he's performed," Kalmoe said. COVID-19 is "a monumental event, yet partisans haven't moved more than an inch so far."
Republican refusal to abandon Trump seems ominous. Trump's disastrous response to a national health crisis has led to tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths. If his voters aren't moved by that, how can we hold government accountable to the people at all? Partisanship seems to be a recipe for denial, dysfunction and death.
But, Kalmoe told me, it's important to remember that "partisanship can be leveraged for good or bad purposes." During the 1860s, partisanship rallied Democrats to the cause of slavery and treason. But it also led Republicans to make great sacrifices for the Union even when the war seemed to be going against them. It ultimately pushed many Republican voters to support the abolition of slavery.
Similarly, partisanship today has rallied resistance and opposition to the Trump administration. Democratic voter turnout surged in 2018, when the party took the House back from Republicans. Intention to vote in 2020 among Democrats was at 70 percent in April, 9 points higher than in 2016, according to a Reuters poll. Voting intention remains high as of mid-July.
Democratic voters in Wisconsin even risked their lives when Republicans refused to postpone an election in April during the pandemic. Anger at Republican intransigence led Democrats to vote in large numbers despite the virus. "People wanted to fight back with everything they could," Wisconsin Democratic Party Chairman Ben Wikler told The New Yorker. And so they did, handing Republicans a stinging defeat in a key state Supreme Court contest.
Partisans are stubborn and recalcitrant. They can be willfully blind and violent. But Kalmoe's book is a reminder that partisanship also was a key factor in allowing the Union to resist and fight disunion, racist treason and slavery. Pro-Lincoln partisanship, Kalmoe told me, was necessary to combat "partisan violence in service of evil in this case, reinforcing slavery and rejecting legitimate elections." Similarly, Trump is buoyed by partisanship. And if we're going to defeat him, we'll need partisanship to do it.
Noah Berlatskyis a freelance writer and critic in Chicago.
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US Party Preferences Have Swung Sharply Toward Democrats – Gallup
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Story Highlights
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Since January, Americans' party preferences have shifted dramatically in the Democratic Party's direction. What had been a two-percentage-point Republican advantage in U.S. party identification and leaning has become an 11-point Democratic advantage, with more of that movement reflecting a loss in Republican identification and leaning (down eight points) than a gain in Democratic identification and leaning (up five points).
Line graph. Fifty percent of Americans identify as Democrats or are independents who lean toward the Democratic Party while 39% are Republicans or Republican leaning independents. In January, 47% were Republicans or Republican leaners and 45% were Democrats and Democratic leaners.
Currently, half of U.S. adults identify as Democrats (32%) or are independents who lean toward the Democratic Party (18%). Meanwhile, 39% identify as Republicans (26%) or are Republican leaners (13%).
These results are based on monthly averages of Gallup U.S. telephone surveys in 2020.
In January and February, the months in which the U.S. Senate tried and acquitted President Donald Trump on impeachment charges brought by the House of Representatives, slightly more Americans preferred the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.
In March, as the nation began to deal with the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, Democrats gained a slight two-point advantage, which persisted in April and May.
The greatest movement occurred in June -- likely because of increased attention to racial injustice that followed the death of George Floyd while in police custody on May 25, as well as increased U.S. struggles to contain the coronavirus spread.
In June alone, there was a three-point increase in Democratic identification and leaning, and a corresponding five-point drop in Republican identification and leaning.
Democrats typically hold an advantage over Republicans in party affiliation, which has averaged five points since Gallup regularly began measuring party identification and leaning in 1991. Double-digit Democratic advantages have been relatively uncommon.
The party last held an advantage of 10 points or more in January 2019 (51% to 39%), when Democrats were installed as the majority party in the House of Representatives after their success in the 2018 midterm elections. Democrats and Democratic leaners also outnumbered Republicans and Republican leaners by 10 points or more in several months in 2018, including in October (51% to 41%) just before those elections.
Other times when Americans' party preferences favored Democrats by more than 10 points over Republicans were:
The Republican Party has yet to average a 10-point or better advantage in party identification or leaning for an entire month since Gallup began regularly measuring independents' political leanings in late 1991. There were multiple Gallup polls with 10-point GOP advantages in March 1991 after the U.S. victory in the Persian Gulf War, but Gallup did not measure independents' political leanings in other polls taken that month, so the data are incomplete. The largest GOP advantage Gallup has measured for a complete month was eight points in December 1994, after the major Republican victories in that year's midterm elections.
Four months before Election Day, Democrats appear to be as strong politically now as they were in 2018 when they reclaimed the majority in the House of Representatives and gained seven governorships they previously did not hold. If the strong current Democratic positioning holds through Election Day, Democrats could build off those 2018 successes to possibly win the presidency and Senate in 2020. Many GOP senators up for reelection this year were last elected in 2014, a favorable year for Republicans, and appear to be facing a much more challenging political environment than six years ago. At the same time, Trump -- with a job approval rating currently below 40% -- appears vulnerable to being denied a second term.
This year has been an eventful one, politically. Trump's impeachment acquittal and a strong economy in January and February seemed to benefit the Republican Party. The coronavirus pandemic changed things suddenly, but the public initially rallied behind its leaders. After the public became critical of Trump's handling of the situation and Floyd's killing made racial injustice a major public issue, Americans became increasingly likely to align themselves with the Democratic Party. Whether the current political environment holds or takes another unexpected turn will help determine the balance of power in 2021.
Learn more about public opinion metrics that matter for the 2020 presidential election at Gallup's 2020 Presidential Election Center.
Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works.
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First Thing: Trump plans to send federal troops into Democratic cities – The Guardian
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Good morning,
Federal law enforcement agents are still patrolling the streets of Portland, Oregon, ostensibly to disperse the ongoing anti-racism protests there. Now, Donald Trump has threatened to send federal officers into several other US cities whose mayors he described as liberal Democrats, including New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore and Oakland.
Critics say the threatened crackdown is part of a re-election campaign strategy, with Trump trying to present himself as a law and order president while repeatedly and falsely accusing his rival Joe Biden of planning to defund the police, thus surrendering cities and suburbs to violent crime.
Speaking at the White House on Monday, Trump described Chicago as worse than Afghanistan after more than 63 people were shot in the city over the weekend, 12 of them fatally.
And you know what? If Biden got in, that would be true for the country. The whole country would go to hell. And were not going to let it go to hell.
The Trump administration has consulted torture lawyer John Yoo who infamously wrote the legal justification for waterboarding during the George W Bush presidency on how the current president could rule by decree on issues including immigration, healthcare and inner-city policy.
More than three months after the US Centers for Disease Control said face coverings could help slow the spread of Covid-19, and long after masks became an unlikely battleground in the US culture wars, Trump at last has endorsed them, tweeting that many people say it is Patriotic to wear a face mask when you cant socially distance.
Trump also said on Monday that he planned to bring back his televised daily coronavirus briefings, as he met Republicans at the White House to discuss a new coronavirus relief package, which looks set to be a source of disagreement not only between Republicans and Democrats but also between the president and his own party.
The bad news
The better news
Ed Henry, the former chief national correspondent of Fox News, has been accused of rape and sexual assault by a former co-worker at the cable news channel. A federal lawsuit filed in New York on Monday says Henry groomed and later assaulted the then 24-year-old Jennifer Eckhart, demanding she be his sex slave and threatening her with retaliation if she did not comply. Henry, who was fired by Fox News this month, denies the accusations.
Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity are also named in the lawsuit by a second former Fox News employee, Cathy Areu, who says she was publicly humiliated by Hannity and propositioned by Carlson claims that Fox described as false, patently frivolous and utterly devoid of any merit.
US diplomats were reportedly dismayed when Trump in 2018 taunted the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, via Twitter about the size of his nuclear button. Earlier this year, amid tensions between Washington and Tehran, Irans supreme leader Ali Khamenei tweeted an image of Trumps face with a red handprint, as if he had been slapped.
Security experts at Kings College London have now published a study examining how political leaders tweets escalate global tensions outside the traditional diplomatic channels. Adrienne Matei reports.
The white couple who pointed guns at anti-racism protesters outside their St Louis mansion last month are to face criminal charges. Personal injury lawyers Mark and Patricia McCloskey will be charged with felony unlawful use of a weapon and a misdemeanor charge of fourth-degree assault.
An anti-feminist lawyer suspected of shooting the family of a federal judge was himself found dead from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound in the Catskills on Monday. Police said Roy Den Hollander was the prime suspect in the killing of Daniel Anderl, son of the US district judge Esther Salas.
Rich Americans homes generated 25% more greenhouse gases than the homes of the less affluent, according to a study which found that the most energy-intensive dwellings are in Maine, Vermont and Wisconsin, while the least energy-intensive are in Florida, Arizona and California.
What can we learn from Netflixs all-time top 10?
The streaming service has revealed its 10 most-watched original movies, topped by the Chris Hemsworth action thriller Extraction, seen by 99 million viewers. Benjamin Lee asks what the list can tell us about which films work best online.
Why even the perfect Uighur isnt safe from the camps
Beijing claims its re-education camps in Chinas Xinjiang province are to combat Islamic terrorism among the Uighur Muslim minority. Yet Dilara and her family are educated, hard-working, cosmopolitan model citizens and even they have not been spared. Eveline Chao reports.
Ellen Pao on why Facebook cant beat hate
Tech executive Ellen Pao first broke ground in Silicon Valley with a gender discrimination suit against her former venture capital firm. Then she tried to take on the trolls as the boss of Reddit. She tells Julia Carrie Wong how Facebook and others ought to tackle hate on their platforms: Just do the right thing.
Allowing its stars to wear messages on their jerseys in support of social justice was supposed to show the NBA in a positive light. Instead, writes Hunter Felt, the lukewarm response from players demonstrates the limits of corporate virtue-signalling.
The NBA has gained a reputation as the most liberal of the major US sports leagues, but its a reputation that it has mostly achieved thanks to comparisons to the more conservative leadership of the NFL, NHL and MLB.
The teenage climate campaigner Greta Thunberg has been awarded a 1m ($1.15m) Portuguese rights award, the Gulbenkian prize for humanity and promptly pledged it all to environmental groups.
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Progressive Democrat who ousted establishment-backed congressman says he’s ‘right in alignment’ with Biden – CNN
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The comments by Jamaal Bowman, a former middle school principal who defeated House Foreign Affairs Chairman Eliot Engel, underline a recognition by Democrats across the ideological spectrum that avoiding the intra-party fractures that helped sink Hillary Clinton in 2016 will be necessary to beat Donald Trump this November.
"In this moment, we're dealing with the second biggest crisis since the Great Depression. We have to get people back to work, we got to get a handle on this pandemic. And I'm right in alignment with Joe Biden in fighting those fights as well as fighting for racial and economic justice in all its forms," Bowman told CNN's John Berman on "New Day" Monday morning.
"The Bernie Sanders-Joe Biden alliance came together to draft policy platforms together. And I'm very happy to see that Joe Biden is a lot more focused on environmental justice and climate change than maybe he was before," said Bowman, who added that the former vice president is "listening" to the progressive wing of the party.
Bowman was considered an underdog in his primary against Engel, who was supported by establishment heavyweights including Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Clinton, who lives in a neighboring district.
His victory in the Democratic primary for New York's 16th Congressional District -- which includes parts of the Bronx and Westchester County -- was a surprise given Engel's status as a long-serving congressman with establishment backing. Bowman, 44, ran as a more progressive challenger to Engel, championing policies such as "Medicare for All" and the Green New Deal.
Bowman on Monday downplayed the policy differences between himself and the more moderate Biden by nodding to the ultimate goal of defeating Trump.
"You know Joe Biden, first and foremost, wants to move this country forward in the right direction," Bowman said.
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