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Monthly Archives: July 2017
This new virtual reality tool could transform how we design cars – CNN
Posted: July 14, 2017 at 5:14 am
Now, London-based design studio Seymourpowell is hoping to do the same in the automobile sector with a new 3D sketching tool. Wearing an HTC Vive headset, users are able to draw, manipulate and augment car models in virtual reality.
The software is designed to speed up the design process, with adjustments quicker to make than if modeled in Photoshop or in traditional 3D-imaging programs.
Seymourpowell's lead automotive designer, Richard Seale, hopes the tool will bridge the longstanding divide between designers (who are paid to shoot for the stars) and engineers (who are meant to keep them grounded).
"As an engineer, it's very frustrating to (produce) cars with designers, because designers and engineers are typically at loggerheads," he said at the firm's south London studio. "It's the same for designers, (who say) 'I want to do this -- why can't I?'"
The typical design process begins with a meeting -- or three -- followed by concept sketches. Once a design is approved, a clay model is created. After that, a costlier model is used to further refine the design.
This is the point where designers and engineers typically clash. A car shaped like an arrow would be great for keeping aerodynamic drag to a minimum, but it would be impractical and unlikely to meet safety requirements.
Here's where the new software steps in. Put on the VR headset and you are transported to a 3D workspace where the view adjusts to your head movements. The left control stick lets you sketch lines, which can be twisted, moved and manipulated with the right one. You can then jump around your digital surroundings at the press of a button.
With so few functions to worry about -- and because you can see the two controllers as if they were your own virtual hands -- the process is surprisingly intuitive.
"We think that the quicker and easier it is to do something, the more likely you are to do it," Seale explained.
Because cars are typically symmetrical, the software speeds up the design process by mirroring the lines you draw. You can create a full 3D concept vehicle in under an hour.
The software also has a social side that can transform how the design process works. Other team members -- whether designers or engineers -- are able to look at drawings on a monitor and, if they have another headset to hand, make adjustments in real time.
This means that engineering specifications, such as the legally required height of a car's headlights, can be brought into the design process earlier on. Later down the line, surfaces can be applied to show what a car would look like in a certain color or material.
Getting up close to a life-size digital model makes it easier to spot design problems. The headset's perspective can also be adjusted to show the car's inside, allowing designers to assess the driver's visibility.
This all means that designers can come up with designs that are better thought out, which in turn means that they are more likely to be approved (especially if any engineering prerequisites have been met) and may be easier to build. This will ultimately speed up the process and save companies money.
The technology has already been adopted by Ford and Jaguar Land Rover. According to Seale, two more car companies ("major" German and Chinese manufacturers) have expressed interest since the London Motor Show, and the company is already exploring how their technology could be applied to architecture and education.
Seymourpowell plans to spend the next 10 years adding new tools and commercializing the product.
"There are so many possibilities that you want to do everything," Seale said. "In that way, it's brilliant."
Link:
This new virtual reality tool could transform how we design cars - CNN
Posted in Virtual Reality
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Virtual reality heals rehab patients in Phoenix – ABC15 Arizona
Posted: at 5:14 am
PHOENIX - You might think virtual reality is just a pair oversized goggles that gives you access to an exciting, alternate world. But, what if virtual reality had other powers that could heal your body? That question is being answered at Banner Health's University Medicine Rehabilitation Institute right here in Arizona.
Cristina Vazquez was in school to become a nurse. But, on February 7, 2015, everything changed.
"I had a car accident. It was a t-bone," Cristina says.
She suffered a traumatic brain injury which put her in the hospital for months, barely able to open her eyes or even talk.
"I thought I wasn't going to walk ever," she says.
But, therapists at Banner's Rehabilitation Institute had different plans.
"I came here with a wheelchair and they said, oh no, homegirl, you cannot be with the wheelchair," Cristina jokes.
So, they got to work, using virtual reality to help heal Cristina's body. Specifically, the Dynovision machine is used on patients who need to retrain their visual motor coordination.
Cristina's occupational therapist, Holly Jones, explains, "it's looking at her reaction time."
At the same time, it serves as a form of speech therapy for Cristina, who tries to shout out the words she sees on the screen in front of her.
"When a patient has an injury to their brain," Holly explains, "other areas surrounding that damage can re-learn what that damaged area did."
But, that kind of therapy takes a lot of practice and a lot of repetitions, which can be extremely mundane and very frustrating for patients.
"That's where Virtual Reality comes in," Holly says. "It gives us the ability to give the patient something meaningful to do. They can visually see what's going on. They can see the movement in their affected arm. And, it gives them a score, so they know how they're doing and how they're progressing."
Cristina says, "Before, I would just look at people... ugh, I'm never going to do that."
But, with innovative, meaningful therapy, her coordination has improved, her balance is better and her legs are stronger.
"Thank God for the help, because, I don't know, without them, I'd probably still be wheelchair-chilling," Cristina laughs.
Officials at Banner Health say Cristina's story is just one of many incredible stories at the clinic showing how technology is impacting lives.
Their occupational therapists are using Virtual Reality to help a tattoo artist regain their fine motor skills necessary for his craft and assisting another patient with relearning tasks like folding laundry or swinging a golf club.
They also say there is no age-limit for the technology. They've used it for children and patients as old as 89 years old.
Excerpt from:
Virtual reality heals rehab patients in Phoenix - ABC15 Arizona
Posted in Virtual Reality
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Virtual reality gives old fairground rides new purpose – The Economist
Posted: at 5:14 am
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opahu]}~lak{S`eOmUakxcL4xuiSCgQ^/A? ?X`k/p%!w#hd"o^Dy5?O<{xugr`vO;apd%@'otG8=;;$=Ck[ONs?HohTo/r.XDA][Eu$v5*sBuR~0vI w^S"rkrG]O46&Nx_Y>1K[<;wAK.EM5O>]tM|UU?O$|~^!^-f_2jSc/i@X}g=H}5@/~9/ErnOj?2/F)BpCL-_<~X~`)iN.l2oJuwka`>Z._XpN:A;g{p.Xb}QcgWukX8!;pyRU5s.H'h1/0Gx1#E^$c{v%q@<5l~vuQO:9!g=Ksg&X*9l"k/7!_zR#g{_N4jC~-wF .2)e['bS/_z;/F N^}CKzYp?sov>Bo7kA g?azf/ujn~X-ir y9h:4'kcf5KO?[zy.qy|?X~@j$ $(rR=?9z-} QW}52,&?7xz:%gO6) E%]DC\{;1?CtY t?uz{N{D0NT.kn2dg@CS:=>{Ou6-Cwru:(r`OQPw])#Jt}le>WL z.@*%}9~}oLX;MHdztfaJLtw#o nzxZ=>0/=YnszS+o'+t7N)./>Gd{We K`e>}QK='dT{.9 e&w`?ek|"0KXF9^W@&.V&lo`+v9oqe(G!mH)%3wAfV HqA<9OXrzMG;7jl%-=G33 8hMtMM6K*T=7q8}e8u,gn+'ZnZffjyuP+~;.#>Vf4JQ)Z)-9]qe5ph8]nuegE!CX bK[`D6&s }ji qYytOL)/JBjrmQCRCV8;fa!ta]K'x681sFc:?[CPFl4hB?~f@ mtp2rz/Vcav#U`_C~]]~*p O4Ej|$*:Ri)r s?[wyyn+!v-X j|uoA}'w>BP :>Zh"U4SuxYK4~ C09Il:%F7 ahC6LU^:x54xPyVn ac+S ^a 7,8HFy_Y0|onhHs^V`b;*-JrEhfW86n6X u3)+fXv]X R iDfNN0c$U #R.
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Virtual reality gives old fairground rides new purpose - The Economist
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The Beauty Of Virtual Reality – The Good Men Project (blog)
Posted: at 5:14 am
The dynamic principle of fantasy is play, a characteristic also of the child, and as such it appears inconsistent with the principle of serious work. But without this playing with fantasy no creative work has ever yet come to birth. The debt we owe to the play of the imagination is incalculable. Carl Jung
In my research and experiments, I found that the ability to play in another world can offer a person a renewed sense of spirit. Most adults I have talked to about virtual reality commonly have the same reactionthey are not interested in finding out what it is all about. When I talk to teens about it, though, they cannot wait to try it. It makes me wonder why adults are reticent to attempt to play in another world. My findings are that gaming and virtual reality have an underlying stigma that is looked upon as useless or wasting time.
I see playing in virtual reality as an opportunity to play for a short amount of time without any actual backlash. It is meant to be fun, entertaining, and challenging. When used logically and occasionally, I see it as an excellent life tool.
Here are some reasons why virtual reality can be seen as spiritually enlightening:
In the virtual world, you are anonymous
Becoming anonymous on a conscious level can be considered as a useful step on the road to higher self-awareness. Playing in the virtual world creates new ways to access other states of thought that may have been previously veiled.
When you begin to play any game, you jump into another universe and forget about your daily routine in everyday, physical life
Is this a bad thing? Only if you believe it is. Within the virtual world of the game, you can become who you want, you can go to other locations, and can live another lifetemporarily. There are no consequences to your actionsjust the same as imagination. When the game is turned off, and you enter back into your current now, you may be able to see events more clearly with a new approach to problem-solving.
Anonymity can give you a renewed sense of power
The self is first seen in the mind, and then the feeling of novel perception can transfer into physical life. The experience allows you to see your authentic self outside of the virtual reality. In the virtual, there is room for invention and the art of living is discovered.
When playing in the virtual world, the activity is done in real time, and the experience envelops and responds to you. Playing in virtual reality is a sharp contrast to simply reading travel magazines, watching a film, or talking with a person in a physical situation.
The virtual world becomes, then, a new possibility to re-imagine the world, with all of its unconscious processes of control. Looking inwards with the virtual and moving past a controlling system, the experience becomes a form of awareness, and the role of playing in the virtual world becomes self-consciousness.
The bliss of the gameand enjoying yourself for the sake of experiencing a pleasing experience
The virtual world can be seen as enjoyable as, there, a piece of innocence is found. The rebirth that occurs removes the original sense of the ordinary. Now, the game experience is grounded in creative change.
In the virtual space, there are no resentments or doubts
All players are, essentially, on the same page in the virtual world. The interaction is a continual dialogue. The imagination is immediately activated, along with perceptions. This playing can be seen as a new form of training in understanding. The imaginary deals with the capacity to conceptualize images and see how these images reflect on to the self. While it may be uttered that more can be done by way of teaching art and culture, it is imperative to integrate the teachings of awareness coupled with perception and imagination to progress further into the twenty-first century. In my opinion, virtual play is one answer to this long heard call.
Playing in the virtual world lets the mind and body connect with new potential
The experiences within the game offer future modes of learning and becoming more than might currently be realized. While a video game is largely seen as a commoditized object, the transformative power provided is yet unrealized potential. The experiential nature of playing in the game gives you a new sense of fulfillment and optimal hope for what is possible.
When you begin to play, you dive into the newness of the game and experience. You become a being that is immersed with others. In the virtual space, there are no prescribed social spheres, presumed ways of being, or judgments that will affect your character.
By choosing identities and trying out different points of view, you may experience empathy. You can now see the world from a different point of view that may have otherwise never been known. I believe empathy is indeed a step closer to a higher state of self-consciousness.
In all, I find virtual reality to be a great tool to get in touch with ones self. Of course, I would never promote the use of virtual reality every day and all day, but I do think everyone should give it a try occasionallyto truly step into another world.
Do you want to be part of creating a kinder, more inclusive society? Join like-minded individuals in The Good Men Project Community.
Photo Credit: Flickr/Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas, University of Texas at Austin
Im a visual artist, writer, and researcher who teaches and mentors creative people to write clearly and complete their writing projects. I have my Ph.D. in Philosophy, Art Theory, and Aesthetics. My research is on virtual reality and understanding authenticity in the digital world. I have four children, and Im married to an amazing man. I love traveling, being near water, painting, music, and writing. I'm currently working on a book about creativity.
You can connect with me at: twitter.com/jessica_project instagram.com/prettyneatprettyneat jessicamdoyle.com
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Mario Kart becomes the first Nintendo property to come to VR – Ars Technica
Posted: at 5:14 am
It's been nearly a year-and-a-half since Nintendo first said it was "looking into" virtual reality, though we have yet to see any concrete signs of that "look" outside of a vague patent application. Thus, it came down to Nintendo partner Namco Bandai to give the world its first official taste of what a popular Nintendo franchise would look like on a modern virtual reality headset (no, the Virtual Boy does not count).
Apparently, it will look a lot like Mario Kart Arcade GP VR, a title being teased for Japanese arcades in a newly released 30-second trailernow making the rounds. The slickly produced, first-person trailer shows players puttering somewhat slowly down familiar looking track settings (Peach's Castle grounds, Bowser's airship, a Thwomp-filled fortress) while throwing turtle shells and banana peels and even bonking opposing players with a hammer.
Though the trailer is making a big splash today, the game's existence was first revealed a month ago as part of a preview event for Namco's upcoming VR arcade games (an event we seem to have missed amid the bustle of E3). A report from The Japan Times explains and shows a bit more about how the game works, with users sitting in a small kart that bumps and shakes as they drive with an HTC Vive strapped to their heads. Vive trackers strapped to the back of the wrists track players' hands (via rubber gloves) and allow them to grab virtual items out of the air and throw them at opponents with real-world motions. IGN Japan has even more footage of people playing the game(notethe commentary is all in Japanese).
The existence of a new VR Mario Kart doesn't necessarily mean we should expect more Nintendo franchises to show up in VR soon. While the new game is officially licensed by Nintendo, Namco Bandai is taking the lead in the game's development, much as it has with the arcade spin-off Mario Kart Arcade GP series since 2005. Nintendo reportedly had a limited role in designing those previous arcade Kart titles (besides loaning out and approving the treatment of the characters and settings), and it's not clear Nintendo has any direct role in this new virtual reality development at all.
Don't get your hopes up for this new Mario Kart to be widely available outside of Japan, either. For now, Mario Kart Arcade GP VR is being featured exclusively as a central piece of Namco's flagship VR Zone Shinjuku entertainment complex, which is opening this weekend in the popular Tokyo commercial district. The permanent Shinjuku location is a follow-up to last year's VR-focused Project i-Can, a limited-time pop-up arcade Namco Bandai set up for in Tokyo a few months as a "VR entertainment research facility." The new site will also feature experiences based on Dragon Ball Z, Evangelion, and Ghost in the Shell.
Namco Bandai Executive Officer for Amusement Yoshiyasu Horiuchi said in a statement that "the company plans to install their VR activities in over 20 locations worldwide in order to increase the opportunities for a larger audience to enjoy their VR entertainment," leaving the door open for Western locations in the future. At those limited numbers, though, you may have to travel a bit to find the game if and when Namco does decide to expand.
Those who can't make the trip can always try an emulated version of Mario Kart Wii in their Oculus Rift, of course. Or, how about some unofficial augmented reality Super Mario Bros. while you wait?
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Mario Kart becomes the first Nintendo property to come to VR - Ars Technica
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Robots and AI are going to make social inequality even worse, says new report – The Verge
Posted: at 5:14 am
Most economists agree that advances in robotics and AI over the next few decades are likely to lead to significant job losses. But whats less often considered is how these changes could also impact social mobility. A new report from UK charity Sutton Trust explains the danger, noting that unless governments take action, the next wave of automation will dramatically increase inequality within societies, further entrenching the divide between rich and poor.
The are a number of reasons for this, say the reports authors, including the ability of richer individuals to re-train for new jobs; the rising importance of soft skills like communication and confidence; and the reduction in the number of jobs used as stepping stones into professional industries.
Traditionally, jobs like these have been a vehicle for social mobility.
For example, the demand for paralegals and similar professions is likely to be reduced over the coming years as artificial intelligence is trained to handle more administrative tasks. In the UK more than 350,000 paralegals, payroll managers, and bookkeepers could lose their jobs if automated systems can do the same work.
Traditionally, jobs like these have been a vehicle for social mobility, Sutton Trust research manager Carl Cullinane tells The Verge. Cullinane says that for individuals who werent able to attend university or get particular qualifications, semi-administrative jobs are often a way in to professional industries. But because they dont require more advanced skills theyre likely to be vulnerable to automation, he says.
Similarly, as automation reduces the need for administrative skills, other attributes will become more sought after in the workplace. These include so-called soft skills like confidence, motivation, communication, and resilience. Its long established that private schools put a lot of effort into making sure their pupils have those sorts of skills, says Cullinane. And these will become even more important in a crowded labor market.
Re-training for new jobs will also become a crucial skill, and its individuals from wealthier backgrounds that are more able to do so, says the report. This can already be seen in the disparity in terms of post-graduate education, with individuals in the UK with working class or poorer backgrounds far less likely to re-train after university.
The report, which was carried out by the Boston Consulting Group and published this Wednesday, looks specifically at the UK, where it says some 15 million jobs are at risk of automation. But the Sutton Trust says its findings are also relevant to other developed nations, particularly the US, where social mobility is a major problem.
Social mobility is already a big problem in America
One study in 2016 found that America has become significantly less conducive to social mobility over the past few decades. It is increasingly the case that no matter what your educational background is, where you start has become increasingly important for where you end, one of the studys authors, Michael D. Carr, told The Atlantic last year. Another report found that around half of 30-year-olds in the US earn less than their parents at the same age, compared to the 1970s, when almost 90 percent earned more.
Its important to note, though, that there is disagreement about how bad the impact of automation on the job market will be. Some reports have suggested that up to 50 percent of jobs in developed countries are at risk, while others point out that only specific tasks will be automated rather than whole professions. Economists also note that new categories of jobs are likely to be created, although exactly what, and how many, is impossible to accurately predict.
The Sutton Trust report also says that there is some reason to be optimistic about the coming wave of automation, particularly if governments can encourage people to train for STEM professions (those involving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).
From a social mobility perspective there are two important things about the STEM sector, says Cullinane of the UK job market. Firstly, there doesnt seem to be a substantial gap in the income background of people taking STEM related subjects, and secondly, there isnt a resulting pay gap for those who come from different backgrounds. If the STEM sector is going to be the main source of growth over the medium to long term, thats a real opportunity to leverage social mobility there.
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Robots and AI are going to make social inequality even worse, says new report - The Verge
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Testing Microsoft’s new AI for iPhone: Can this app really detect our ages and sense our moods? – GeekWire
Posted: at 5:14 am
Microsoft released a new app called Seeing AI for the iPhone this week. Its billed as a talking camera for the blind, but its also a showcase for the companys artificial intelligence technologies, bringing together several interesting features in one app.
Seeing AI can read short signs, scan barcodes, describe whats in a room, identify people, estimate their ages and genders, and guess their moods.
Pretty cool stuff, at least in theory. So how well does it work? We ran Seeing AI through its paces this week on our Geared Up podcast, and came away impressed with its capabilities.
Watch our hands-on preview of the Seeing AI app above, and listen to this weeks full episode of Geared Up below, starting with a recap and review of Amazon Prime Day. Download the MP3 here, and follow Geared Up viaApple,RSS,YouTube,FacebookorGoogle Play Music.
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Infosys eyes robotics, AI and driverless cars for next round of growth – Economic Times
Posted: at 5:14 am
NEW DELHI: Infosys CEO Vishal Sikka may have given a glimpse of his firm's future plans as it looks to score big on newer technologies to ramp up revenue.
Sikka arrived for the earnings briefing in a driverless car, completey developed by the firm's engineering services in Mysuru. "Who says we can't build transformative technologies," Sikka tweeted.
"The driverless car is kind of the technology we are strongly focussed on. If you go by our numbers, about 10% of our revenue has come from new technoogies, services that did not exist 2 years ago. These are high growth services and that's where our focus will be," Sikka said.
Sikka said the firm's attempt is to create a pool of thousands of engineers with capability to work on projects in artificial intelligence and tap business opportunities.
Autonomous driving is something every automobile company will get into, and we are trying to build talent around this, Sikka said.
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Scarily Realistic AI Video Software Puts Words in Obama’s Mouth – ScienceAlert
Posted: at 5:14 am
Researchers have developed a new tool, powered by artificial intelligence, that can create realistic-looking videos of speech from any audio clip, and they've demoed the tech by synthesising four artificial videos of Barack Obama saying the same lines.
The tool isn't intended to create a flurry of fake news and put false words in people's mouths though it's designed partly as a way to eventually spot forgeries and videos that aren't all they appear to be.
According to the team from the University of Washington, as long as there's an audio source to use, the video can include realistic mouth shapes that are almost perfectly aligned to the words being spoken. Those synthesised shapes can then be grafted onto an existing video of someone talking.
"These type of results have never been shown before," says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Realistic audio-to-video conversion has practical applications like improving video conferencing for meetings, as well as futuristic ones such as being able to hold a conversation with a historical figure in virtual reality."
"This is the kind of breakthrough that will help enable those next steps."
The video synthesising stages. Credit: University of Washington
There are two parts to the system: first a neural network is trained to watch large volumes of videos to recognise which audio sounds match with which mouth shapes. Then the results are mixed with moving images of a specific person, based on previous research into digital modelling carried out at UW.
The tool is impressively good, as you can see from the demo clips (below), but it needs source audio and video files to work from, and can't generate speeches from thin air. In the future, the researchers say, the AI system could be trained using video from messaging apps, and then used to enhance their quality.
"When you watch Skype or Google Hangouts, often the connection is stuttery and low-resolution and really unpleasant, but often the audio is pretty good," says one of the team, Steve Seitz. "So if you could use the audio to produce much higher-quality video, that would be terrific."
When it comes to spotting fake video, the algorithm used here could be reversed to detect clips that have been doctored, according to the researchers.
You can see the tool in action below:
As you might know from video games and animated movies, scientists are working hard to solve the "uncanny valley" problem, where computer-generated video of someone talking looks almost right but still somehow off-putting.
In this case the AI system does all the heavy lifting when it comes to working out mouth shape, chin position, and the other elements needed to make a clip of someone talking look realistic.
Artificial intelligence excels at machine learning problems like this, where masses of data can be analysed to teach computer systems to do something whether that's recognising dogs in an image search or producing natural-looking video.
"There are millions of hours of video that already exist from interviews, video chats, movies, television programs and other sources," says lead researcher Supasorn Suwajanakorn. "And these deep learning algorithms are very data hungry, so it's a good match to do it this way."
It's another slightly scary step forward in the quality of digital fakery, similar to Adobe's Project VoCo, which we saw last year another AI system that can produce new speech out of thin air after studying just 20 minutes of someone talking.
However, this particular neural network has been designed to work with just one individual at a time using authentic audio clips, so you can still trust the footage you see on the news for a while yet.
"We very consciously decided against going down the path of putting other people's words into someone's mouth," says Seitz. "We're simply taking real words that someone spoke and turning them into realistic video of that individual."
The research is being presented at the SIGGRAPH 2017 computer graphics conference and you can read the paper here.
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What an artificial intelligence researcher fears about AI – San Francisco Chronicle
Posted: at 5:13 am
(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.)
Arend Hintze, Michigan State University
(THE CONVERSATION) As an artificial intelligence researcher, I often come across the idea that many people are afraid of what AI might bring. Its perhaps unsurprising, given both history and the entertainment industry, that we might be afraid of a cybernetic takeover that forces us to live locked away, Matrix-like, as some sort of human battery.
And yet it is hard for me to look up from the evolutionary computer models I use to develop AI, to think about how the innocent virtual creatures on my screen might become the monsters of the future. Might I become the destroyer of worlds, as Oppenheimer lamented after spearheading the construction of the first nuclear bomb?
I would take the fame, I suppose, but perhaps the critics are right. Maybe I shouldnt avoid asking: As an AI expert, what do I fear about artificial intelligence?
The HAL 9000 computer, dreamed up by science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke and brought to life by movie director Stanley Kubrick in 2001: A Space Odyssey, is a good example of a system that fails because of unintended consequences. In many complex systems the RMS Titanic, NASAs space shuttle, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant engineers layer many different components together. The designers may have known well how each element worked individually, but didnt know enough about how they all worked together.
That resulted in systems that could never be completely understood, and could fail in unpredictable ways. In each disaster sinking a ship, blowing up two shuttles and spreading radioactive contamination across Europe and Asia a set of relatively small failures combined together to create a catastrophe.
I can see how we could fall into the same trap in AI research. We look at the latest research from cognitive science, translate that into an algorithm and add it to an existing system. We try to engineer AI without understanding intelligence or cognition first.
Systems like IBMs Watson and Googles Alpha equip artificial neural networks with enormous computing power, and accomplish impressive feats. But if these machines make mistakes, they lose on Jeopardy! or dont defeat a Go master. These are not world-changing consequences; indeed, the worst that might happen to a regular person as a result is losing some money betting on their success.
But as AI designs get even more complex and computer processors even faster, their skills will improve. That will lead us to give them more responsibility, even as the risk of unintended consequences rises. We know that to err is human, so it is likely impossible for us to create a truly safe system.
Im not very concerned about unintended consequences in the types of AI I am developing, using an approach called neuroevolution. I create virtual environments and evolve digital creatures and their brains to solve increasingly complex tasks. The creatures performance is evaluated; those that perform the best are selected to reproduce, making the next generation. Over many generations these machine-creatures evolve cognitive abilities.
Right now we are taking baby steps to evolve machines that can do simple navigation tasks, make simple decisions, or remember a couple of bits. But soon we will evolve machines that can execute more complex tasks and have much better general intelligence. Ultimately we hope to create human-level intelligence.
Along the way, we will find and eliminate errors and problems through the process of evolution. With each generation, the machines get better at handling the errors that occurred in previous generations. That increases the chances that well find unintended consequences in simulation, which can be eliminated before they ever enter the real world.
Another possibility thats farther down the line is using evolution to influence the ethics of artificial intelligence systems. Its likely that human ethics and morals, such as trustworthiness and altruism, are a result of our evolution and factor in its continuation. We could set up our virtual environments to give evolutionary advantages to machines that demonstrate kindness, honesty and empathy. This might be a way to ensure that we develop more obedient servants or trustworthy companions and fewer ruthless killer robots.
While neuroevolution might reduce the likelihood of unintended consequences, it doesnt prevent misuse. But that is a moral question, not a scientific one. As a scientist, I must follow my obligation to the truth, reporting what I find in my experiments, whether I like the results or not. My focus is not on determining whether I like or approve of something; it matters only that I can unveil it.
Being a scientist doesnt absolve me of my humanity, though. I must, at some level, reconnect with my hopes and fears. As a moral and political being, I have to consider the potential implications of my work and its potential effects on society.
As researchers, and as a society, we have not yet come up with a clear idea of what we want AI to do or become. In part, of course, this is because we dont yet know what its capable of. But we do need to decide what the desired outcome of advanced AI is.
One big area people are paying attention to is employment. Robots are already doing physical work like welding car parts together. One day soon they may also do cognitive tasks we once thought were uniquely human. Self-driving cars could replace taxi drivers; self-flying planes could replace pilots.
Instead of getting medical aid in an emergency room staffed by potentially overtired doctors, patients could get an examination and diagnosis from an expert system with instant access to all medical knowledge ever collected and get surgery performed by a tireless robot with a perfectly steady hand. Legal advice could come from an all-knowing legal database; investment advice could come from a market-prediction system.
Perhaps one day, all human jobs will be done by machines. Even my own job could be done faster, by a large number of machines tirelessly researching how to make even smarter machines.
In our current society, automation pushes people out of jobs, making the people who own the machines richer and everyone else poorer. That is not a scientific issue; it is a political and socioeconomic problem that we as a society must solve. My research will not change that, though my political self together with the rest of humanity may be able to create circumstances in which AI becomes broadly beneficial instead of increasing the discrepancy between the one percent and the rest of us.
There is one last fear, embodied by HAL 9000, the Terminator and any number of other fictional superintelligences: If AI keeps improving until it surpasses human intelligence, will a superintelligence system (or more than one of them) find it no longer needs humans? How will we justify our existence in the face of a superintelligence that can do things humans could never do? Can we avoid being wiped off the face of the Earth by machines we helped create?
The key question in this scenario is: Why should a superintelligence keep us around?
I would argue that I am a good person who might have even helped to bring about the superintelligence itself. I would appeal to the compassion and empathy that the superintelligence has to keep me, a compassionate and empathetic person, alive. I would also argue that diversity has a value all in itself, and that the universe is so ridiculously large that humankinds existence in it probably doesnt matter at all.
But I do not speak for all humankind, and I find it hard to make a compelling argument for all of us. When I take a sharp look at us all together, there is a lot wrong: We hate each other. We wage war on each other. We do not distribute food, knowledge or medical aid equally. We pollute the planet. There are many good things in the world, but all the bad weakens our argument for being allowed to exist.
Fortunately, we need not justify our existence quite yet. We have some time somewhere between 50 and 250 years, depending on how fast AI develops. As a species we can come together and come up with a good answer for why a superintelligence shouldnt just wipe us out. But that will be hard: Saying we embrace diversity and actually doing it are two different things as are saying we want to save the planet and successfully doing so.
We all, individually and as a society, need to prepare for that nightmare scenario, using the time we have left to demonstrate why our creations should let us continue to exist. Or we can decide to believe that it will never happen, and stop worrying altogether. But regardless of the physical threats superintelligences may present, they also pose a political and economic danger. If we dont find a way to distribute our wealth better, we will have fueled capitalism with artificial intelligence laborers serving only very few who possess all the means of production.
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article here: http://theconversation.com/what-an-artificial-intelligence-researcher-fears-about-ai-78655.
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