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Monthly Archives: July 2020
EMA Validates and Grants Accelerated Assessment for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan for the Treatment of HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer – Business Wire
Posted: July 6, 2020 at 4:46 am
TOKYO & MUNICH--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (hereafter, Daiichi Sankyo) today announced that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has validated the Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) for trastuzumab deruxtecan, a HER2 directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC), for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 based regimens. Trastuzumab deruxtecan was granted accelerated assessment by the EMAs Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP).
Validation confirms that the application is complete and commences the scientific review process by the EMAs CHMP. Accelerated assessment is granted by the CHMP to products expected to be of major interest for public health and therapeutic innovation and can significantly reduce the review timelines.
The accelerated assessment highlights the significant unmet need for patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer that trastuzumab deruxtecan aims at addressing, said Gilles Gallant, BPharm, PhD, FOPQ, Senior Vice President, Global Head, Oncology Development, Oncology R&D, Daiichi Sankyo. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is already available for patients in the U.S. and Japan, and we look forward to working with the EMA to bring this important new medicine to patients in the EU as quickly as possible.
The MAA is based on the positive results from the pivotal phase 2 DESTINY-Breast01 trial of trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy in patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer who had received two or more prior anti-HER2 regimens. The results of the DESTINY-Breast01 trial are published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
About HER2
HER2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor growth-promoting protein expressed on the surface of many types of tumors including gastric, breast and lung cancers. HER2 overexpression is associated with a specific HER2 gene alteration known as HER2 amplification and is often associated with aggressive disease and poorer prognosis.1
About HER2 Positive Breast Cancer
Approximately one in five breast cancers are HER2 positive.2,3 Despite recent improvements and approvals of new medicines, there remain significant clinical needs for patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer.4,5 This disease remains incurable with patients eventually progressing after available treatment.5
About Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki in the U.S. only) is a HER2 directed ADC and is the lead ADC in the oncology portfolio of Daiichi Sankyo and the most advanced program in AstraZenecas ADC scientific platform.
ADCs are targeted cancer medicines that deliver cytotoxic chemotherapy (payload) to cancer cells via a linker attached to a monoclonal antibody that binds to a specific target expressed on cancer cells. Designed using Daiichi Sankyos proprietary DXd ADC technology, trastuzumab deruxtecan is comprised of a HER2 monoclonal antibody attached to a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor payload by a tetrapeptide-based linker.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (5.4 mg/kg) is approved in the U.S. and Japan for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer who received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens based on the DESTINY-Breast01 trial.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan has not been approved in the EU, or countries outside of Japan and the U.S., for any indication. It is an investigational agent globally for various indications.
About the Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Clinical Development Program
A comprehensive development program for trastuzumab deruxtecan is underway globally with six pivotal trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy across multiple HER2 cancers including breast, gastric, and lung cancers. Trials in combination with other anticancer treatments, such as immunotherapy, also are underway.
In May 2020, trastuzumab deruxtecan received Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with HER2 positive unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have received two or more prior regimens including trastuzumab, and Orphan Drug Designation for gastric cancer, including gastroesophageal junction cancer. In March 2018, trastuzumab deruxtecan received a SAKIGAKE designation for potential use in the same HER2positive patient population and a supplemental New Drug Application was submitted to the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for approval in April 2020.
In May 2020, trastuzumab deruxtecan also received Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have a HER2 mutation and with disease progression on or after platinum-based therapy.
About the Collaboration between Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca
In March 2019, Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca entered into a global collaboration to jointly develop and commercialize trastuzumab deruxtecan worldwide, except in Japan where Daiichi Sankyo maintains exclusive rights. Daiichi Sankyo is solely responsible for the manufacturing and supply.
About Daiichi Sankyo
Daiichi Sankyo Group is dedicated to the creation and supply of innovative pharmaceutical therapies to improve standards of care and address diversified, unmet medical needs of people globally by leveraging our world-class science and technology. With more than 100 years of scientific expertise and a presence in more than 20 countries, Daiichi Sankyo and its 15,000 employees around the world draw upon a rich legacy of innovation and a robust pipeline of promising new medicines to help people. In addition to a strong portfolio of medicines for cardiovascular diseases, under the Groups 2025 Vision to become a Global Pharma Innovator with Competitive Advantage in Oncology, Daiichi Sankyo is primarily focused on providing novel therapies in oncology, as well as other research areas centered around rare diseases and immune disorders. For more information, please visit: http://www.daiichisankyo.com
References :
1Iqbal N, et al. Mol Biol Int. 2014; 2014: 852748
2Tandon A, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7(8):1120-8.
3Sledge G, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(19):1979-1986.
4de Melo Gagliato D, et al. Oncotarget. 2016;7(39):64431-46.
5National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Guidelines. Breast Cancer. Accessed June 2020.
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Matteo Adinolfi obituary | From the Guardian – The Guardian
Posted: at 4:46 am
My husband, Matteo Adinolfi, who has died aged 91 from Covid-19, was an internationally esteemed immunologist focusing on prenatal diagnosis of gene disorders, and a talented amateur artist.
Matteo was born in Eritrea. His parents, Attilio Adinolfi and his wife, Maria (nee Sellitti) had moved there from Italy, to escape fascism. In 1943, on a visit back to Naples, the family was trapped by the advancing war and unable to return to Africa.
Attilio joined the navy; Matteo and his mother and two sisters survived the bombardments by fleeing from one hill to another, foraging for food and finding shelter where they could. At the end of the war, Matteo was emaciated and extremely ill with gastroenteritis.
After he recovered, his experience motivated him to study medicine in Naples in 1954. He then worked at the University of Naples until 1962. Once, while sharing a pizza with an American geneticist visiting Naples, he heard about a new electrophoretic starch gel the visitor had invented for identification of plasma proteins he wrote the formula on a paper napkin. Matteos curiosity led him to prepare the gel and test the blood of a lamprey eel from the laboratory aquarium. To his surprise, the lamprey haemoglobin closely resembled a single strand of four-chain human haemoglobin. The paper, published in Nature (1955), received international attention and got him known as the famous lamprey Adinolfi.
In 1962 he moved to London and joined the experimental haemotology research unit at the Wright Fleming Institute, at the same time practising at St Marys hospital. He was awarded his PhD in immunology at the University of London in 1966 and became a senior lecturer at the paediatric research unit at Guys hospital and medical school. Over the next 30 years, he worked as a consultant, teacher and researcher in London at Guys and at University College hospital and in Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Area Health Authority. He was appointed professor of developmental immunology at the University of London in 1983. In 1994 he was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. The same year he went to the Galton Institute; he retired in 2004, aged 76.
Besides the lamprey haemoglobin work in Naples, in recent years at Guys hospital, Matteo and international colleagues developed laser microscopy in prenatal diagnoses of chromosome disorders and single-cell gene defects.
Matteo published hundreds of scientific papers, contributed chapters to many books and organised courses in many countries.
AMaking art was another of his passions. A prolific artist, he was proficient with collage, sculpture, drawing and printmaking. He and others founded the popular 407 Art Club at Guys hospital. He and I met at an etching class at the City Literary Institute in 1978, lived together from then, and married in 1985.
Matteo is survived by me and by his children, Carlo, Nora and Marina, from his first marriage, to Annetta De Giorgio, which ended in divorce. His second wife, Camille (nee Guthrie), died in 1975.
Link:
Matteo Adinolfi obituary | From the Guardian - The Guardian
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Inventiva announces the decision by the investigator to reduce the number of patients in the ongoing Phase II trial evaluating lanifibranor in type 2…
Posted: at 4:46 am
Daix (France), July 6, 2020 Inventiva (Euronext: IVA) ("Inventiva" or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing oral small molecule therapies for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and other diseases with significant unmet medical need, today announced the decision by the investigator to reduce the number of patients to be enrolled in the investigator-initiated Phase II clinical trial of lanifibranor in patients with TD2M and NAFLD being conducted by Prof. Cusi at the University of Florida.
This trial aims to evaluate the metabolic effects of lanifibranor and its potential efficacy on liver triglycerides inT2DM patients with NAFLD and provide additional clinical data supporting lanifibranors potential for the treatment of NASH.
Originally, the trial was expected to enroll 64 patients to be treated with a single daily dose of lanifibranor (800 mg/day) or placebo for a 24-week period and 10 subjects in a healthy, non-obese control group. However, given the observed effects of lanifibranor in reducing steatosis during the Phase IIb NATIVE clinical trial evaluating lanifibranor for the treatment of NASH, the investigator Prof. Cusi has decided to reduce the number of patients to be evaluated to 34 patients from 64 originally, while maintaining the same statistical powering in the trial.
At present, this investigator-initiated trial has recruited 23 patients, 15 of which have completed the 24-week period of treatment. Results from this trial are currently expected in 2021. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment and screening of new patients has been suspended at the University of Florida, where the trial is being conducted, and the results could therefore be delayed.
The table below sets forth data from the Phase IIb NATIVE clinical trial with respect to the pre-specified analysis of changes in CRN steatosis score in the subset of T2DM patients, as compared to the overall population of patients treated in the trial. These data contributed to the investigators decision to reduce target enrollment in the ongoing investigator-initiated NAFLD trial.
* Statistically significant in accordance to the statistical analysis plan (SAP)
Prof. Ken Cusi, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.E., Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, said: The results recently shown by lanifibranor in NASH patients with respect to its ability to reduce steatosis and significantly improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control are higher than I expected and support lanifibranors potential for the treatment of patients with NASH. I now look forward to advancing this trial and developing data to support the hypothesis that lanifibranor can have a significant impact on hepatic triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
Pierre Broqua, CSO and cofounder of Inventiva, stated: We are very pleased with this decision following the positive results of lanifibranor during the Phase IIb clinical trial in NASH. Type 2 diabetes patients with NASH are generally exposed to an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes and are therefore in a critical need for an efficacious NASH treatment. We were thus particularly pleased to see significant improvements in CRN steatosis scores in patients with type 2 diabetes in the NATIVE trial and look forward to data from Prof. Cusis trial, which could further support lanifibranors potential in this population.
About lanifibranor
Lanifibranor, Inventivas lead product candidate, is an orally-available small molecule that acts to induce anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and beneficial vascular and metabolic changes in the body by activating all three peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, which are wellcharacterized nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. Lanifibranor is a PPAR agonist that is designed to target all three PPAR isoforms in a moderately potent manner, with a wellbalanced activation of PPAR and PPAR, and a partial activation of PPAR. While there are other PPAR agonists that target only one or two PPAR isoforms for activation, lanifibranor is the only panPPAR agonist in clinical development. Inventiva believes that lanifibranors moderate and balanced panPPAR binding profile contributes to the favorable tolerability profile that has been observed in clinical trials and preclinical studies to date.
About the study of lanifibranor in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
The trial being conducted by Prof. Kenneth Cusi, Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism in the Department of Medicine at the University of Florida, Gainesville, is expected to enroll 34 patients treated for a 24-week period with a single daily dose of lanifibranor (800 mg/day) or placebo and 10 subjects in a healthy, non-obese control group. The studys overall objective is to measure the metabolic effects of lanifibranor and its potential efficacy on liver triglycerides in T2DM patients with NAFLD. The primary endpoint is the change in liver triglycerides as assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Secondary endpoints include changes in liver fibrosis, evidence of metabolic improvements in insulin resistance, de novo lipogenesis, free fatty acids and lipids, as well as safety. Results from this trial are currently expected in 2021. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment and screening of new patients has been suspended at the University of Florida, where the trial is being conducted, and the results could therefore be delayed.
About Inventiva
Inventiva is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of oral small molecule therapies for the treatment of NASH, MPS and other diseases with significant unmet medical need.
Leveraging its expertise and experience in the domain of compounds targeting nuclear receptors, transcription factors and epigenetic modulation, Inventiva is currently advancing two clinical candidates, as well as a deep pipeline of earlier stage programs.
Lanifibranor, its lead product candidate, is being developed for the treatment of patients with NASH, a common and progressive chronic liver disease for which there are currently no approved therapies. Inventiva recently announced positive topline data from its Phase IIb clinical trial evaluating lanifibranor for the treatment of patients with NASH.
Inventiva is also developing odiparcil, a second clinical stage asset, for the treatment of patients with subtypes of MPS, a group of rare genetic disorders. A Phase I/II clinical trial in children with MPS VI is currently under preparation following the release of positive results of the Phase IIa clinical trial in adult MPS VI patients at the end of 2019.
In parallel, Inventiva is in the process of selecting an oncology development candidate for its Hippo signalling pathway program. Furthermore, the Company has established a strategic collaboration with AbbVie in the area of autoimmune diseases. AbbVie has started the clinical development of ABBV157, a drug candidate for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis resulting from its collaboration with Inventiva. This collaboration enables Inventiva to receive milestone payments upon the achievement of pre-clinical, clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones, in addition to royalties on any approved products resulting from the collaboration.
The Company has a scientific team of approximately 70 people with deep expertise in the fields of biology, medicinal and computational chemistry, pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, as well as in clinical development. It also owns an extensive library of approximately 240,000 pharmacologically relevant molecules, approximately 60% of which are proprietary, as well as a whollyowned research and development facility.
Inventiva is a public company listed on compartment C of the regulated market of Euronext Paris (Euronext: IVA ISIN: FR0013233012). http://www.inventivapharma.com
Contacts
InventivaFrdric CrenChairman & CEOinfo@inventivapharma.com+33 3 80 44 75 00
Brunswick GroupYannick Tetzlaff / Tristan Roquet Montegon /Aude LepreuxMedia relationsinventiva@brunswickgroup.com+33 1 53 96 83 83
Westwicke, an ICR CompanyPatricia L. BankInvestor relationspatti.bank@westwicke.com +1415513 1284
Important Notice
This press release contains forward-looking statements, forecasts and estimates with respect to Inventivas clinical trials, clinical trial data releases, clinical development plans and anticipated future activities of Inventiva. Certain of these statements, forecasts and estimates can be recognized by the use of words such as, without limitation, believes, anticipates, expects, intends, plans, seeks, estimates, may, will and continue and similar expressions. Such statements are not historical facts but rather are statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs. These statements reflect such views and assumptions prevailing as of the date of the statements and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause future results, performance or future events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Actual events are difficult to predict and may depend upon factors that are beyond Inventiva's control. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline product candidates that the clinical trial results will be available on their anticipated timeline, that future clinical trials will be initiated as anticipated, or that candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals. Therefore, actual results may turn out to be materially different from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements, forecasts and estimates. Given these uncertainties, no representations are made as to the accuracy or fairness of such forward-looking statements, forecasts and estimates. Furthermore, forward-looking statements, forecasts and estimates only speak as of the date of this press release. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements.
Please refer to the Universal Registration Document filed with the Autorit des Marchs Financiers on June 19, 2020 under n D.20-0551 for additional information in relation to such factors, risks and uncertainties.
Except as required by law, Inventiva has no intention and is under no obligation to update or review the forward-looking statements referred to above. Consequently, Inventiva accepts no liability for any consequences arising from the use of any of the above statements.
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Inventiva announces the decision by the investigator to reduce the number of patients in the ongoing Phase II trial evaluating lanifibranor in type 2...
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Bing and Ol’ Medicine Hat – Todayville.com
Posted: at 4:46 am
CHAPTER TWELVE
GRAND CANYON SUITE
Kemo Sabe, how many outlaws are left? Tonto asked the Ranger during a lull in the melee.
The Masked man, standing high in Silvers stirrups surveyed the battleground quickly, his dark piercing eyes catching all the important details in their scan of the cacophony.
He turned and looked towards Tonto.
About twenty or twenty five Tonto, now we outnumber them! he said enthusiastically.
Just as quickly as the battle waned, it resumed as the remaining outlaws charged once more.
Bracing themselves for the brutal onslaught, the tired ranchers formed a defensive wall. The Lone Ranger, Tonto, Monte Hale, Rex Allen, Gabby Hayes, the Harts, Tex Ritter and crew, Tim McCoy and his outriders; all lined up, their pistols still hot and smoking as they stood tall and defiant to face the bloodthirsty outlaws final surge!
The outlaws, battered, bruised and wounded stared ahead at the growing line of vengeful determined ranchers.
Fear grew within their villainous breasts as man by man, they looked to the man beside them. Left, then right, each man assessed his sideman and finally, faced front again.
By now the moon was almost mid sky, and the shadows of the ranchers were eerie dancers on the uneven beat up ground. Slowly, gun barrel reflections of white light met each outlaws gaze as they surveyed the wide line of vengeance before them.
More men joined in the ever widening swath of ranchers . Bob Nolan, Pat Brady, Dusty Rogers, and Sunset Carson had galloped up and merged with the ranchers.
The masked outlaw leader, waiting in line with the outlaws, waved the desperate men forward. Over poorly lit ground, they walked slowly at first, guns raised in preparation for a final shoot out! The masked leader walked one step behind, examining all he could see.
The Lone Ranger yelled out.
Forward men!
Like two columns of marching Roman centurions, the desperate groups moved towards a certain collision with destiny. A charged silence filled the air between the two approaching masses of men. The ground, trampled and torn, bore signs of recent violence, and the anger in the air screamed the promise of more!
Fear showed in every outlaws numbers as the ranchers neared. The masked leader, still walking a step behind, sensing certain defeat, yelled
CHARGE!!!
The outlaws, waiting for the sign to attack, ran forward desperately. Guns held high, each outlaw fired his brace of ammunition. Reloading, they fired again, and again.
The ranchers led by the Ranger and Roy, met the villainous onslaught with courage born of confidence. The outlaw bullets did little harm to the revenge driven cattlemen. A few fell back with slight wounds, then recovering from the hot stings, rejoined their comrades.
GETEM BOYS! the Ranger shouted as he lifted his pistol, and fired, and fired.
Roy Rogers, beside the Ranger, charged into the mass of fighting men, pistols held high and blazing. All around him, rancher fought outlaw, and with one sure result; death or capture for the evil doer!
The masked leader, fighting for his life with a rancher spotted Roy out of the corner of his eye. he feigned left, then punched right felling the exhausted rancher. Roy, seeing the man fall, plunged towards the mysterious leader.
Rogers! Come get me he taunted.
Roy reached the hooded man, and leaping upon the outlaw leader, pulled him to the ground.
The leader, somewhat hampered by his disguise, rolled Roy off into the moist hardback.
Give yourself up! Roy shouted.
Roy stood up, and slipped.
The masked leader, sensing that defeat was close at hand, jumped up and mounted his horse in desperation. Taking a quick look around the melee, he reined his horse around, back again and then fled!
Come back, you coward! Roy shouted.
The masked leader kicked at the lunging cowboy. Missing Roy by a couple of inches, he spurred his horse onward.
Roy Rogers, ducking to avert the outlaw leaders silver tipped boot, fell onto the trampled ground again.
The masked leader galloped desperately away from the battle scene. One thought filled his mind-ESCAPE!! Pushing his mount mercilessly, he looked back and saw Roy rising from the ground dazed somewhat. Turning frontwards, he leaned down and fled for his life!
Roy Rogers, getting up from the ground looked up to see through blurry eyes. Shaking his head to clear the cobwebs, he called out.
Here Trigger and he whistled.
Trigger, not far away, galloped enthusiastically towards Roy. Roy, running alongside Trigger, mounted him mid gallop. He quickly reined Trigger around toward the fleeing outlaw leader.
Come on boy, hes got a big lead on us! Roy shouted to Trigger.
Trigger accelerated strongly, the cool night air rushing across his face and bruising his lungs. Dust flew as his hooves beat out a tune that could only be called JUSTICE!
Roy urged Trigger on, as the outlaw ahead pushed his mount brutally. the distance between them was steadily decreasing. One hundred, ninety, eight yards and closer.
A shot from the outlaw puffed back and went wide. A second came a little closer. Roy pulled his silver handled pistol out and took careful bead, then fired once.
By now, Roy and Trigger had closed the gap down to twenty yards.
Roy pushed Trigger onward, with the outlaw this close nothing could stop them. Triggers golden mane, waving in the rushing wind shimmered ghostly in the moonlight. Like a pair of rushing gladiators smelling victory, Roy and Trigger were transformed into avenging angels.
The outlaw leader, now scant yards away, looked back with fear in his eyes. His horse, stopped short as Trigger and Roy outran the pair briefly. Turning quickly, Roy and Trigger met the outlaw pairs attack head on.
Trigger reared up in response to the chestnuts menacing hooves. Roy, balancing on Triggers back, tensed in preparation for the final battle. Trigger struck out with his left hoof, the chestnut reeled back. Striking out in retaliation, the chestnut nicked Triggers shoulder drawing blood with a sharp shoe. Trigger, lashed out with both hooves, the other horse recoiled in fear and stepped back and down again. Trigger landed on his front hooves and attacked again and again.
Silhouetted in the moonlight, the mounted riders looked like ghosts dueling eternally over some long forgotten disagreement. Triggers mane, adopting the shimmery translucence of the silvery light, whirled as if tethered to an invisible line. Roys figure, against the moon, loomed mightily over the masked leaders as the horses, tired by their exertion, planted themselves firmly on the ground. The chestnut, beaten by Triggers pummeling hooves, succumbed to the golden stallion.
Roy, sensing victory for Trigger, urged him closer to the outlaw pair. Leaping from his saddle, Roy landed on the frantic outlaw leader and pulled him to the ground.
Roy, atop the masked leader, punched once, twice. The masked evildoer, arched his back and sent Roy flying through the air.
Blood dripping out of the leaders mask minimized his vision. His fear of dying drove him on! The leader ran and jumped on Roy dazing him temporarily.
Taking his pistol out of his holster he grabbed the barrel end and swung towards Roy.
Ducking to avoid the heavy pistol end, Roy swung out with his right fist. Connecting with the outlaws blood drenched chin solidly, Roy felt a snap.
The leaders head jerked back and his body followed. The masked outlaw rolled off Roy onto the ground, his pistol falling harmlessly to the side.
Roy sat up and knelt beside the stunned outlaw. He wiped his mouth with his gloved hand.
Finding his hat in the dirt, Roy picked it up and knocked the dust off. Placing it on his head, he turned and looked at the outlaw.
In the moonlight his menace was diminished, thickening blood shone black in the silvery glow. Roy stood up and rolled the masked leader over. He reached down and pulled the mask off.
The moonlight fell upon the face of Sheriff Bill Stockton!
Roy whistled.
So, our suspicions were right he said.
Roy walked over to Trigger, took his lasso off and tied Bill up. Wrapping the outlaw sheriff tightly, Roy threw him onto his tired chestnut. Whinnying in protest, the horse struggled with the dead weigh of the sheriff/outlaw leader.
Come on boy. Well go slow Roy said soothingly.
Breathing the cool prairie air, Roy whistled a nameless tune. Trigger, nodding in response, sauntered over beside where Roy was standing. Roy placed his left foot in the stirrup, grasped the horn, and back, then swung up into the well worn saddle.
Lets go Trigger, take it easy. Weve got ourselves a tag along Roy said as he rubbed the palominos neck.
Trigger whinnied and tossed his head from left to right.
Dont worry, well get your cut washed out too. If youre lucky, the vetll have a girl patient there too. Or well get Tonto to fix you up. Roy said to comfort Trigger.
Roy turned Trigger. The chestnut caboose followed and headed off towards Rexs place.
As the masked outlaw leader fled from Roy, the remaining villains were battling viciously. Like trapped wolves they used every weapon at their disposal; teeth, knives, boots, even mud. The sounds of hand to hand combat intermingled with the echoes of gunfire drifted over to the ranch where Mary Sterling waited for the battle to end and peace to begin once more.
Now and then, Gabbys voice could be heard over the lull.
Got ya varmint of Drop it polecat. Ive got you covered.
As the outlaw numbers diminished, strength and resolve of the ranchers increased.
Twisting his head quickly y from side to side and scanning as well as he could in the moonlight, Aces sharp vision caught the lunar sparkle from the masked leaders disguise. Much to his surprise, the leader glanced back, kicked out at a flying Roy Rogers, then turned and galloped off!
Above the din, he yelled to the surviving outlaws.
Men- Scatter!
Each man found his horse, then fled as well as he could. The ranchers, led by the Lone Ranger and Tonto, fell upon the fleeing outlaws.
Quick men! Theyre leaving! he shouted.
Silver responded to the masked mans gentle commands- left here to cut a retreat, right to block an outlaw. Tonto found the fleeing Ace Parker and gave chase. Within a few hundred yards, Tonto and Scout overtook the villainous gunman. The Indian flung Ace to the ground, Aces head ricocheting off a rock. With savage fury Tonto swung once, twice, three, and out Ace Parker went. Collapsing into a heap on the ground and bleeding from half a dozen wounds, he whispered.
You got me Indian. You got me.
All around the melee, whoops of victory filled the air. Triumphant ranchers pulled back fleeing outlaws. Some men gathered the fallen together in a line. The outlaws, some bound, some not, all bore signs of battle weariness. and failure. The grinning ranchers, their faces battered but jubilant, slapped got down to the business of securing the prisoners.
Rex Allen found Koko, and pursued Trig Larson. Trig Larson, too scared and confused to find a horse, bolted desperately. Rex, in a couple of Kokos strides caught up him. He lept upon the fleeing outlaw. They went down. Rex, landing squarely on Trigs back heard a crack. Trig Larson let out a yell of pain.
Ya broke my arm Allen! I give up he howled.
Rex Allen stepped off Larson, and lifted him up by his good arm. A surge of anger came over Rex. He wanted to beat Trig Larson within an inch of his life, but he couldnt. They had won.
Lets go Larson. You walk, I ride Rex said grimly.
Trig Larson, downcast, started back towards Rexs place. Rex, atop Koko, held back tears of gratitude.
Somehow tonight, the deaths of his friends and fellow ranchers had been avenged, and the dead now knew.
One by one, the escaping outlaws found their retreat blocked by the inspired ranchers. The Corrigans, Haydens, Ritters and Pierce Lyden all found their targets and bore down. Some fights were quick, some long, but the prospect of peace drove the ranchers to a feverish pace. In the end, not one outlaw was left standing. Some got killed in the battle, some just got shot escaping.
Rex the Lone Ranger said to the exhausted ranch owner as he sauntered into the corral area, Its all over now.
Rex , took his dirty hat off, and brushed his hand against the crest and sides. He put his hat back on and smiled a tired smile.
Lone Ranger, I hope youre right he said, his hand on the Rangers shoulder.
The Ranger stood atop Silver and yelled.
Men-bring the outlaws here. Well tie them to the fence,
The men grumbled. One man spoke up.
Lets lynchem!
They killed my pa!
They killed my uncle!
The Ranger and Tonto looked around. The men were poised to finish the night with more violence. Rex looked at the pair, concern showing on his face.
Men, we have to hold them for the law. If we dont, were not better than
Roy Rogers came around the corner. Reining Trigger back he dismounted and walked over to where the Ranger, Rex and Tonto stood. The flickering light evidenced Roys battle scars. His dungarees and shirt, were now stained brown and red.
What took so long Roy? Rex asked.
Roy pointed to the chestnut behind Trigger where the masked leader/Bill Stockton lay gagged and unmoving.
He did Roy said smiling. But we took care of the both of them, didnt we Trigger.
Trigger whinnied in response to Roys praise.
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Bing and Ol' Medicine Hat - Todayville.com
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Who Are The 8 Best U.S. Chess Players Ever? – Chess.com
Posted: at 4:44 am
On July 4, the day the United States of America celebrates its independence, let's take a look at the best chess players in American history.
The United States has long produced top chess talent, with some of the game's finest players, authors, and theoreticians calling the U.S. home.
In recent years, the U.S. has been a force on the international chess scene, and its "big three" grandmasters are staples at the world's top tournaments. The United States had a world-championship contender in 2018, with GMFabiano Caruana coming up just short against the world champion, GMMagnus Carlsen.
Caruana obviously makes the list of the best-ever U.S. players, but where does he rank? And who is ahead of him?
There are many ways to make a "best-of-all-time" list. Your selections will be different from mine. I am using peak playing strength as my primary metric, not overall career achievement because I am most interested in the best possible chess produced by each American on this list.
8. GMGata Kamsky
Peak rating: 2763
Kamsky is a true chess prodigy. He became a strong grandmaster at age 16 and reached his peak in the 1990s. His career pinnacle was in the 1996 FIDE world championship bracket, where he made the finals but dropped the championship match against the reigning FIDE world champion, GMAnatoly Karpov.
Kamsky was born in the Soviet Union but moved to the United States early in his career. Kamsky won the U.S. chess championship five times (1991, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2014), cementing his status as an American chess legend.
Here is a 22-year-old Kamsky beating the super-GM Nigel Short in 26 moves.
7. GMLeinier Dominguez Perez
Peak rating: 2768
Even with much recent success, Dominguez Perez remains an underrated American chess talent.
Dominguez Perez officially became an American chess player less than two years ago, in December 2018, when he transferred federations to the United States. Before that, he was the five-time Cuban chess champion.
His career peak was likely his sole first place in the 2013 FIDE Grand Prix leg in Greece, finishing ahead of 11 other super-GMs, including three others on this list.
Dominguez Perez's attacking prowess was on full display in 2014 when he practically wiped future-compatriot GMWesley So's kingside off the board in this brutal miniature.
6. Paul Morphy
Peak rating: 2811 (estimated by Edo)
It's not a stretch to call Paul Morphy the father of American chess.
A true prodigy, Morphy was not just a chess force at an early age. His game was also about 100 years ahead of its time in terms of style and even tactical strength.
GM Bobby Fischer called Morphy "the most accurate player who ever lived," which should tell you something because many chess fans give that title instead to Fischer.
Morphy's game peaked quite early, and the apex was his European tour in 1858 at age 21. Morphy pretty much destroyed every strong player the European continent could throw at him, and by the time he returned to the United States, he was recognized as the unofficial world champion.
Morphy retired from competitive chess a year later to begin his law practice, never returning to the game before his death at age 47.
Morphy is the author of arguably the most famous chess game ever played, an exhibition against the Duke of Brunswick and Count Isouard at an opera house in Paris. If you're going to show a chess beginner one game, use this one.
5. GMHikaru Nakamura
Peak rating: 2816
Hikaru Nakamura, while quite a formidable traditional chess force, is truly a chess player of the modern age.
Nakamura has made his mark as unquestionably the best American blitz chess player ever, and also the best American online chess player ever. Since most chess games in 2020 are both played online and at fast time controls, these are fairly important arenas.
Nakamura has also established a tremendous following on the live-streaming site Twitch and was called "the grandmaster who got Twitch hooked on chess" by Wired magazine. On Chess.com, Nakamura has won the two most recent editions of the Speed Chess Championship (2018-2019).
Of course, Nakamura has enjoyed solid over-the-board success as well, winning the U.S. championship five times.
No game quite captures the modern, fun, and online-friendly nature of Nakamura's style like his thorough trolling of the computer engine Crafty back in 2007, when Crafty was one of the world's strongest engines and Nakamura was just 20 years old.
4. GMWesley So
Peak rating: 2822
Wesley So transferred to the United States federation six years ago, and since then he has established himself as one of the world's best players.
So is 26 years old and it's reasonable to think that his chess peak is just getting started. So's style of play is precise and safe, rarely getting himself into trouble. This less-risky approach has been cited (mostly unfairly) as evidence that So is not an exciting chess player.
That argument went right out the window last November when So destroyed the classical world chess champion, Carlsen, in the finals of the first FIDE world Fischer random chess championship. So ran up the score, winning the match 13.5-2.5, putting to rest any doubts of his brilliance and creativity.
In this famous game against the top Chinese GM Ding Liren, So answers any lingering questions you might have about whether three pieces are better than a queen.
3. GMFabiano Caruana
Peak rating: 2844
Caruana is currently at the top of his career and sits just 28 rating points behind Carlsen on the live list. Caruana and Carlsen are the only players above 2800. The pair fought a close battle in the 2018 world chess championship, with Carlsen needing the tiebreaks to retain his title.
Caruana is still in contention for the next world championship whenever that process resumes, with the American one game off the lead of the 2020 candidates' tournament at the time of its postponement halfway through the schedule.
Caruana's chess highlight reel is too extensive to fully appreciate in this space. He won the U.S. chess championship on his first try in 2016, and he was the four-time Italian chess champion before transferring to the U.S. federation.
Why pick a draw for Caruana's showcase game, when all the other players get wins?
This game against Carlsen in the 2018 world chess championship represents the peak of chess on two levels. On the surface, you have the tremendous underdog Caruana outplaying and pressuring the world champion Carlsen, who was lucky to escape with the draw and maintain an even match.
On a deeper level, there is a beautiful and inscrutable endgame lurking in this game that astounded everyone who analyzed it. The chess super-computer "Sesse" found a forced checkmate for Caruana in 30 moves in real-time, as millions watched the game around the world. The legendary former world champion GMGarry Kasparov said no human could ever spot the win. Yet it was in there, on the board as surely the 64 squares themselves.
I still get goosebumps playing over this endgame.
2. GM Bobby Fischer
Peak rating: 2785
Bobby Fischer stands as the most legendary U.S. chess player ever and is universally considered one of the three greatest world champions, along with Carlsen and Kasparov.
Fischer was responsible for a renaissance in American chess in the 1970s as he racked up ridiculous winning streaks on his way to the world title over GMBoris Spassky in 1972. Fischer elevated the game of chess to geopolitical philosophy, representing American individualism against the Soviet chess machine.
The most striking aspect of Fischer's chess was how far ahead he was of his competition. His peak rating of 2785, earned before the considerable rating inflation in the 50 years since would place him near the top of the chess world even today.
Computer studies have confirmed Fischer's strength and accuracy as other-worldly for his time. His style was universal, elegant and above all, accurate. His fierce competitive spirit is something the computer engines can't measure; Fischer had one of the strongest wills to win in chess history.
Fischer's career was cut short by disagreements with chess organizers along with mental and physical health problems. Nonetheless, in the short time he spent at the top of the game, he changed it forever with the millions of American players he inspired.
Almost as a side note, Fischer invented Fischer random chess (chess 960), which is considered one of the most creative chess variants. Fischer also held a patent for a chess clock with an increment, which is the preferred time control today of many players.
The below game, one of the most famous in chess history, shows the stunning chess clarity possessed by Fischer even as young as age 13 when he eviscerated a leading American chess master, Donald Byrne.
1. AlphaZero
Peak rating: 3500+
I can already see the objections in the comment section. But the headline in this article said "chess players," not chess humans, and I am a big fan of non-human chess.
AlphaZero is an artificial intelligence project that plays chess. Given just the rules of the game, AlphaZero taught itself to play chess to superhuman levels in mere hours using machine-learning techniques.
It stormed onto the chess scene in late 2017 when its operators released the results of a 100-game match with Stockfish, the traditional champion chess engine.
AlphaZero plays chess differently from most computers, possessing an almost-intuitive understanding of the game and handling many positions in a beautiful, human-like manner. Of course, AlphaZero is stronger than any human, but if you played through its games you'd think it had a distinct personality. Maybe it does.
AlphaZero inspired a whole wave of neural-network chess engines, including the international open-source project Lc0, which currently sits second behind Stockfish on the computer ratings list. The machine-learning approach pioneered by AlphaZero transformed the scientific basis of computer chess, and it will be the neural-network engines that evolve the game to its next levels, wherever that may be.
Is AlphaZero American? AlphaZero runs on American TPUs. The project's inventor, the AI company DeepMind, is headquartered in the United Kingdom, but the company has been owned by an American corporation (Google/Alphabet) since before there was an AlphaZero.
If George Washington was born a British subject but can still be considered a founding father of the United States, we can extend that same leeway to AlphaZero, especially on the American day of independence from Great Britain.
Of course, there are many other American chess engines, most of them far stronger than the human players on this list, but here they are collectively represented by the intrepid AlphaZero, which changed computer chess forever.
I'll never forget where I was when I saw this game by AlphaZero against the reigning top computer engine Stockfish, and if you care about the evolution of chess, you might not either.
Who do you think are the top chess players in American history? Let us know in the comments.
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Lockheed: SpaceX’s Dragon can’t go to the moon – Politico
Posted: July 5, 2020 at 10:54 am
With help from Bryan Bender and Connor OBrien
Lockheed Martin pushes back on the claim that SpaceX Dragon could bring astronauts to the moon.
Congress is likely to approve of the Space Forces organization plan, but one expert cautions the structural changes are not enough to speed up acquisition.
The House Armed Services Committee approved amendments to the National Defense Authorization Act that focus on a Space National Guard, partnerships with universities and GPS interference.
WELCOME TO POLITICO SPACE, our must-read briefing on the policies and personalities shaping the new space age in Washington and beyond. Email us at [emailprotected], [emailprotected] or [emailprotected] with tips, pitches and feedback, and find us on Twitter at @jacqklimas, @bryandbender and @dave_brown24. And dont forget to check out POLITICO's astropolitics page for articles, Q&As, opinion and more.
A message from Northrop Grumman:
Space isnt just for exploring. Its an international proving ground and vital for national security. At Northrop Grumman, our work in intelligence, surveillance, communications, and early warning systems ensures America always has the ultimate high ground. Find out more about how were defining possible in space. Learn more
TWO VERY DIFFERENT MISSIONS: A recent op-ed in The Washington Post from a pair of leading space experts proposing that SpaceXs Dragon capsule could be an alternative to take astronauts to the moon clearly struck a nerve at Lockheed Martin, which is building the Orion spacecraft that NASA plans to use for the mission.
Robert Zubrin, founder of the Mars Society and president of Pioneer Astronautics, and Homer Hickam, a career NASA engineer and author, argued that the Dragons recent success in transporting astronauts to the International Space Station has shown that a well-led entrepreneurial team can achieve results that were previously thought to require the efforts of superpowers, and in a small fraction of the time and cost.
But Tony Antonelli, a retired space shuttle pilot and naval aviator who is now the Orion Artemis mission director for Lockheed Martin, says not so fast. A spacecraft is more than a collection of hardware bolted together, he writes in a rejoinder in POLITICO. Low-Earth orbit and deep space exploration are two very different missions.
Spaceflight is a tough business, he explains. When things go sideways in harsh environments, we need backup systems, and backups to those backups, and backups to those. That is more than just redundancy. Its what in the military we call survivability. Dissimilar systems, manual overrides, and layers of options at every turn cant be just bolted onto an existing system.
You cant turn a Prius into a pick-up truck by changing the tires out, Antonelli adds. Its this capability, the ability to handle the unknown unknowns built literally from the ground up, that sets Orion apart as humanitys first exploration class spaceship.
SPACE IN THE NDAA: The House Armed Services Committee on Wednesday adopted a few space-focused amendments during the markup of the fiscal 2021 National Defense Authorization Act.
The chief of space operations must create a plan for the Space Force to establish a university consortium for national space research. The amendment from Rep. Veronica Escobar (D-Texas) would direct the Space Force to brief Congress on the plan no later than Jan. 31, 2021. The Air Force may not transfer any personnel into a Space National Guard unless either the chief of space operations certifies that doing so will not diminish the space capabilities of the Air Force or until the Air Force submits a report to Congress on the plan to establish a reserve component of the Space Force. That report is due Jan. 31, 2021, and troops can begin moving 180 days after that, according to the amendment from Rep. Trent Kelly (R-Miss.) In a swipe at Ligado Networks, the panel adopted an amendment from Rep. Mike Turner (R-Ohio) that would bar the Pentagon from spending money to mitigate GPS interference caused by the company. Instead, the financial burden would fall on the company causing the problems.
SPACE FORCE ORGANIZES: The Space Force will be organized into three major commands in charge of operations, acquisition and training, the new branch announced this week. Space Operations Command and Space Systems Command will both be led by a three-star general, and Space Training and Readiness, or STAR, Command will eventually be led by a two-star general when it is fully established. The Space Force will also establish deltas led by officers in place of the space wings and groups that existed in the Air Force.
What will Congress think? The Space Force will have three layers of bureaucracy commands, deltas and squadrons compared with five layers within the Air Force major commands, numbered Air Forces, wings, groups and squadrons which seems in line with lawmakers mandate to keep the new service lean and agile, according to Joan Johnson-Freese, a professor at the Naval War College. That certainly provides the potential for more organizational efficiency, if the strong natural tendencies of bureaucracies to expand can be resisted, she told us. I am optimistic that the new structure can potentially streamline the internal portion of the process.
But the lean structure wont automatically speed up acquisition, warns Frank Rose, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and former State Department official, who added that broader change across the Pentagon is needed. Unless you fix and streamline DOD acquisition processes and requirements processes, its going to be difficult for the Space Force to overcome the challenges the Air Force had when it was responsible for space acquisition.
TOP TWEET: .@NASA & @SpaceForceDoD have signed an agreement to share data from the USSF Space Surveillance Telescope in Australia with NASA's Planetary Defense program. Together, NASA, USSF, & RAAF will find & track near-Earth objects (NEOs) to be ready for any potential impact threat, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted Monday.
SPACE SUSTAINABILITY SUMMIT GOES VIRTUAL: The government has been issuing new space policy despite the ongoing pandemic. That makes the Secure World Foundation even more committed to holding its annual Space Sustainability Summit in September to unpack all the changes, said Krystal Azelton, the chair of the event.
From the new NOAA commercial remote sensing regulations to the FCCs decision on Ligados operations, its clear that the space world has not ground to a halt because of coronavirus, Azelton said. Launch is happening. The government is still pumping out regulations. We didnt feel comfortable canceling. Our driver has always been to have important conversations.
Some conference speakers will be announced next week, Azelton said. While holding a virtual event has some drawbacks, she said the foundation has had more luck than we expected with senior-level engagement because scheduling has been easier. Its also opened the door for more international participation since travel isnt required.
Our goal has always been to break through silos, she said of driving conversation among the military, civil and commercial space communities. To do that, I need people to participate in more than just the panel theyre interested in. The foundation is also holding an essay competition as a way to increase involvement by students, who are typically invited to the conference to participate and network.
ALSO: The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics announced Wednesday that its ASCEND conference will be fully virtual. The conference, which was originally scheduled for Nov. 16-18 in Las Vegas, will take place about two weeks after the Space Symposium, an international gathering in Colorado Springs that is still expected to be held in person.
INDUSTRY INTEL: Amazon Web Services on Tuesday launched a new Aerospace and Satellite Solutions business segment, which will sell cloud services to government and commercial space customers. The company, which can help customers quickly process and analyze large amounts of data collected in space, will be led by retired Maj. Gen. Clint Crosier, who served as the director of Space Force planning at the new branch just before leaving the Air Force.
The companys first customer will be Capella Space, a San Francisco-based Earth imaging company founded in 2016. The typical process from the initial tasking request for a certain image to the customer actually getting back the image can take multiple days, according to Capella Space CEO Payam Banazadeh. But using the cloud can speed that up so customers get back the information within a couple of hours.
This partnership with AWS is bringing everything to the cloud, Banazadeh told us. What ultimately this means to the customer is now we can do things very, very fast.
QUESTION OF THE WEEK: Congratulations to Ed LaCroix, a trustee of the National Association of Rocketry, for being the first to correctly answer that it took six months for the European Space Agencys Mars Express mission to reach Mars.
This weeks question: On July 4, 2016, NASA put a spacecraft into orbit around which planet?
The first person to email [emailprotected] gets bragging rights and a shoutout in next weeks newsletter!
NASA delays Perseverance rover launch to Mars for the third time: Popular Mechanics
The case for exploring Venus before Mars: Mashable
Astronauts conducted a spacewalk Wednesday to replace lithium ion batteries: CNN
NASA is using artificial intelligence to design its new space suit for the moon: Syfy Wire
NASA invests $51 million in more than 300 small businesses: NASA
The coronavirus pandemic isnt slowing SpaceX down: Ars Technica
Senate panel wants alternative GPS by 2023: Breaking Defense
Northrop Grumman gets $222.5 million contract to support legacy missile warning satellites: C4ISRNET
Americans will be able to see a lunar eclipse this weekend: USA Today
The smell of space is now available as a perfume: Engadget
A message from Northrop Grumman:
Space isnt just for exploring. Its an international proving ground to show off the best of what America has to offer and it is vital for national security. Thats why Northrop Grumman is always pushing the boundaries in space, whether through reliable navigation systems or powerful, integrated C4ISR to give our warfighters the complete picture. Because building and maintaining the very best in intelligence, surveillance, communications, and early warning space systems is what gives America ultimate high ground and thats what we do best. Find out more about how were Defining Possible in space. Learn more
TODAY: The Aerospace Corporation hosts a virtual event on the future of commercial spaceflight.
TUESDAY: Astronauts aboard the International Space Station participate in media events with The New York Times, Fox News and USA Today.
THURSDAY: The Aerospace Corporation hosts a virtual event on cybersecurity in space.
THURSDAY: Astronaut Bob Behnken conducts an educational event from aboard the station for the Artemis Student Challenge.
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SpaceX launches new satellite that will make GPS three times more accurate (eventually) – ZME Science
Posted: at 10:54 am
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite navigation could eventually be subject to a major upgrade as Elon Musks SpaceX has launched a satellite that promises to make GPS three times more accurate. Nevertheless, this doesnt necessarily mean that improvements will be seen overnight.
Usually taken for granted, GPS satellite navigation has become an essential tool for anything from military operations to a road trip. Every GPS device determines its position, navigation and timing information by receiving signals from a constellation of satellites orbiting the Earth 20,000 kilometers away.
The technology already works pretty well already and it feels like its always been there, despite its actually quite new, with the first such satellites launched in 1978 by the United States. Since then, many organizations have been involved in trying to refine it. Now, it was time for SpaceX to join that group.
Earlier this week, a Falcon 9 rocket delivered its first payload for the United States Space Force mission, carrying a state-of-the-art new GPS satellite. The mission sent up the third satellite for the so-called GPS III project, which seeks to upgrade the constellation of GPS satellites currently orbiting the planet.
Your GPS just got slightly better, Musk wrote on Twitter moments after the GPS III satellite was deployed. But thats not actually true since GPS doesnt get better automatically just because SpaceX launched a new satellite into space. Still, when more such satellites are deployed, the improvement should be more visible.
The current GPS technology can narrow down a location within 28 inches (about 71 centimeters). While thats quite an achievement, GPS III technology will narrow that range down even further, offering accuracy within nine inches (about 22 centimeters). Thats almost three times as accurate as now.
Coverage will also improve. This might mean that the dreaded searching for signal message on a cellphone while trying to get to a restaurant or a party could eventually be something of the past. Or maybe even forget about the difficulties of getting a GPS signal when you are in a forested or mountainous region during a hike.
The new satellites have a 15-year lifespan, which is twice as long as the current ones. They can be launched two at once, making them cheaper. And, most importantly, they will be harder to jam. So far, only one of the three that are in orbit is fully operational and the manufacturer Lockheed Martin is now building ten more.
GPS technology essentially uses signals from satellites in the sky to pinpoint the location of a user. A receiver, usually a smartphone, measures how long it took for a given satellites signal to reach Earth and then multiplies the time by the speed of a radio wave to work out the distance.
Nowadays GPS applications arent limited to simple, though widespread, auto-navigation, or as personal mapping; theyre used by manufacturing industries, supply chains, drilling oil, various other logistics, banks, and virtually anything you can imagine. A report warned in 2017 that the world might depend too much on the technology.
While the United States GPS constellation first started in 1978, the US is just one player in this global field. In 1982, the Soviet Union launched GLONASS, or Global Navigation Satellite System, and China followed with Beidou in 2000. Then came the European Space Agency with its first experimental satellite positioning system, Galileo, in 2005.
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SpaceX explosion, the Boston Dynamics Zeus robot in the area: there is also a small house! – InTallaght
Posted: at 10:54 am
Elon Musk and SpaceX never cease to amaze. Today we are dealing with one of those incredible ideas that are probably the fruit of the atypical CEOs mind. Indeed, the company is using a domestic robot (who has a lot of little house) to get help during his tests. Yes, you got it right.
In particular, according to what is reported by the Daily Mail and as you can see in the video published by the LabPadre YouTube channel, following the now-iconic explosion of the Starship SN7 test tank (made specifically to understand its limits), SpaceX has decided to send Zeus, a Boston Dynamics robot, to check for damage. In fact, carefully watching the video in which you see the tank, immediately after the explosion you see a figure moving near the involved area.
Some fans, therefore, wondered what it was, since it almost looked like a dog. Afterwards, the Twitter profile RGVAerialPhotography has published a photo that shows from above the place where SpaceX performed the test. Analyzing the photo, at the top right you can see it a yellow silhouette which refers in all respects to the robots of Boston Dynamics. As previously mentioned, the one used in this context seems to be called Zeus.
By the way, the operator of the Twitter profile Cooper_Hime managed to track down a house for Zeus in the test area of Elon Musks company. In short, there seems to be little doubt as to what the CEO of SpaceX is doing, that is, to use a robot so as not to risk the lives of human employees.
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Are Gyms Safe Right Now? What To Know About COVID-19 Risk While Working Out : Shots – Health News – NPR
Posted: at 10:50 am
Peet Sapsin directs clients inside custom built "Gainz Pods", during his HIIT class, (high intensity interval training), at Sapsins Inspire South Bay Fitness, Redondo Beach, California, Wednesday, June 17, 2020. Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images hide caption
Peet Sapsin directs clients inside custom built "Gainz Pods", during his HIIT class, (high intensity interval training), at Sapsins Inspire South Bay Fitness, Redondo Beach, California, Wednesday, June 17, 2020.
Exercise is good for physical and mental health, but with coronavirus cases surging across the country, exercising indoors with other people could increase your chance of infection. So, as gyms reopen across the country, here are some things to consider before heading for your workout.
Assess your own risk
It starts with you, says Dr. Saadia Griffith-Howard, an infectious disease specialist with Kaiser Permanente.
"You have to make your own assessment of how risky it is based on knowing your medical situation and whether you are someone who's at high risk for an infection," Griffith-Howard says.
People 65 years and older are at higher risk for getting a severe case of COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. So are people with certain underlying health conditions, like diabetes, heart or lung disease, or those who are immunosuppressed.
So if you fall in a high risk category, Griffith-Howard says it may not be worth the risk.
"If it was someone in my family [who was high risk] I would suggest that they not go to a gym," she says.
Consider alternatives for working out
If you want to exercise indoors, it's safer to do it at home, says Doug Reed, an immunologist and aerobiologist at the University of Pittsburgh.
"That's what I'm doing now," he says. "When the weather's nice, I'm jogging outside, but when it's not, I'm doing some weights and stretches and exercise indoors."
Exercise outdoors is a great low-risk alternative, agrees Dr. Nikita Desai, a pulmonologist with the Cleveland Clinic. When you are outside it's easier to control how close you get to other people.
"I would be less worried about the jogger who is running past you for a split second and more worried about the person who's working out next to you without a mask for half an hour," she says.
And the risk of transmission is lower outside than inside, says Joshua Santarpia, a microbiologist who studies biological aerosols at the University of Nebraska Medical Center.
"Outdoors you have sunlight which has been shown to quickly inactivate the virus," he says. And outside airflow and humidity help dilute it.
If you do go: Assess your gym's safety measures
There are things gyms can do to help mitigate the risk of infection, so Griffith-Howard suggests making a checklist before you go.
"Are they taking your temperature?" she asks. "Are you seeing them regularly clean equipment? And are staff and other clients in the gym wearing a mask?"
Official guidance for how gyms should proceed varies state by state. Gyms are not open yet in some states, or open with restrictions in others find your state's restrictions here. Most guidelines suggest limiting capacity to keep the gym from getting crowded, routine disinfection of all equipment including machines and weights before and after use, posting signs to reinforce hygiene and other policies, and all recommend physical distancing.
In fact, that should be the number one thing on your checklist: Is there at least six feet of physical distance between everyone who is working out? Even more would be better. Another tip: Go during off hours when they'll be fewer people.
Some clubs have constructed exercise pods to ensure physical distancing. Others have gone touchless and are encouraging members to use a mobile app to check-in, says Sami Smith, Communications and Public Relations Assistant for the International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association, which has developed guidelines for clubs to use as a reference when planning their reopening.
Stay far apart. Really
This bears repeating stay at least six feet away from other people while you are exercising. And, if people are breathing heavily, "it would be preferable to double that to 12 feet," says Dr. Lou Ann Bruno-Murtha, division chief of infectious diseases at Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Mass.
That's because we don't know exactly how far virus particles travel when people are breathing heavily," says Doug Reed, an immunologist and aerobiologist at the University of Pittsburgh.
"When you are exercising and exerting yourself, you're going to be breathing out and breathing in more than you normally would, he says.
"And so the potential for being infected or spreading the infection would be that much higher," says Reed.
And if you're thinking about taking a group exercise class, think again, says Griffith-Howard, because it can be very difficult to keep six feet apart when moving around quickly.
"You may be breathing harder, people may be coughing, it may be hard to keep on masks," she says. "I would have some concerns about that."
A small study from South Korea looked at coronavirus spread at 12 different sports facilities. It found that infection spread rapidly among high intensity fitness dance classes with up to 22 students. Whereas yoga and pilates classes, with just seven or eight participants and little moving around, saw no spread.
So if you really want to take a group exercise class make sure it's small and that you can maintain a distance of six to 12 feet away from others.
Pay attention to air flow
Steer clear of small gyms and those with little ventilation, says Desai of the Cleveland Clinic.
"Your best bet is going to be a gym that is larger, able to have windows open or have multiple floors or levels to allow for physical distancing," she says.
That's because more space and more air flow dilute the concentration of the virus in the air and likely reduce the risk of transmission.
"If you're strenuously exercising then you're tending to draw in and exhale more air," says aerobiologist Reed.
This is especially important because there's increasing evidence to suggest "that people who are not symptomatic are, in fact, transmitting the infection," says Reed.
In fact levels of the virus found in the nose or throat of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals "can be considerable and are equivalent" to the amount of virus found in individuals with symptoms of coronavirus, he says.
So people who feel well enough to exercise may not realize they are infected, and may be on the weight machine next to you.
Should I wear a mask?
Our experts say it's best wear a mask as much as possible in the gym, including at the front desk, in the locker room and the bathroom and even while doing light exercise. But of course, when you're working out hard and breathing heavily it can be difficult to keep a mask on.
"Physical exercise doesn't lend itself well to the idea of wearing a mask," says Reed, because it can make it harder to breathe.
And while many gyms recommend masks, most don't require them.
"If you're doing aerobic type exercises on an aerobic type machine, you probably are not wearing a mask," says Bruno-Murtha of the Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge.
And even if people don a mask when they enter the gym, Bruno-Murtha still highly recommends maintaining at least a minimum 6-foot physical distance, "because I suspect at some points people may inadvertently remove their mask," she says which can be risky for others.
"Physical exercise is important for your physical and mental health but you still have to be smart," says Bruno-Murtha. "Wearing a mask is part of being smart, along with physical distancing, disinfecting equipment and vigilant hand washing."
Location, location, location
And, finally consider your geographic location. Exercising indoors in hot spots where cases are surging is more risky than in areas with low infection rates says Bruno-Murtha. So check out this color coded tracker to look up the COVID-19 risk in your county, and nearby counties.
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COVID-19 Daily Update 7-3-2020 – 10 AM – West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources
Posted: at 10:50 am
TheWest Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHR)reports as of 10:00 a.m., on July 3, 2020, there have been 179,995 totalconfirmatory laboratory results receivedfor COVID-19, with 3,077 total cases and 93 deaths.
In alignment with updated definitions fromthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the dashboard includes probablecases which are individuals that have symptoms and either serologic (antibody)or epidemiologic (e.g., a link to a confirmed case) evidence of disease, but noconfirmatory test.
CASES PER COUNTY (Case confirmed by lab test/Probable case):Barbour(15/0), Berkeley (444/18), Boone (20/0), Braxton (3/0), Brooke (8/1), Cabell(139/6), Calhoun (2/0), Clay (10/0), Fayette (67/0), Gilmer (13/0), Grant(15/1), Greenbrier (60/0), Hampshire (42/0), Hancock (21/3), Hardy (44/1),Harrison (66/0), Jackson (143/0), Jefferson (230/5), Kanawha (323/9), Lewis(19/1), Lincoln (8/0), Logan (26/0), Marion (61/3), Marshall (40/1), Mason (19/0),McDowell (6/0), Mercer (46/0), Mineral (55/2), Mingo (19/3), Monongalia(181/14), Monroe (13/1), Morgan (19/1), Nicholas (12/1), Ohio (100/1),Pendleton (12/1), Pleasants (4/1), Pocahontas (28/1), Preston (68/15), Putnam(59/1), Raleigh (54/1), Randolph (161/1), Ritchie (2/0), Roane (11/0), Summers(2/0), Taylor (16/1), Tucker (6/0), Tyler (4/0), Upshur (20/1), Wayne (114/1),Wetzel (10/0), Wirt (4/0), Wood (102/8), Wyoming (7/0).
As case surveillance continues at thelocal health department level, it may reveal that those tested in a certaincounty may not be a resident of that county, or even the state as an individualin question may have crossed the state border to be tested.Such is the case of Kanawha County in this report.
Please visit thedashboard at http://www.coronavirus.wv.gov for more information.
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