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Daily Archives: August 6, 2017
PR: InvestFeed Showcases First Version of Cryptocurrency-Based Social Investment Platform – Bitcoin News (press release)
Posted: August 6, 2017 at 2:49 am
This is a paid press release, which contains forward looking statements,and should be treated as advertising or promotional material. Bitcoin.com does not endorse nor support this product/service. Bitcoin.com is not responsible for or liable for any content, accuracy or quality within the press release.
Launch comes mid-TGE and well ahead of product roadmap
New York, NY August 4, 2017 investFeed, the social investment network that dropped equities for cryptocurrency, has rolled out the first version of its new platform midway through its Token Generation Event. The beta, initially scheduled to be released within 90 days of its August 7th TGE close, was fast-tracked to give participants and potential users a taste of the unique cryptocurrency-based marketplace and a first-look at live tickers and weighted average price charts. The New York based tech company made the controversial pivot from equities to cryptocurrency due to repeated requests from their users, as well as the explosive growth of the $100 billion USD cryptocurrency industry. Their Token Generation Event, initiated July 23rd, is designed to help fund the development of the new platform, as well as provide users a utility token for accessing popular investing ideas, peer-to-peer price predictions, investor insights and Boosting or promoting individual content.
CEO of investFeed, Ron Chernesky said, Our development team has been working around the clock to roll out the first version of the platform and it looks beautiful; its like Facebook, cryptocurrency and the Bloomberg Terminal met for the very first time. One of our goals was to give mainstream users a simple, aesthetically pleasing UX and remove the technical barriers and complicated language associated with blockchain and cryptocurrency.
Several months ahead of the technical schedule outlined in their white paper, investFeeds new platform, thanks to a newly formed data partnership with market leaders, Bravenewcoin.com (BNC), now showcases a list of 235 high-performing, highly liquid cryptocurrencies and their associated price tickers, channels, pairings and weighted averages in USD. Users can now start messaging each other, post comments and share cryptocurrency market insights, and soon access buy and sell functionality directly within the platform.
Just like we linked every top online stock trading brokerage to our original platform, we will begin to form relationships with digital asset exchanges so that users can link their accounts on investFeed and make informed decisions, using the most accurate market data possible. The end-goal is to become the one-stop shop for everything cryptocurrency, and unite a growing community in one of the most nascent industries of our generation.
BNCs CEO Fran Strajnar stated Were always excited to see top tier teams build fantastic products and look forward to supplying further value add data and analytics as investFeeds users demand grows.
In the very near future, more features will be unlocked and added to the new investFeed platform, including instant notifications on user-assigned price alerts, as well as alerts on moves made by peers and high performing traders.
Meanwhile, former top advisor to Ethereum and founding advisor to Lisk, Steven Nerayoff has joined investFeeds advisory board. In 2008, Steve Nerayoff founded Maple Ventures, a venture capital firm primarily focused on emerging technologies including blockchain and cryptocurrency, and is one of the most influential and well-respected advisors in the industry.
###
CEO of investFeed Ron Chernesky is available for interview
About investFeed investFeed is the first incentivized next-generation social investment network for cryptocurrencies. Since the companys inception in 2014, investFeed attracted a community of 15,000+ users, with over 200,000 live feeds, sharing market investing insights. Across Q3 2017, investFeed is pivoting from US equities to cryptocurrencies due to both user demand and the extraordinary growth of blockchain based assets. investFeeds new platform allows the cryptocurrency community to establish professional relationships, promote user content and share rewards-based investing ideas. investFeed is conducting a crowd sale from July 23, 2017 to raise capital for the development of the cryptocurrency-specific platform, and to issue FEED tokens to participants.
Press Contact Email Address justin@investFeed.com Supporting Link https://tokensale.investfeed.com/
This is a paid press release. Readers should do their own due diligence before taking any actions related to thepromotedcompanyor any of its affiliates or services. Bitcoin.com is not responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in the press release.
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PR: InvestFeed Showcases First Version of Cryptocurrency-Based Social Investment Platform - Bitcoin News (press release)
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Bitcoin surges above $3K to record, more than tripling this year while ‘bitcoin cash’ struggles – CNBC
Posted: at 2:49 am
Bitcoin leaped more than 16 percent Saturday into record territory, significantly strengthening against its offshoot "bitcoin cash" amid a hack on the new currency's network.
Bitcoin hit an all-time high of $3,360.87 Saturday, according to CoinDesk, before paring its gains slightly to hover near $3,303, with a market capitalization of more than $54 billion.
The digital currency has now more than tripled in value for the year, and gained about 15 percent in the first few days of August. Bitcoin has broken free of the trading range it's held ever since reaching its prior record of $3,025 in mid-June.
Ari Paul, CIO of BlockTower Capital, attributed the gains to a relief rally after a "relatively uneventful" split, as well as new investors buying bitcoin.
"With SegWit activation and the hard fork in the rear view mirror, bitcoin buyers see a smooth road ahead for the next two months," he told CNBC in an email, referring to a more popular upgrade proposal called Segregated Witness.
Another digital currency, ethereum, climbed more than 12 percent to $250 Saturday afternoon, according to CoinDesk.
Bitcoin one-week performance
Source: CoinDesk
On Tuesday, Bitcoin split into bitcoin and bitcoin cash when a minority of developers went ahead with an alternative upgrade proposal. Investors holding bitcoin at the time of the split should have received an equal amount of bitcoin cash, and were able to trade it Tuesday. However, some major exchanges only began accepting bitcoin cash deposits Thursday and Friday.
ViaBTC, the Chinese exchange that's been the main proponent for bitcoin cash, tweeted at 4:03 a.m. that it temporarily suspended withdrawals due to a " transaction malleability attack" on the bitcoin cash network.
ViaBTC tweeted at 8:44 a.m. that it resumed withdrawals.
Bitcoin cash plunged nearly 36 percent Friday, falling about 9 percent to overnight to a low of $212. It recovered slightly to $223 Saturday afternoon, according to CoinMarketCap.
Bitcoin cash 1-week performance
Source: CoinMarketCap
Bitcoin Magazine pointed out Saturday morning that ViaBTC mining activity which creates more of a digital currency for bitcoin cash dropped to a tenth of what it was in the last few days, while most of the mining activity was concentrated on the original bitcoin.
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Bitcoin surges above $3K to record, more than tripling this year while 'bitcoin cash' struggles - CNBC
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Bitcoin Rockets Past $3000 to a New Record High – Fortune
Posted: at 2:49 am
In just four hours of early Saturday trading, the price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin surged over 9% to a new record. At the time of this writing, one Bitcoin is valued at $3,169.90, well above the previous record of $3,000 set in June .
Bitcoin's total market value is now more that $52 billion, according to data from CoinMarketCap, and the return on Bitcoin investments made on January 1 st of this year stands at nearly 220%.
Bitcoin will almost certainly remain a highly volatile asset, but its latest high reflects a major positive development. After years of heated debate over how to increase the Bitcoin networks transaction capacity, major players have finally agreed on a compromise solution known as Segwit2x . That accomplishment is reassuring for those who may have begun to doubt the effectiveness of Bitcoins leaderless governance model .
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The Segwit2x solution also seems to have driven Bitcoin's price higher in a less direct way. On Tuesday, a faction who disagreed with the proposal spun off a so-called fork of Bitcoin, known as Bitcoin Cash , which implemented a different fix. All holders of Bitcoin received matching Bitcoin Cash, which now trades as BCH on exchanges, and has a total current value of $3.75 billion.
However, the price of Bitcoin Cash has declined steadily over the last two days as Bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies have surged. That suggests investors are cashing out of the upstart fork, which has sparse support from miners and exchanges, and pumping their gains back into older, more trusted, and more widely-adopted cryptocurrencies.
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Bitcoin cash and the ‘civil war’ that is disrupting digital currency … – South China Morning Post
Posted: at 2:49 am
A group of Chinese cryptocurrency miners who use special software to solve math problems and get bitcoin in return, were longing for their own version of bitcoin. With a spin-off launched this week, they partially achieved their dream.
On Tuesday night, bitcoin cash, an alternative to blockchain technology-based bitcoin, made its debut. The split derived from a three-year civil war in the polarised bitcoin world over the technical direction in which the de-centralised cryptocurrency is going. Some see it as the inevitable outcome of irreconcilable conflicts between bitcoin developers, who maintain the bitcoin software, and miners, many of whom are based in China and use massive computing powers to generate the coin.
You have this one side, which is saying that we need to keep bitcoin as fast, cheap, and efficient as possible those are kind of people that want to be able to pay for coffee in bitcoin and they want bitcoins transaction speed to be better than [that of] credit cards, said Thomas Glucksman, head of marketing at Gatecoin, a Hong Kong-based bitcoin exchange.
But there is another camp, which is saying this is very early-stage technology. Lets maintain the security of the bitcoin network first, he said.
One of the biggest supporters of bitcoin cash is ViaBTC, a Shenzhen-based bitcoin startup founded in mid-2016 by Yang Haipo, who had worked as a programmer at tech giant Tencent on its cloud service and defunct Tencent Weibo, Chinas answer to Twitter.
Bitcoin bulls on the run, as value charges through the US$2,000 barrier
Yang is a die-hard advocate of turning bitcoin into a global payment system matching the power of conventional systems like Visa by expanding the capacity of a block, where bitcoin transactions are processed, from one megabyte to eight megabytes.
But critics of bitcoin cash, many of whom are bitcoin developers, argued such scaling would require more hardware and computing power and questioned whether the alternative would garner the popularity of bitcoin without confusing investors.
The rift is simply so wide that it led to the split, Yang said. Its a misunderstanding that we created bitcoin cash. But harbouring massive mining power in China does give prominence to our backing.
bitcoin cash, with similar bottom technology to bitcoin but with larger block sizes, can process about 30 transactions per second, four times more than bitcoin, though still a far cry from the thousands of transactions handled by Visa every second.
Today, China controls about 70 per cent of global computing power on bitcoin mining, thanks to cheap labour, hardware and electricity. Miners pooled at ViaBTC have close to six per cent.
Utility costs brought down by industrial overcapacity and a rising bitcoin price have made large-scale mining farms in China profitable and enabled them to elbow out their foreign counterparts in the market. Built near power stations in remote areas such as Xinjiang and Tibet, theses secretive server farms often feature a web of cables connecting thousands of mining machines that work around the clock under controlled cooling.
Bitcoin has been one of the best performing currencies this year, lately trading above US$2,700 per coin. It has attracted the savings of many Chinese investors, as assets with high investment returns remain scarce on the mainland.
Can Chinas central bank mint an answer to bitcoin?
Chinese authorities, meanwhile, keep a wary eye on the digital currency, and the countrys central bank has explicitly banned Chinese financial institutions from accepting bitcoin as a means of value. Meanwhile, the Peoples Bank of China is investing in developing a sovereign digital currency, although limited progress has been made in that endeavour.
When the split started on Tuesday night, bitcoins price plunged 11 per cent within two hours but later rebounded. The price of bitcoin cash has soared as much as 200 per cent to more than US$700 and now stands at around US$300.
The market is still cautious about the spin-offs future, which depends on how many exchanges allow it to trade and whether miners would dedicate their computing power to the new asset. Even in China, only few bitcoin exchanges have supported it in public.
Its also been a tough week for Yang and his team. Haters of bitcoin cash referred to it as B-cash in an attempt to cut its ties from bitcoin. On Thursday night, ViaBTCs website went dark briefly after suffering overwhelming traffic in what is known as a DDoS, or distributed denial of service, attack.
But Yang seemed to have prepared for it long time ago, as he wrote in a heated debate over bitcoin scaling on a Reddit forum thread eight months ago, Were not at all afraid of DDoS attacks. If you want to attack us, bring it on.
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Bitcoin cash and the 'civil war' that is disrupting digital currency ... - South China Morning Post
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Segwit2x and the Tale of Three Bitcoins – Bitcoin News (press release)
Posted: at 2:49 am
As the entire community has been laser-focused on the recent hard fork and Bitcoin network split, many people have forgotten about the Segwit2x plan. Miners who participated in the New York Agreement (NYA) have kept their promise and Segregated Witness will lock-in on the network in roughly two weeks.
Also read:Gwyneth Paltrow Joins Bitcoin Wallet Abra as Advisor
A few more changes are coming to the Bitcoin network in the near future. The Segwit2x plan often referred to as NYA is still following its course towards protocol activation of Segwit. At the time of writing, there are 621 blocks remaining for BIP 141 (Segwit) lock-in, and the plan seems to be running smoothly. The vast majority of miners who agreed to the Segwit2x proposal are still following through with at least half of the plan. The second half of Segwit2x intention involves the 2MB hard fork which is scheduled to occur in November.
However, weeks before the recent hard fork, a large portion of the user-activated soft fork (UASF) supporters, and Core developers have been vehemently opposing the second half of the NYA plan. Now that Bitcoin Cash exists, this has caused quite a few people to start envisioning three bitcoins; one that has Segwit only, one with both Segwit and the 2MB block increase, and the 8MB Bitcoin Cash.
On August 4 one individual wrote about his concerns about this outcome on the subreddit r/btc called, Core Devs: it is imperative that you endorse Segwit2x. If you dont, then we can end up with three Bitcoins. Please, have a little humility, avoid another contentious hard fork.
The person believes that if Core developers and many other others refuse to follow through with the second part of the plan, then there could be another chain split. Doubling the block size of the Bitcoin blockchain is NOT the end of the world, and it will come with many benefits as well, explains the threads author. One of the Core Bitcoin repository contributors, Luke-jr, reveals his opinion regarding the 2MB portion of the NYA plan.
Forget it Segwit2x is not going to happen If you want my support, get the proposal changed to something sane, explains Core developer Luke-jr. Then Luke-jr replied to the statement of how doubling the block size would not be the end of the world. Yes, it is, the developer adds.
Luke-jr is not the only bitcoin developer that wont agree to the next part of the Segwit2x plan. This includes Greg Maxwell, Wladimir van der laan, Jorge Timon, Eric Lombrozo, and many others.
After the birth of Bitcoin Cash, Jeff Garzik, one of the lead maintainers of the Segwit2x code, confirms that Segwit2x is still on schedule. When asked on Twitter whether the compromise was going forward because big blockers got their wish with Bitcoin Cash, Garzik responds saying;
Segwit2x and NYA have successfully met all goals so far, and continue as planned.
After August 1st the playing field is starting to get veryinteresting, and because the UASF and UAHF were planned in advance, many Bitcoiners had a feeling something was going to happen. Quite a few UASF supporters believe the UASF movement is what managed to push Segwit. However, these samesupporters seem to have also caused some blowback as well with the UAHF (Bitcoin Cash) plan following shortly after the movement started.
Now even though Segwit2x has a large majority of miner support and lots of businesses and infrastructure behind it, we could still see another split. Theres over three months left for the Bitcoin community to work this out, but some believe its looking dreary already.
What do you think about the upcoming plans for Segwit2x? Do you think its possible we could see three sets of bitcoins? Let us know in the comments below.
Images via Pixabay, and Coin Dance.
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Segwit2x and the Tale of Three Bitcoins - Bitcoin News (press release)
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Bitcoin Price Surges Past $3,200 to Hit All-Time High – CoinDesk – CoinDesk
Posted: at 2:49 am
The price of bitcoin has risen sharply, exceeding the $3,200 level for the first time on the CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index (BPI).
The market advancebegan after 1:00 UTC, when the price of bitcoin climbed above $2,900, market data shows, crossing the $3,000 line around 3:12 UTC.
Markets hit a high of $3,216.02, according to the BPI, and at press time are currently trading at an average of $3,154.94. Per the BPI, bitcoin's price hasn't been above the $3,000 level since June 12.
The price advance also pushed bitcoins collective market capitalization past the $50 billion mark for the first time. According to the BPI, bitcoins market cap is around $52.35 billion at press time.
As might be expected, market volumes jumped along with the price. Data from Bitcoinity showsmore trade volume during the past several hours than at any other point during the past week.
Hot air balloon imagevia Shutterstock
The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is an independent media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. Have breaking news or a story tip to send to our journalists? Contact us at [emailprotected].
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$90 million solar instrument panel created at CU Boulder headed to … – The Denver Post
Posted: at 2:48 am
A solar instrument panel designed and built by a University of Colorado Boulder lab and considered a key tool to help monitor the planets climate is at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida awaiting a November launch.
The instrument suite is called the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor, or TSIS-1. It will launch on a commercial SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in a Dragon capsule for delivery to the International Space Station.
Once there, it will monitor the total amount of sunlight hitting Earth, as well as how the light is distributed among the ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths.
We need to measure both because both affect Earths climate, said Dong Wu, the TSIS-1 project scientist at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
TSIS-1 was designed and built by CU Boulders Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, or LASP, for NASA Goddard. The contract value to LASP is $90 million and includes the instrument suite and an associated mission ground system.
CU Boulder professor Peter Pilewskie of LASP, lead mission scientist on the project, said TSIS will continue a 39-year record of measuring total solar radiation, the longest continuous climate record from space.
These measurements are vital for understanding the climate system because the sun is the source of virtually all of Earths energy, said Pilewski, also a faculty member in the department of atmospheric and oceanic sciences. How the atmosphere responds to subtle changes in the suns output helps us distinguish between natural and human influences on climate.
Overall satellite measurements of the sun from space have shown that changes in its radiation during periods of both high and low solar activity measure only about 0.1 percent. While scientists believe changes in solar output cannot explain Earths recent warming, a longer data set could reveal greater swings in solar radiation.
One of TSISs two instruments LASPs Spectral Irradiance Monitor will measure how light from the sun is distributed by wavelength and absorbed by different parts of the plants atmosphere and surface.
This is important because measurements of the suns UV radiation are critical to understanding the conditions of Earths protective ozone layer, Pilewski said.
The TSIS instrument suite will be operated remotely from the LASP Space Technology Building in the CU Research Park.
The project involved about 30 scientists and engineers at LASP during its peak, as well as 10 support personnel from Colorado and another 10 people elsewhere, TSIS-1 project manager Brian Boyle said. The mission, slated to run at least five years, also has involved about 15 to 20 CU Boulder undergraduate and graduate students.
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$90 million solar instrument panel created at CU Boulder headed to ... - The Denver Post
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Skywatch: Perseids meteor shower will occur this week – Tulsa World
Posted: at 2:48 am
Sunday: The Big Dipper will be visible in the northwest tonight and is one of the most recognizable star patterns in the night sky. This group of stars is also useful in finding other stars. Imagine the handle of the Dipper as forming part of an arc. Move along the arc to the bright star Arcturus, which the International Space Station passed by a few days ago. Arcturus is one of the brightest stars visible in the sky. From Arcturus, continue along the arc to another bright star known as Spica. The mnemonic device arc to Arcturus and speed on to Spica will help in remembering these two bright stars names and locations.
Monday: The full moon occurs this afternoon at 1:10 p.m. The full moon of August is known as the Sturgeon Moon. This moon was named by fishing tribes because a large number of sturgeons were caught at this time. A partial eclipse of the moon occurs today as well, but will not be visible in the United States. Remember, though, in two weeks the total solar eclipse will occur.
Tuesday: Tonight the planet Jupiter is about 20 degrees above the south-southwest horizon. A telescope aimed at the giant will reveal its four brightest moons all on the western side of the planet. The moons appear as bright stars near the planet and their motion can be apparent when they are observed for several hours.
Wednesday: There are a number of bright passes by International Space Station the rest of the week. Tonight the space station first appears 10 degrees above the northwest horizon at 10:12 p.m. Three minutes later the space station reaches its highest point of 61 degrees above the northern horizon. The ISS will be located halfway between the North Star and the bright star Vega. Also at this point the space station slips into the Earths shadow and disappears.
Thursday: The International Space Station takes a bright northerly track through the sky tonight. The spacecraft starts off in the north-northeast at 9:20 p.m. By 9:23 p.m. the space station has reached its maximum altitude of 35 degrees above the northeast horizon. A minute and a half later the ISS disappears as it enters the shadow of the earth 20 degrees above the eastern horizon.
Friday: The Perseids meteor shower peaks tomorrow afternoon, so the next two nights will be the time to look for them. but the moon will provide some interference. The radiant, or point in the sky where the meteors originate, is in the northern sky in the constellation of Perseus. At 4 a.m. the radiant is 50 degrees above the north-northeast horizon. Since the moon will be out for much of the night, rates of about 40 meteors per hour might be expected.
Saturday: The brightest International Space Station pass was held for the end of the week. Tonight the ISS begins its journey across the sky at 9:11 p.m. 10 degrees above the northwest horizon. The space station then passes through the handle of the Big Dipper and by 9:14 p.m. is directly overhead. As the spacecraft continues across the sky, appearing brighter than any other object visible at this time, it eventually slips into the Earths shadow 20 degrees above the southeast horizon.
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Skywatch: Perseids meteor shower will occur this week - Tulsa World
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Israeli team finds biological basis for rare neurological kids’ disease … – The Jerusalem Post
Posted: at 2:47 am
The secret to healing what ails you lies within your own DNA. (photo credit:DREAMSTIME)
The biological basis of a severe and mysterious neurological disorder in children that is caused by a single error in one gene has been described for the first time by a multinational team led by researchers from Jerusalem.
Just published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, the study was headed by Prof. Orly Elpeleg of the pediatrics department at the Hebrew University of Jerusalems Faculty of Medicine and director of the genetics department at Hadassah- University Medical Center.
Elpeleg credits the discovery to deep sequencing technology that Hadassah and Hebrew U. were among the first to introduce into clinical practice in Israel and in the world.
The team found that affected childrens cells are flooded with ribosomal RNA and are poisoned by it. It was the first time an excess of ribosomal RNA has been linked to a disease in human regression and neurodegeneration.
The disease does not yet have a name.
At first, affected children lead normal lives and seem identical to their age-matched peers.
However, beginning at age three to six, they show neurological deterioration gradually losing motor, cognitive and speech functions. Although the condition progresses slowly, most patients are completely dependent sometime between 15 to 20 years of age.
Working with colleagues from the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and a multinational research team, the Israeli-led team have now identified and studied seven children from Canada, France, Israel, Russia and the US who suffer from the disorder.
The researchers found in all patients the same spontaneously occurring, non-inherited genetic change in a gene, named UBTF, responsible for ribosomal RNA formation.
It is because of this small change that patients cells are flooded with ribosomal RNA.
Ribosomes are responsible for the translation and production of cell proteins. They are made up of ribosomal proteins and of ribosomal RNA in a precise ratio.
The researchers found an identical error in the same gene in all the patients tested, representing a difference of one letter among the roughly three billion that make up human DNA.
By finding the identical change in children with the identical clinical disease, the researchers determined the altered gene was indeed the cause of the disease.
Elpeleg initially encountered the disease in a young girl who came to Hadassah.
Five years ago, I saw a patient who was healthy until the age of three and then experienced a disturbance in her walking and motor function, speech and cognition. Around that time, we had introduced the deep-sequencing technology for clinical use at Hadassah, which enabled us to read all the coding genetic material of a person within a couple of days, in order to identify genetic defects.
Since 2010, Hadassah has assembled the largest genetic mapping database in Israel with around 2,400 patients.
Searching for similar genetic defects in this database, we found a nine-year-old boy who had been treated at Hadassah and now lives in Russia. The boy had been healthy until the age of five and then displayed neurological deterioration just like the girl I had diagnosed, said Elpeleg.
Dr. Simon Edvardson, a pediatric neurologist at Hadassah, flew to Russia, examined the boy, took genetic samples from him and his parents and confirmed that his illness was identical to that of the Israeli girl. We then knew we had identified a new disease that was not recognized in the medical literature, said Elpeleg.
Comparing their data in a program called Gene Matcher, the researchers found several more children around the world who shared an identical genetic defect and the same course of disease.
To understand the mechanism of the newly identified disease, the researchers collaborated with Dr. George-Lucian Moldovan at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine who confirmed the disease mechanism in the childrens cells, there is an excess RNA of the ribosome, which probably causes brain cells to be flooded and poisoned.
While there is currently no cure for genetic diseases of this kind, the identification of the exact mutation may allow for the planning of therapies designed to silence the mutant gene.
Science may not be able to repair the gene, but now that our findings are published, it may be possible to make early identification of the disease and in the future find ways to prevent such a serious deterioration, Elpeleg said.
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DNA, persistence reveal family shocker – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette
Posted: at 2:46 am
Five years ago, Alice Collins Plebuch made a decision that would alter her future or really, her past.
She sent away for a just-for-fun DNA test. When the tube arrived, she spit and spit until she filled it up to the line, and then sent it off in the mail. She wanted to know what she was made of.
Plebuch, now 69, already had a rough idea of what she would find. Her parents, both deceased, were Irish-American Catholics who raised her and her six siblings with church Sundays and ethnic pride. But Plebuch, who had a long-standing interest in science and DNA, wanted to know more about her dad's side of the family. The son of Irish immigrants, Jim Collins had been raised in an orphanage from a young age, and his extended family tree was murky.
After a few weeks during which her saliva was analyzed, she got an email in the summer of 2012 with a link to her results. The report was confounding.
About half of Plebuch's DNA results presented the mixed British Isles bloodline she expected. The other half picked up an unexpected combination of European Jewish, Middle Eastern and Eastern European. Surely someone in the lab had messed up. It was the early days of direct-to-consumer DNA testing, and Ancestry.com's test was new. She wrote the company a nasty letter informing them they'd made a mistake.
But she talked to her sister, and they agreed she should test again. If the information Plebuch was seeing on her computer screen was correct, it posed a fundamental mystery about her very identity.
Popular practice
Over the past five years, as the price of DNA testing kits has dropped and their quality has improved, the phenomenon of recreational genomics has taken off. According to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy, nearly 8 million people worldwide, but mostly in the United States, have tested their DNA through kits, typically costing $99 or less, from such companies as 23andMe, Ancestry.com and Family Tree DNA.
The most popular DNA-deciphering approach, autosomal DNA testing, looks at genetic material inherited from both parents and can be used to connect customers to others in a database who share that material. The results can let you see exactly what stuff you're made from as well as offer the opportunity to find previously unknown relatives.
But DNA testing can also yield surprises.
We see it every day, says CeCe Moore, a genetic genealogist and consultant for the PBS series Finding Your Roots. She runs a 54,000-person Facebook group, DNA Detectives, that helps people unravel their genetic ancestries. You find out that a lot of things are not as they seem, and a lot of families are much more complex than you assume.
Testing others
After the initial shock of her test results, Plebuch wondered whether her mother might have had an affair. Or her grandmother, perhaps? So, she and her sister, Gerry Collins Wiggins, both ordered kits from DNA testing company 23andMe.
As they waited for their results, they wondered. If the Ancestry.com findings were right, it meant one of Plebuch's parents was at least partly Jewish. But which one?
She plunged into online genealogy forums, researching how other people had traced their DNA and educating herself about the science. She and her sister came up with a plan: They would persuade two of their first cousins to get tested their mother's nephew and their father's nephew. If one of those cousins was partly Jewish, they'd know for sure which side of the family was contributing the mysterious heritage. The men agreed. The sisters sent their kits and waited.
Then Plebuch's own 23andMe results came back. They seemed consistent with her earlier Ancestry.com test. She also discovered that her brother Bill had recently taken a 23andMe test. His results were a relief sort of.
No hanky-panky, as Plebuch puts it. They were full siblings, sharing about 50 percent of the relevant DNA, including the same mysterious Jewish ancestry.
Plebuch found a feature on 23andMe's website showing what segments along her chromosomes were associated with Ashkenazi Jews. Comparing her DNA to her brother's, she had a sudden insight. There was a key difference between the images, lurking in the sex chromosomes. Along the X chromosome were blue segments indicating where she had Jewish ancestry, which could theoretically have come from either parent because females inherit one X from each. But males inherit only one X, from their mothers, along with a Y chromosome from their fathers, and when Plebuch looked at her brother's results, darned if Bill's X chromosome wasn't lily white. Clearly, their mother had contributed no Jewish ancestry to her son.
The data from their mom's nephew revealed that he was a full first cousin, as expected sharing about 12.5 percent of his DNA with Plebuch. But the results from her dad's nephew, Pete Nolan, whose mother was Jim Collins' sister, revealed him to be a total stranger, genetically speaking. No overlap whatsoever with Plebuch or, by extension, with her father.
Plebuch and Wiggins came to the stunned conclusion that their dad was somehow not related to his own parents. John and Katie Collins were Irish Catholics, and their son was Jewish.
Surprise twist
If the mystery of their father didn't begin with his parents' life in Ireland, nor with his own time in the orphanage, Plebuch and her sister concluded it must have happened shortly after Jim was born. Unusually for the era, his mother gave birth not at home but at Fordham Hospital in the Bronx.
By this time, the sisters were using techniques to help adoptees try to find relatives in a vast universe of strangers' spit. Every time a site like 23andMe informed them of what Plebuch calls a DNA cousin on their Jewish side someone whose results suggested a likely cousin relationship they would ask to see that person's genome. If the person agreed, the site would reveal any places where their chromosomes overlapped.
The idea, Plebuch explains, was to find patterns in the data. A group of people who share segments on the same chromosome probably share a common ancestor. If Plebuch could find a group of relatives who all shared the same segment, she might be able to use that along with their family trees, family surnames, and ancestors' home towns in the old country to trace a path into her father's biological family.
And yet, the crack in the case came not through Plebuch's squad of helpful DNA cousins, but through a stranger with no genetic connection.
As administrator of Pete Nolan's 23andMe account, she had permission to check the list of his DNA relatives yet rarely did so, since new relatives rarely showed up. But one day in early 2015, she decided to check it. A stranger had just had her saliva processed, and she showed up as a close relative of Nolan.
Plebuch emailed the woman and asked whether she would compare genomes with Nolan. The woman agreed, and Plebuch could see the segments where her cousin and the stranger overlapped. Plebuch thanked her, and asked whether her results were what she expected.
I was actually expecting to be much more Ashkenazi than I am, the woman wrote. Her name was Jessica Benson, a North Carolina resident who had taken the test on a whim, hoping to learn more about her Jewish ethnicity. Instead, she wrote, she had discovered that I am actually Irish, which I had not expected at all.
Plebuch felt chills. She wrote back that her father had been born at Fordham Hospital on Sept.23, 1913. Had anyone in the Benson family been born on that date? Jessica replied that her grandfather, Phillip Benson, might have been born around that date.
She started combing through her list of baby names from the 1913 New York City Birth Index. No Benson born that day in the Bronx. But then, well after midnight, she found it: a Philip Bamson, born Sept.23 one of the names she had searched among her DNA cousins. This had to be Phillip Benson, his name misrecorded on his birth certificate.
This was a mistake that could only have been uncovered with DNA technology. Someone in the hospital back in 1913 had messed up. Somehow, a Jewish child had gone home with an Irish family, and an Irish child had gone home with a Jewish family. And the child who was supposed to be Phillip Benson had instead become Jim Collins.
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DNA, persistence reveal family shocker - Fort Wayne Journal Gazette
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