Monthly Archives: July 2017

Basic Assumptions of Physics Might Require the Future to Influence … – Gizmodo

Posted: July 14, 2017 at 5:43 am

One of the most well-accepted physical theories makes no logical sense. Quantum mechanics, the theory that governs the smallest possible spaces, forces our human brains to accept some really wacky, uncomfortable realities. Maybe we live in a world where certain observations can force our universe to branch into multiple ones. Or maybe actions in the present influence things earlier in time.

A team of physicists did some thinking, and realized this latter idea, called retrocausality, is a consequence of certain interpretations of quantum mechanics, and therefore, certain interpretations of the nature of reality. Their new paper is more of a what-if, an initial look at how to make some of those quantum mechanical interpretations work. Some people I asked thought the work was important, some thought it didnt matter. Others felt their own interpretation of quantum mechanics avoids the problems posed by the new paper. But no matter what, quantum mechanics will force us to make some uncomfortable conclusions about the world.

The foundations of quantum theory are very controversial. We all agree how to use the theory but theres no consensus about the reality it gives us, study author Matthew Leifer from Chapman University told Gizmodo. This is an unusual situation for a theory in physics, since other theories are mostly based on intuitive things we can see and test. Quantum mechanics math, and its predictions, describe the world perfectly, but its sort of impossible to fully grasp whats actually happening beyond the equations.

Quantum mechanics starts with the observation that at the smallest scale, stuff, whether it be light or a piece of an atom, can act simultaneously like a wave and a particle. That means that scientists deal with some level of probability when it comes to tiny things. Send one electron through a pair of parallel slits in a barrier, and youll see it hit the wall behind the barrier like a dot. But if you send many electrons, youll see a striped pattern as if they traveled like a light wave. You cant predict exactly where one electron will hit, but you can create a list of the most likely spots.

Trouble is, describing particles with probabilities leads to some messy stuff. If you have two particles interacting and ones innate physical properties relies on the others, then their associated probabilities, and therefore their identities, are intertwined. As an example, lets say there are two bags, and each has one of two balls, red or green. You give a bag to your friend. Quantum mechanics only gives the probabilities that your bag contains either ball color, and thats all you know before making the observation. At human scales, each bag already contains a red or green ball. But on the particle scale, quantum mechanics says both balls are red and green at the same timeuntil you look.

Thats weird on its own, but it gets worse. If you look at your ball, the other ball automatically takes on the other color. How does the other ball know that you looked? Maybe there is hidden physics, or faster-than-light travel that allows the information to be communicated. One popular interpretation is that we live in a multiverse. In that case, the probabilities dont say anything about the ball, but about which universe we live in. Seeing a certain ball color just means that youre in the universe where your bag had the green ball. In the other universe, you saw a red ball.

Quantum mechanics is weird as hell, where the rules of the world you experience dont apply. Even

So, researchers want to know which of these interpretations is correct. In their new paper, they specifically tackled cases where observing the first ball directly influences the ball in the other bag, through some form of communication. At first glance, this requires information to travel faster than the speed of light. And that sucks, because theres already a theory that says nothing can travel faster than light. But thats okay, say the researchers, if things can influence other things back in time. Forwards in time, Id look at my red ball, then your bag would mysteriously contain a green ball. The retrocausality case says that backwards in time, we already know both ball colors, and my ball must be red because you already knew your ball was green. Then, the balls go hidden into the bag where they become red and green simultaneously. Basically, in this case, you cant run an experiment where you can control for the effects the future has on the past.

This idea of events in the present influencing things in the past is a mathematical consequence of a pair of the authors assumptions. The first assumption is that quantum mechanics should satisfy their definition of time-symmetry, like lots of other physics theories. That means that particles should behave the same way both forward and played in reversea billiard ball hitting a stationary ball looks the same no matter how you play the tape. The theory should also be real, as Leifer says. This means that the particles are more than a list of numbers, but are instead actual things that behave the same yesterday as they will tomorrow, and have properties that are innate, whether or not the experimenter is able to observe them.

Add the math, and according to the new paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A this past week, boom. If you want your theory to be time symmetric, and work the same every day, retrocausality is required.

Most would say this is horrible, of course. If things can influence other things in the past, then who cares about all of science? Why test something at all if the result could be causing the cause? Leifer does offer a solutiona sort of block universe, where events in space and time dont cause one another, but instead fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. But this idea hasnt been developed into a mathematical theory, yet.

Basically, if retrocausality is true, then cause-and-effect is an illusion due to the fact that humans only see things in one direction. The paper is only dealing in what-ifs here, and doesnt get into the specifics of how this effect would manifest, aside from in experiments. But the effect would be built into the very fabric of the universe.

Some physicists didnt find this idea compelling. Christopher Fuchs from the University of Massachusetts, Boston told me that these so-called block universes are neither living nor forced nor momentous for me. He takes these terms from the philosopher William James, and means that the hypothesis doesnt sound like a genuine possibility. It doesnt force him to make a decision one way or the other, and essentially, it isnt groundbreaking. In my mind a far more viable path has already been blazed through very different considerations, treating the observer of the universe as the most important agent, and sort of avoiding the impossible-to-observe.

Physicist Sean Carroll from CalTech thought the new paper was interesting, but he happens to like the already-strange many worlds theory, that says different results manifest in different universes described under the same probabilistic description. Thats the one where, in the red/green ball case, there are actually two universes, one where I saw the red ball and one where I saw the green ball. It is perfectly time-symmetric and reversible under the conventional definitions, he said. And it certainly doesnt require retrocausality. So as usual, if you are willing to take seriously the many worlds inside the wave function... much less weirdness is implied by quantum mechanics in other ways. Essentially, hes willing to trade the weirdness of retrocausality for the weirdness of many worlds.

But another expert I spoke with was far more forgiving, and instead thought of this work as an important go/no-go idea for this line of thinking. This paper makes a mathematical statement around retrocausality, said Renato Renner from ETH Zurich in Switzerland. It says maybe we need it if we want time symmetry, a theory that still works if you play the physics in reverse.He thought this paper was one of the first pieces of research make such a well-defined statement about that concept.

So now, researchers have sat and wracked their brains about a solution to a problem that only arises if they assume certain things about the worldin other words, its a new idea, its only a requirement of the universe if you assume certain other things, and its kind of fringe. But as of now, no matter how you want to understand the fabric of the universe, youre going to need to accept something that feels ridiculous, be it a multiverse, faster-than-light communication, or maybe even a world where the future influences the past.

Theres a substantial group of people trying to understand the question of whats really going on, and can we construct a theory based on stuff that really exists out there, said Leifer. The more different approaches we can think of and try out the better.

[Proceedings of the Royal Society A]

Continue reading here:

Basic Assumptions of Physics Might Require the Future to Influence ... - Gizmodo

Posted in Quantum Physics | Comments Off on Basic Assumptions of Physics Might Require the Future to Influence … – Gizmodo

A New Quantum Theory Predicts That the Future Could Be Influencing the Past – Big Think

Posted: at 5:43 am

Quantum physics has spawned its share of strange ideas and hard-to-grasp concepts - from Einsteins spooky action at a distance to the adventures of Shroedingers cat. Now a new study lends support to another mind-bender - the idea of retrocausality, which basically proposes that the future can influence the past and the effect, in essence, happens before the cause.

At this point, retrocausality does not mean that you get to send signals from the future to the past - rather that an experimenters measurement of a particle can influence the properties of that particle in the past, even before making their choice.

The new paper argues that retrocausality could be a part of quantum theory. The scientists expound on the more traditionally accepted concept of time symmetry and show that if that is true, then so should be retrocausality. Time symmetry says that physical processes can run forward and backwards in time while being subject to the same physical laws.

The scientists describe an experiment where time symmetry would require processes to have the same probabilities, whether they go backwards or forward in time. But that would cause a contradiction if there was no retrocausality, as it requires these processes to have different probabilities. What the paper shows is that you cant have both concepts be true at the same time.

Eliminating time symmetry would also get rid of some other sticky problems of quantum physics, like Einsteins discomfort with entanglement which he described as spooky action at a distance. He saw challenges to quantum theory in the idea that entangled or connected particles could instantly affect each other even at large distances. In fact, accepting retrocausality could allow for a reinterpretation of Bell tests that were used to show evidence of spooky action. Instead, the tests could be supporting retrocausailty.

The paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, was authored by Matthew S. Leifer at Chapman University in California and Matthew F. Pusey at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Ontario. The scientists hope their work can lead towards a fuller understanding of quantum theory.

"The reason I think that retrocausality is worth investigating is that we now have a slew of no-go results about realist interpretations of quantum theory, including Bell's theorem, Kochen-Specker, and recent proofs of the reality of the quantum state," said Leifer to Phys.org. "These say that any interpretation that fits into the standard framework for realist interpretations must have features that I would regard as undesirable. Therefore, the only options seem to be to abandon realism or to break out of the standard realist framework.

george-musser-explains-spooky-action

Are we going to have time travel as a result of this? In one idea proposed by Richard Feynman,existence of retrocausality could mean that positrons,antimatter counterparts of electrons, would move backwards in time so that they could have a positive charge. If this was proven to be true, time travel could involve simply changing the direction of moving particles in the single dimension of time.

Leifer doesnt go as far as time travel in his explanation, but speculates that if retrocausality does exist in the universe, then there could be evidence of it in the cosmological data, saying that there are certain eras, perhaps near the big bang, in which there is not a definite arrow of causality.

Is this idea ready for the big time? It is supported by Huw Price, a philosophy professor at the University of Cambridge who focuses on the physics of time and is a leading advocate of retrocausality. Leifer and Pusey are taking things in stride, however, realizing that much more work needs to be done.

"There is not, to my knowledge, a generally agreed upon interpretation of quantum theory that recovers the whole theory and exploits this idea. It is more of an idea for an interpretation at the moment, so I think that other physicists are rightly skeptical, and the onus is on us to flesh out the idea, said Leifer.

There are no experiments underway by the physicists to test their theory, but they hope this work will question the assumptions of quantum mechanics and lead to new discoveries down the line.

You can read the study here.

Continue reading here:

A New Quantum Theory Predicts That the Future Could Be Influencing the Past - Big Think

Posted in Quantum Physics | Comments Off on A New Quantum Theory Predicts That the Future Could Be Influencing the Past – Big Think

Donald Trump is not the only unpredictable leader in Paris today – CNN

Posted: at 5:43 am

The leaders appeared downright chummy during a joint press conference on Thursday in Paris, mostly skipping by their political differences and focusing on shared priorities like Syria, terrorism and what Macron described as "free and fair trade."

"Thank you for the tour of some of the most incredible buildings anywhere in the world," Trump said as he began his own remarks. "It was a very, very beautiful thing to see."

When asked about Trump's decision to pull the US out of the Paris climate deal, Macron soberly reiterated his own position, but didn't press or attempt to publicly shame his counterpart. The schism on that issue would "absolutely not" prevent France and the US from working together on other matters, he assured, turning kindly in his Trump's direction.

Trump was clearly charmed, echoing Macron's declaration of "friendship" before enthusing at the prospect of a shared dinner later on at the Eiffel Tower. Of the climate deal, he offered: "Something could happen with respect to the Paris accord, we'll see what happens. But we will talk about that over the coming period of time and if it happens, that would be wonderful and if it doesn't that will be OK too."

Perhaps it was all a bit of stagecraft. No one expects Trump to seriously reconsider his position on the climate pact. More instructive here were Macron's machinations. In a country where leaders prove themselves in their dealings with Europe, the new president stands to gain influence at home if he proves capable of influencing Trump where others, like German Chancellor Angela Merkel, could not.

The prospect is less of a stretch than it might seem on paper.

Macron entered office this year under ostensibly different circumstances than Trump. But like the President, he pitched voters on a demolition of the status quo and a French take on Trump's promise to "drain the swamp." Macron also upended the traditional partisan hierarchy in France. Though he served as a minister in his predecessor's French Socialist government, he rules now under the banner of his own centrist party, "En Marche!" Trump, though he came to power as a Republican and governs alongside them, sold himself as a right-wing populist. The fiscal conservatism championed by Republicans like House Speaker Paul Ryan was, at least during the campaign, very much an afterthought.

The parallels and similarities have some fairly strict limits. Trump is a nationalist. Macron is a proud globalist who came to power by routing the far-right nationalist Marine Le Pen. Trump prefers bilateral diplomacy. He cheered Brexit. He wants to share a private dinner, not a microphone with dozens of world leaders. Macron believes in a robust European Union and has been among the President's foremost critics on climate change policy. Temperamentally, they are also opposites. The handshake drama is resonant, to a point, because it provides a neat example of their respective preoccupations with personal power dynamics.

But unlike Trump, who has repeatedly expressed doubts over Russia's meddling in the 2016 US election, Macron has been less circumspect on the question. He earned applause among Democrats when he skewered Russian state-owned media during a joint press conference with Vladimir Putin.

Contrast that with Trump's own meeting with Putin, after which where was no press conference. What exactly was said between Trump and Putin when the American president "pressed" the Russian one on the issue of election meddling, remains the subject of debate between their two camps.

But over the past six weeks, Macron has made waves with a handful of less easily categorized remarks and public observations.

In an address to parliament 10 days ago, he shared plans to bypass lawmakers -- whose ranks he suggesting cutting by a third -- if they slowed or opposed his agenda.

"I want all these deep reforms that our institutions seriously need to be done within a year," he said. "These reforms will go to parliament but, if necessary, I will put them to voters in a referendum."

Those comments, and Macron's tweaks to what top White House adviser Steve Bannon might call the "administrative state" didn't go unnoticed by the President's team. Turning to his French counterpart with a smile on Thursday, Trump cheered Macron's "courageous call for that less bureaucracy. It's a good chant, less bureaucracy. We can use it too."

Macron offered his July 3 remarks at the Palace of Versailles, the 17th century home of the "Sun King," Louis XIV. While past French leaders have used the venue in times of crisis, Macron chose it as a backdrop -- ominously so, critics said -- for what amounted to a policy speech.

And while that might seem at odds with Trump and his hyperactive social media presence, the leaders seem to share a low opinion of the news media covering their administrations.

Trump could only be impressed.

Continued here:

Donald Trump is not the only unpredictable leader in Paris today - CNN

Posted in Donald Trump | Comments Off on Donald Trump is not the only unpredictable leader in Paris today – CNN

What exactly is going on with Donald Trump Jr.? – Washington Post

Posted: at 5:43 am

President Trump spoke at a news conference in Paris on July 13 and defended Donald Trump Jr.'s meeting with a Russian lawyer. (The Washington Post)

In this occasional series, we will bring you up to speed on the biggest national security stories of the week.

Another bombshell in the growing scandal surrounding PresidentTrump and Russia landed earlythis week. On Tuesday, the presidents son Donald Trump Jr.released anemail exchange withhim and and a publicist who told him that a Russian lawyer could provide the Trump campaign with potentially damaging information about Hillary Clintonthatwas part of Russia and its governments support for Mr. Trump.

The New York Times first reported over the weekendthat Trump Jr. met with Natalia Veselnitskaya, a Russian lawyer, at Trump Tower in 2016. Then-campaign manager Paul Manafort and Trumps son-in-law, Jared Kushner, were present, as well. The president has defended his son, calling him a wonderful young man and a good boy.

Here is everything you need to know about this fast-moving story:

Who are thenew key players?

Rob Goldstone, a British music publicist for Russian pop star Emin Agalarov.Goldstone is encouraged by Agalarov to arrange a meeting between the Russian lawyer and Trump Jr., according to the emails. He sends an email to Trump Jr. in June 2016 saying that the information the Russian lawyer could provide would be interesting to Trump. The exact line in his email reads: This is obviously very high level and sensitive information but is part of Russia and its governments support for Mr. Trump.

Natalia Veselnitskaya, a Russian lawyer.Veselnitskaya was first described in Goldstones email as a Russian government lawyer. AlthoughVeselnitskaya worked in a local prosecutors office in Russia, she said she does not work for the Kremlin. In an interview with The Washington Post, Veselnitskaya defended herself by saying no one tasked her with meeting Trump Jr. and that the story is nonsense. She has also advocated for lifting economic sanctions against Russia imposed by Congress. The Kremlin has denied knowing her.

Emin Agalarov, the Russian pop star, son of real estate developerAras Agalarov. TheAgalarovsfirst met Trump in 2013, when they helped Trump bring the Miss Universe pageant to Moscow. Trump even appeared inone of the music videos by the younger Agalarov. His father tried to set up a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Trump, but it never transpired.

What was actually discussed in the meeting?

Trump Jr. said the meeting with the Russian lawyer didnt result in anything useful.

In his official statementconcerning the meeting, Trump Jr. saidVeselnitskaya made no sense and thatshe changed the topic to discuss the American adoptions of Russians and the Magnitsky Act, the piece of U.S. legislation she has been working to overturn. The law is seen as the firstgateway to lift what Moscow considers are punishingU.S. sanctions placed on Russia for its intervention in Ukraine.

Veselnitskaya told The Post that even from the start of the meeting, it was clear we were talking about two different things. In all, Trump said the meeting lasted about 20 to 30 minutes.

So why is this a big deal?

After months of speculation whether the Trump campaign colluded with Russia to win the presidential race, the emails offera stark example of thecampaign seeming eager to receive information from the Kremlin about its political opponent.

Most ethics lawyers agree that it is very unusual that a foreign government would provide this kind of informationon a rival candidate.

Typically, the research comes from scrubbing public records andlegislative histories.

Did Trump Jr. break the law?

Not necessarily, because it depends whether what Trump was offered would be considered a thing of value. U.S. law states it isillegal for campaigns to solicit or accept contributions from foreign nationals or foreign governments. The Post's David A. Fahrenthold explains: What Trump Jr. was offered might be considered a thing of value, if the information he was seeking had cost someone money to produce or if it was something that a campaign might have paid for.

Trump Jr. maintains his meeting did not produce any value.

What could Trump Jr.have done instead?

Some say the campaign should have called the FBI. During the 2000 presidential debate,Vice President Al Gores staff received a package containing stolen materials fromGeorge W. Bushs campaign. The Gore campaign contacted the bureau.

Read more:

What exactly is going on with Donald Trump Jr.? - Washington Post

Posted in Donald Trump | Comments Off on What exactly is going on with Donald Trump Jr.? – Washington Post

Donald Trump is wrong. When Democrats were offered secret help by the Soviets, they refused. – Washington Post

Posted: at 5:43 am

By Richard A. Moss By Richard A. Moss July 13 at 11:47 AM

Donald Trump Jr. appeared on Fox News's "Hannity" on July 11 to defend his meeting with a Russian lawyer during the 2016 presidential campaign, and his father jumped to his defense on Twitter. (Amber Ferguson,Jenny Starrs/The Washington Post)

Yesterday, President Trump suggested in a Reuters interview that there wasnt anything surprising or wrong about his sons enthusiasm for learning secrets that he had been told were part of a Russian effort to help Trumps presidential campaign. He said:

I think many people would have held that meeting. Most of the phony politicians who are Democrats who I watched over the last couple of days most of those phonies that act holier-than-thou, if the same thing happened to them, they would have taken that meeting in a heartbeat.

Trump is right that foreign powers have tried to influence U.S. politicians in the past. Foreign powers have many ways to exercise influence in representative democracies. Some of these may be public, and others surreptitious. 2016 certainly wasnt the first time the Kremlin tried to influence a U.S. election, and Moscow is by no means alone in attempting to sway U.S. politics. However, these efforts have worked in complicated ways, andAmerican politicians have not been as quick to accept their help as Trump suggests.

Russia tried and failed to support the Democrats in 1968

In 1968, Moscow feared that the staunchly anti-communist Richard M. Nixon would be elected. To forestall that, the Kremlin decided to reach out to Vice President and Democratic presidential candidate Hubert H. Humphrey. As Anatoly Dobrynin, the Soviet ambassador to the United States from John F. Kennedy to Ronald Reagan, revealed in his memoir,In Confidence, two decades ago: The top Soviet leaders took an extraordinary step, unprecedented in the history of Soviet-American relations, by secretly offering Humphrey any conceivable help in his election campaign including financial aid. Dobrynin explained:

I received a top-secret instruction to that effect from [Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei] Gromyko personally and did my utmost to dissuade him from embarking on such a dangerous venture, which if discovered certainly would have backfired and ensured Humphreys defeat, to say nothing of the real trouble it would have caused for Soviet-American relations. Gromyko answered laconically, There is a decision, you carry it out.

The opportunity soon arose for the well-connected ambassador at a breakfast at Humphreys home. Dobrynin subtly raised the issue of Humphreys campaign finances during a discussion of the election, but the vice president deflected the issue. Humphrey, I must say, Dobrynin wrote, was not only a very intelligent but also a very clever man. He knew at once what was going on. Humphrey told Dobrynin that it was more than enough for him to have Moscows good wishes which he highly appreciated. Dobrynin felt relieved that he had followed his orders and Humphrey had avoided the potentially explosive issue.

Humphrey did not mention the Soviet election outreach or even Dobrynin in his 1991 memoir, The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics.

Russia had tried to hurt Nixons chances in 1960

Russian worries about Nixons anti-communism did not begin in 1968. At their first face-to-face meeting in Vienna, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev joked with the new U.S. president, John F. Kennedy, that the Soviet Union had cast the deciding ballot in [Kennedys] election to the Presidency over that son-of-a-bitch Richard Nixon, in 1960. When Kennedy asked for clarification, Khrushchev explained that he had waited until after the U.S. election to release Francis Gary Powers, a U-2 spy-plane pilot shot down over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960, to undercut Nixons claim that he could work with the Soviets.

Khrushchev may have conflated Powerss release which didnt happen until 1962 with two American survivors of an RB-47H spy plane that was shot down in July 1960. Both Nixon and Kennedy had called upon the Soviet Union to release the American pilots. Nevertheless, as Adam Taylor previously wrote in The Washington Post:

Noting that the two candidates were at a stalemate, Khrushchev recalled saying that if Powers or the other Americans were released before the election, it could give Nixon a boost. It would be better to wait until after the election, the Soviet premier thought.

My comrades agreed, and we did not release Powers, he wrote. As it turned out, wed done the right thing. Kennedy won the election by a majority of only 200,000 or so votes, a negligible margin if you consider the huge population of the United States. The slightest nudge either way would have been decisive.

Even 57 years later, the consequences of Khrushchevs actions remain difficult to assess. However, the Soviet Unions activities apparently were indirect, and did not involve any quid-pro-quo.

China possibly tried to influence U.S. politics in 1996

Moscow isnt the only foreign power that has probably tried to influence U.S. politics. The China Lobby the efforts of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under the Kuomintang has been well-documented (for example) as soliciting political, economic and military support from the 1940s to the 1970s for Chiang Kai-shek and Taiwan in opposition to Mao Zedong and the Peoples Republic of China. In addition to Taiwans efforts, and possibly to counter them, the PRC may have been involved in U.S. congressional and presidential elections during the 1990s.

In February 1997, Bob Woodward of Watergate fame and Brian Duffy wrote of alleged efforts by the PRC to direct contributions from foreign sources to the Democratic National Committee before the 1996 presidential campaign. The 1996 U.S.campaign finance controversy resulted in congressional and FBI investigations but did not lead to the appointment of an independent counsel. The Peoples Republic of China consistently denied any involvement in the U.S. election campaign.

These are the games nations play

In his interview with Reuters, Trump also said: I am not a person who goes around trusting lots of people. But [Putins] the leader of Russia. It is the second most powerful nuclear power on earth. I am the leader of the United States. I love my country. He loves his country. It should come as no surprise that Russian leaders saw it in their interests to support him.

Trumps statement suggests that countries will pursue their interests when and where they can. This reflects the pragmatic realpolitik (devotion to interests above ideals) embodied by Lord Palmerstons famous quip in 1848: We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow.

In its influence campaign and possibly more direct efforts to shape the 2016 election, Russian leaders were almost certainly opposing a candidate, Hillary Clinton, who they saw as an impediment to their interests, much as the Kremlin opposed Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1968. One of the ironies of history is that the Soviet Union was able to achieve a relaxation of tensions dtente with the United States with the very person it had opposed, Nixon.

Other great powers have attempted to influence or have actually influenced elections including the United States in places like France and Italy in 1948, Latin America and elsewhere. Great powers will do so as long as it is in their interests and as long as they feel they can get away with it.

The problem is that if you are caught doing it, you, and the politicians you support, may face serious blowback, as Anatoly Dobrynin recognized in 1968 when he did his utmost to dissuade the Kremlin from attempting to support Hubert Humphrey.

Richard A. Moss is an associate research professor at the U.S.Naval War Colleges Center for Naval Warfare Studies. He is grateful to John B. Turner Jr. of Memphis for reminding him about the section of Dobrynins memoir on the 1968 election

Authors note: The views presented here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or its components.

See the original post:

Donald Trump is wrong. When Democrats were offered secret help by the Soviets, they refused. - Washington Post

Posted in Donald Trump | Comments Off on Donald Trump is wrong. When Democrats were offered secret help by the Soviets, they refused. – Washington Post

Excerpts of transcripts between Trump and press on Air Force One – CNN

Posted: at 5:43 am

________________________________________________________________

Internal Transcript

July 12, 2017

REMARKS BY PRESIDENT TRUMP

IN AN OFF-THE-RECORD CONVERSATION WITH PRESS

Aboard Air Force One

En Route Paris, France

9:15 P.M. EDT

On the visit to France:

Q When were you last in Paris? When were you last in France?

THE PRESIDENT: So I was asked to go by the President, who I get along with very well, despite a lot of fake news. You know, I actually have a very good relationship with all of the people at the G20. And he called me, he said, would you come, it's Bastille Day -- 100 years since World War I. And I said, that's big deal, 100 years since World War I. SO we're going to go, I think we're going to have a great time, and we're going to do something good. And he's doing a good job. He's doing a good job as President.

On North Korea, China, and trade:

THE PRESIDENT: A big thing we have with China was, if they could help us with North Korea, that would be great. They have pressures that are tough pressures, and I understand. And you know, don't forget, China, over the many years, has been at war with Korea -- you know, wars with Korea. It's not like, oh, gee, you just do whatever we say. They've had numerous wars with Korea.

They have an 8,000 year culture. So when they see 1776 -- to them, that's like a modern building. The White House was started -- was essentially built in 1799. To us, that's really old. To them, that's like a super modern building, right? So, you know, they've had tremendous conflict over many, many centuries with Korea. So it's not just like, you do this. But we're going to find out what happens.

Very important to me with China, we have to fix the trade. We have to fix the trade. And I've been going a little bit easier because I'd like to have their help. It's hard to go ***. But we have to fix the trade with China because it's very, very none-reciprocal.

Q Is that your bargaining chip with them to get on board with North Korea? Is, like, you want to --

THE PRESIDENT: Nobody has ever said it before. I say it all the time. Somebody said, what cards do you have? I said, very simple -- trade. We are being absolutely devastated by bad trade deals. We have the worst of all trade deals is with China.

We have a bad deal with South Korea. We're just starting negotiations with South Korea. South Korea, we protect, but we're losing $40 billion a year with South Korea on trade. We have a trade deficit of $40 billion. The deal just came up.

That was another Hillary Clinton beauty. Remember she said it was five-year deal, and now it's an extension period. She said this will put jobs in our country. She said we'll make money with it. Great. We're losing $40 billion a year. It's a horrible deal. So we're starting -- we started, as of yesterday, renegotiating the deal with South Korea. We have to.

But the biggest strength we have are these horrendous trade deals, like with China. That's our strength. But we're going to fix them. But in terms of North Korea, our strength is trade.

Q And do you think that's going to bring them around?

THE PRESIDENT: Well, yeah, when I say reciprocal -- you make reciprocal deals, you're talking about hundreds of billions of dollars. But before I did that, I wanted to give it a good shot. Let's see. And they helped us. I have a very good relationship with him. I think he's a tremendous guy. But don't forget. He's for China. I'm for the U.S. So that's always going to be.

So he could be a tremendous guy, but he's going to do what's good for China. And he doesn't want 50 million people pouring across his border. You know, there are a lot of things. I understand the other side. You always have to understand the other side.

Q What about steel?

THE PRESIDENT: Steel is a big problem. Steel is -- I mean, they're dumping steel. Not only China, but others. We're like a dumping ground, okay? They're dumping steel and destroying our steel industry, they've been doing it for decades, and I'm stopping it. It'll stop.

Q On tariffs?

THE PRESIDENT: There are two ways -- quotas and tariffs. Maybe I'll do both.

On healthcare:

THE PRESIDENT: No, I think, first, I want to do -- well, we have a few things. We have a thing called healthcare. I'm sure you haven't been reading about it too much. It is one of the -- I'd say the only thing more difficult than peace between Israel and the Palestinians is healthcare. It's like this narrow road that about a quarter of an inch wide. You get a couple here and you say, great, and then you find out you just lost four over here. Healthcare is tough.

But I think we're going to have something that's really good and that people are going to like. We're going to find out over the next -- you know, we just extended for two weeks. Which, that's a big --

On the border wall:

Q You were joking about solar, right?

THE PRESIDENT: No, not joking, no. There is a chance that we can do a solar wall. We have major companies looking at that. Look, there's no better place for solar than the Mexico border -- the southern border. And there is a very good chance we can do a solar wall, which would actually look good. But there is a very good chance we could do a solar wall.

One of the things with the wall is you need transparency. You have to be able to see through it. In other words, if you can't see through that wall -- so it could be a steel wall with openings, but you have to have openings because you have to see what's on the other side of the wall.

And I'll give you an example. As horrible as it sounds, when they throw the large sacks of drugs over, and if you have people on the other side of the wall, you don't see them -- they hit you on the head with 60 pounds of stuff? It's over. As crazy as that sounds, you need transparency through that wall. But we have some incredible designs.

But we are seriously looking at a solar wall. And remember this, it's a 2,000 mile border, but you don't need 2,000 miles of wall because you have a lot of natural barriers. You have mountains. You have some rivers that are violent and vicious. You have some areas that are so far away that you don't really have people crossing. So you don't need that. But you'll need anywhere from 700 to 900 miles.

Plus we have some wall that's already up that we're already fixing. You know, we've already started the wall because we're fixing large portions of wall right now. We're taking wall that was good but it's in very bad shape, and we're making it new. We're fixing it. It's already started. So we've actually, in the true sense -- you know, there's no reason to take it down or ***. So in a true sense, we've already started the wall.

On Donald Trump, Jr.:

THE PRESIDENT: Don is -- as many of you know Don -- he's a good boy. He's a good kid. And he had a meeting, nothing happened with the meeting. It was a short meeting as he told me -- because I only heard about it two or three days ago.

As he told me, the meeting went -- and it was attended by a couple of other people who -- one of them left after a few minutes -- which is Jared. The other one was playing with his iPhone. Don listened, out of politeness, and realized it wasn't . . . .

Honestly, in a world of politics, most people are going to take that meeting. If somebody called and said, hey -- and you're a Democrat -- and by the way, they have taken them -- hey, I have really some information on Donald Trump. You're running against Donald Trump. Can I see you? I mean, how many people are not going to take the meeting?

On President Putin and Russia:

Q Are you mad that Putin lied about the meeting that you had with him, especially about --

THE PRESIDENT: What meeting?

Q At the G20, when he said that you didn't -- you know, you accepted that the hacking wasn't real.

THE PRESIDENT: He didn't say that. No. He said, I think he accepted it, but you'd have to ask him. That's a big difference. So I said, very simply -- and the first 45 minutes, don't forget, most of the papers said I'd never bring it up. Had to be the first 20 to 25 minutes.

And I said to him, were you involved with the meddling in the election? He said, absolutely not. I was not involved. He was very strong on it. I then said to him again, in a totally different way, were you involved with the meddling. He said, I was not -- absolutely not.

Q Do you remember what the different way was that you asked --

THE PRESIDENT: Somebody said later to me, which was interesting. Said, let me tell you, if they were involved, you wouldn't have found out about it. Okay, which is a very interesting point.

Q But did you say, okay, I believe you, let's move on?

THE PRESIDENT: What I said, I asked him, were you involved? He said, very strongly -- said to him a second time -- totally different -- were you involved? Because we can't let that happen. And I mean whether it's Russia or anybody else, we can't let there be even a scintilla of doubt when it comes to an election. I mean, I'm very strong on that.

And I'm not saying it wasn't Russia. What I'm saying is that we have to protect ourselves no matter who it is. You know, China is very good at this. I hate to say it, North Korea is very good at this. Look what they did to Sony Studios. They were the ones that did the whole deal to Sony. You know, we're dealing with highly sophisticate people.

So, China is very good. You have many countries. And you have many individuals that are very good at this. But we can't have -- and I did say, we can't have a scintilla of doubt as our elections and going forward.

Q Have you told him that?

THE PRESIDENT: I told him. I said, look, we can't -- we can't have -- now, he said absolutely not twice. What do you do? End up in a fistfight with somebody, okay? Because then I brought up Syria, and I said --

Q Afterwards?

THE PRESIDENT: Very shortly there afterward. And I said, there's so much killing in Syria. We got to solve Syria. We've got to solve Ukraine. And you know, I've always said -- and I'm not just talking about Russia -- we're a lot better off -- like it's a good thing that I have a good relationship with President Xi. It's a good thing I have a good relationship with every one of them -- Modi -- you saw that. Every single one of them of all 19 -- there's 20 with us. All 19, I have a great relationship with.

More on the Visit to France and Trade:

So we're doing well. I mean, we're doing well and we're having a good time. Now what we'll do is we'll go celebrate with the President of France -- we have a good relationship -- open up a little trade with them. But it's got to be fair trade. I mean, every deal we have is bad. It's got to be fair trade.

I mean, the European Union, as an example -- I'm all for the European Union, but we have things that we can barely sell into the European Union. They're very protectionist. And we're not. And you have to be reciprocal.

To me, the word reciprocal is a beautiful word. Because people can say, we don't like a border tax or we don't like this or we don't like that. But what they can't say is that, if you're selling a motorcycle and they're coming into your country and not paying tax, and they're going into another country and paying 100 percent tax, people understand that's not fair. So we say we make it reciprocal.

More on President Putin and Russia, and on energy:

Q Do you think you'll invite Putin to the White House?

THE PRESIDENT: I would say yes, yeah. At the right time. I don't think this is the right time, but the answer is yes I would. Look, it's very easy for me to say absolutely, I won't. That's the easy thing for me to do, but that's the stupid thing to do. Let's be the smart people not the stupid people. The easiest thing for me to tell you is that I would never invite him. We will never ever talk to Russia. That all of my friends in Congress will say, oh he's so wonderful, he's so wonderful. Folks, we have perhaps the second most powerful nuclear country in the world. If you don't have dialogue, you have to be fools. Fools. It would be the easiest thing for me to say to Maggie and all of you, I will never speak to him, and everybody would love me. But I have to do what's right.

And, by the way, I only want to make great deals with Russia. Remember this, I have built up -- we're getting $57 billion more for the military. Hillary was going to cut the military. I'm a tremendous fracker, coal, natural gas, alternate energy, wind -- everything, right? But I'm going to produce much much more energy than anyone else who was ever running for office. Ever. We're going to have clean coal, and Hillary wasn't. Hillary was going to stop fracking. She was going to stop coal totally. Hey, in West Virginia I beat her by 42 points. Remember, she went and sat with the miners and they said get the hell out of here. So, I was going to -- if Hillary got in, your energy prices right now would be double. You'd be doing no fracking. You'd be doing practically no fossil fuels.

So Putin, everything I do is the exact opposite. I don't believe -- in fact, the one question that I didn't ask him that I wish I did -- but we had so many other things going, and really the ceasefire was a very complicated talk, it was a very important talk to me because I wanted to see if we could start a ceasefire.

***

Now, why does that affect Russia? Because Russia makes its money through selling of oil, and we've got underneath us more oil than anybody, and nobody knew it until five years ago. And I want to use it. And I don't want that taken away by the Paris Accord. I don't want them to say all of that wealth that the United States has under its feet, but that China doesn't have and that other countries don't have, we can't use. So now we no longer have the advantage. We have a tremendous advantage. We have more natural resources under our feet than any other country. That's a pretty big statement. Ten years ago, five years ago even, you couldn't make that statement. We're blessed. I don't want to give it up. I don't want to say oh, okay, we won't use it. But think of it. So, if Hillary is there, you're going to have a far less amount of fuel. Therefore, energy prices will be much, much higher. That's great for Russia.

So, the next time I'm with Putin, I'm going to ask him: who were you really for? Because I can't believe that he would have been for me. Me. Strong military, strong borders -- but he cares less about the borders -- but strong military, tremendous. We're going to be an exporter of fuel this year. We're going to be exporting. What was the first thing I signed when I got in? The Keystone Pipeline, and the Keystone Pipeline goes from Canada all the way through our country right into the Gulf, and the ships are there to take it all over and compete with Russia.

More on Energy:

The first thing I signed, the first day, was the Keystone Pipeline. That first * was the Keystone and the Dakota Access Pipeline -- also Dakota Access. Now, what does that mean? Dakota Access takes it to the Pacific. Who do they compete with? Russia. Hillary would have never signed -- that was with the reservation -- she would have never signed it. I was given great credit for that one. That was a tough one. First day. It's also 48,000 jobs between both of them. The other one I signed, that was the Keystone. That was dead. That was dead for two years. It was never going to happen. I revived it on day one. You know, you'll check, please check it. I have to be exactly accurate. They'll say, oh I wasn't totally accurate. But that goes to the Gulf, right? Competes with Russia.

More on Energy and Russia:

THE PRESIDENT: So now oil is getting to be record low -- and gas -- because we're producing so much. That means Russia -- and you know Russia *** is having a little hard time because it has come down so much.

On Russia sanctions:

Q But you wouldn't sign a new sanctions bill if it passes the House?

THE PRESIDENT: Well, I'm not talking about new, I'm talking about the old sanctions. Wait, we got to get this right. Ready? I think I said it right but just in case. We have very heavy sanctions on Russia right now. I would not and have never even thought about taking them off. Somebody said, Donald Trump wants to -- I don't want to take them off.

Q Putin didn't raise that with you?

THE PRESIDENT: He never raised it. We did, I think, talk about the sanctions that Congress wants to pass, but it was very brief. Much of it was talked about Ukraine. Look, we talked about the elections. We talked about Ukraine and Syria. Not in that order. We talked about Syria and Ukraine. But I will just tell you, I didn't say this to him. We didn't talk about this aspect of it. I would never take the sanctions off until something is worked out to our satisfaction and everybody's satisfaction in Syria and in Ukraine.

I saw a report and I read a report that Trump wants to take off the sanctions. I've made a lot of money. I've made great deals. That's what I do. Why would I take sanctions off without getting anything?

On allegations of collusion with Russia:

THE PRESIDENT: What pressure? I didn't -- I did nothing. Hey, now it's shown there's no collusion, there's no obstruction, there's no nothing. Honestly, the whole thing, it is really a media witch hunt. It's been a media witch hunt. And it's bad for the country. You know, when you talk about Russia, if Russia actually did whatever they want to do, they got to be laughing, because look at what happens -- how much time. . . .

They feel it's a witch hunt, the people. There are a lot of people. And those people vote. They don't stay home because it's drizzling. We proved that. But every single party chairman said that my base is substantially stronger than it was in November. That's a big compliment. That's a big compliment. And I feel it.

And I think what's happening is, as usual, the Democrats have played their card too hard on the Russia thing, because people aren't believing it. It's a witch hunt and they understand that. When they say "treason" -- you know what treason is? That's Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for giving the atomic bomb, okay? But what about all the congressmen, where I see the woman sitting there surrounded by -- in Congress.

So I think it's a good thing. When Hillary Clinton spent her ads -- you know, she spent almost 100 percent of her ads on anti-Donald Trump ads. You know that. Every ad was an anti ad. When the election came, nobody knew what she stood for.

I heard tonight, and I saw tonight, and I read tonight that they're making a big mistake. And I a lot of the Democrats feel -- they say, we're putting all our money into this Russia stuff and it's making Trump stronger. Because my people and the people that support me, who are incredible people, those people are angry because they feel it's being unfair and a witch hunt.

***

END

10:15 P.M. EDT

On Don Jr, POTUS was asked if as a father he supported Don Jr. being willing to testify.

"I think if he wants to," Trump said. He mentioned that h had seen something about her being in congress recently talking to members. "She had meetings with various people. So it's the same thing."

He said the press had been unfair and said of the meeting that "they talked about the adoption stuff which was actually a big thing at the time but nothing happened." He addd, "In fact maybe it was mentioned at some point," but then when asked if he had been told that it was about Hillary Clinton and dirt against her he said no.

POTUS was asked about Kelly suggesting to CHC that DoJ has say on what happens to DACA.

"It's a decision that I make and it's a decision that's very very hard to make. I really understand the situation now," POTUS said. "I understand the situation very well. What I'd like to do is a comprehensive immigration plan. But our country and political forces are not ready yet."

He added, "There are two sides of a story. It's always tough."

See original here:

Excerpts of transcripts between Trump and press on Air Force One - CNN

Posted in Donald Trump | Comments Off on Excerpts of transcripts between Trump and press on Air Force One – CNN

Twitter users sue Donald Trump for excluding them – The Economist (blog)

Posted: at 5:43 am

5C P4A6Gri*{xUl/wA$O:@q$1f|$O]~6OLLa_88?;C~^CMdu"Mmp"+p{fU9^@821U+W%cg|R>lkh/Z= jK]4=9=}]7to_|4Eq_7O_i~=^=O^m2y"o>W?G7>?z~iY/'~c>~Lp{q^8n3/_8^sJEO+|W)C>y_xy^?_>+||?>zOm}w cOx}:~2[O|3q{n:~(-^^dtq|;R"%YsJ>!}&^%ryym"%d5{L:]u[ 7Azjv** hGW;lMaV:em.7MeU:>67Sw NM/%0jKdx%~cugWo1o, 6nD1 T',[,h?bo,ihW- %7 |CN ny@V6oM}wl5{gIIce{5FD,IJk5T"]ls765]FE8tv_fmx%qCkN~'Ebk[#[Ne24Rv;Pm5kIe(^a9`AKvuyzoM[S)]lLez8x5HiQhw`s}w^ j1WWBwU9)u9RF O|(]`F{:GdQ:s+^Z^+ s;]D dn2yMfkJywq2"u7y6Z_n~.m2thUJ */nn%@AU/?!b~E;K"}r7n-E2'Cy`Yf74g!~! #m#;F[Nxx)PF,,9=%#'gDnRO?p::f}~J{kG8[] (kWnODEjv #z&TA?uikwgn)xp]fyvp,AenjM$Iw3zzW%[z1,+'O2-B'Y$${S=w{b]HMZ^ _Si: >[q6&bE{N[gv7igggA&WL>CWjRM{.uk!_zz;l>4#.DC$Wqw4m$Me g^M&isUev%8.dK-3L]of?d'O4jP:Yb+wMb+~8{q+!5j2&X{rm6szk>%]Crr]i'bhy^bW[lBHn"m[|^;uA.zyi""kIRP.nM;1guymQ7N'*SMbo:7|B4n9!EWn?&6dq&5IBh8$)HVwOA'uoS >{yfc~%381=u0[TkKm=CKI>OGogMRwg&Acp(Hqj|b^N]ik_w8)>j~[v08{*j~heKKH#W&L^f]RERL(R?M|JL~}l~#nBr]h1v>x;pw_O1W{)^yop)'^ydq" Te^^ C0>1p8VI7QrQ2/hJ] ?pGUkW6~@@P'~77G6_C.iE25Hpf[%wZi^jI/ORM~yBzd=TT'_;%p/U $$vhg]Se,_O~/T5%?AB-^/!k y@q> y`rG/ys> Am)}u5[^tR`ggd2c_7:3|z"tqMQX;6/5^TIDNAvG1Mk/$oku[3PEA(JsV3(,Izgt>=*niwbKmV" V? (rw/54,c.;( efd&E]Q>]CVw-diw|nVjk)xtJWoO?Y~#fU@q_e}e>9i6+IjdvCml[2E w]]~s5c;+^;WsyXQ7v2rE2=uox"ECW~ [i]3lFqb*OlxjSgxC2q/>L_XolqjG~?e~mErwFH>?o7G$u:$YJ*im "De+Oh*] sJy>_Iu=^8F"sgvfljr6)%3Zq)h R}&w w@s4B8@sTuVQeElXp74-C8G-EkI &:1 6wX2FEb{&&Gr.Jk~%6e]ftBM0n*zWoAfPLAf[9t,,n_NnTJH{8=-2v KG/B?[JWgU%*5 /qy|;&x#%RJ|(^ 2u`^m`*w'[$ qCUX6_Spl_KYY>,J/U/U:^4a+N-1cF|;`2&S *0YBjKEBa) E8ehGm.$I)"l;|T5I/T Jw~POip:*3):./9w |R:`tY@z>azyTyMX5mnm^Hd.d["r`#+QBPJ!# Ei%eG+$c@ dH{NE'0"tALKT!{Bdi, k&_%ULfD*93^"r K2A`r%di@rxxg)SA+BfFds"{3!%2y"k C(LP)"2aw7K2pp5rI6"T5q .* x%M0!:"u}a ^@M!P0Ik,F* p(B]~BR(P4//yzLD*r>=209VqCiAS+(-lU}RahPWq|8 /;td)7u9ybqci9):QuLL~Y4^3NCSFkhU(:tiA%rcI0 w,=y)E;$E*K.3C=|trRy[g(8IMqUm`KMfR$Z^"^Z2R@_+VvH+*)aA@"FYBI,p-I28!~-~E0 kcQqi8NRe' qqCa#RFRY@5[tq6%_d0j4&o+DI!C=5Y %BW[J0u& "m]%7A]E| qVJ.5L+b`9K,.,1 z6|{d5!yZD2&BNTfe1bCWi)5

L"^n*zie`!('yx!0(XZE|[U+$T"^PZg)OD4z Lq>6r}iN2;^5|u$) G4zF$!1aJ 9;^}@Qx?P n.zAl;KHa_e&D:Q)rkU,S!G-Jq,H:!SO9M#w0(lH&^MOH7lBs&b/@}!Nd_Ph!cNf2SLb=? 4-Jk!}-na"[x!U{R *&Ce70Xly`*A6>%}DB9'ue)H% Qe#"_$E]Pk^`XGFC^pNOCE@6^i @5#r"3z"r03>Lo~$b07BUF8QdR I.J,'|p h(pJl!lZ ~=IK)Fe`!d L#K1+f {-85 npp8-Ns!6u2*P_+BLOz9R^@O&S.ofGB6!eQhLpsT $4"*$l.a+!:$_~`%v"Ki"@RxpS!xKiuKAG"O_Lx]'%ey 03oY+2#8%%zMz[Tdx,+w OL 5[1t'J9e0ext@`%R$4Cio+cP8+ JLa#4LRBZuL&Ae=KdLki) ]QA@TIg 2S;k6ST1tYDCc PTR0Hvs_@`Oa|`S*Tb7g= 'ZLBj=I+]?VB8KJii/mNbh^wB*$HUiaQZt.OyX06{r;+x9dUoUBwvRzxRBa%L$ -! @J'g8pDihP`W #J_6$'^Aoqt=aC-sR,S?-7m|ze+h,Pa^S$, qd&`0NL

8l(ckL B#n 4SQhQ6)&KMBMKV8U|"Oo}l9/Aa6S_"s9h)E&LWNHY~ pLAv`kuA`,]r%Y0w0awcFcb `'0&DziU XobM~0X#HuZ 6*8Bm E&4mDMInT6" 5yipE s`0C3EM ,wr{Lk$"hOr b$#R`2|!r3 ([FRi$YFU7qT0R 5]-I$#Eh@4'&Tb0)OL=rq/"4~aKH6{T7M&q18/l QozL?g55p ZbV;@7qP&VPQ^-2 jb4j]E"[l*h2 1j0$ |8|Kb =9`f48[N!BVqg9[f|8"zeDL2`9 b9, I`T14[u%%ilGCjZ(kb5-MIM{8XX16PDLEC#R ?Q6xD},[72 L8tV,*1cIo @R @s}C$DG0Cx8mIs9I0(Nav1tKnoKB`>S= ,OVb2KNB+c^Ji3|YS9bsD$cNinWierSGPjuO/AU I0Ip#11K%u4L7F[Y1sb$BI`f`>^^&.x7 gBPX+Jtmw}68V-l3&71JD/+|K(MJb9yNv]$ dF|2+*92X [C=4r6o>$'Vhg[XtgSU';;W3BFrm+51kv&H^J?=5bLEfEoC&3#ge9F>AbbD=wI7_}/4 v5Irvo0:G/H{=RtE nj$ywJ5&q^a%bCf>c &4z`2#.Uph_*%GJJZ$Ilif# Q 6n4 eKLE'P'M+VH]`BNi ;YC/@cWeb$tD:dyT{Xbvg2O% E%`8P)@1 xpQH&sM82"^~tDC,fDh'Cyk DgL1L >%aK#_?Hh$s9i$eA ka>&JUzljd3dVDtq14OjrHZB8fv+=3anIrIcZO$U`C-Z,4*# ^'K${nqRSpgW9Tj%#d1;"d+8RVSJZ} > njtI5$JMa"-5VwijDs^9fC&kQ@p|d5C>pc5C*X6,J1 kO.@ a6K#0SR<~ _J{*tLo,Ya{FRN.n!uXZoE/$V!(96TTBFMrL-^ ~gX W$=/qla%IQW~p;)cj) N @+%/gDQ`8FH/SAq4!,Spa%d|)%R# 7!T 0A4 *x2!QU$ c`(H(o2$nH?zeLe8kynGUyY}|dQp)v&Y Fseg4"NwPc=f"B)i0P@ r)}mL1Qq'(:wj^dGE7>2Epqo)y]>xk=Y&*jA&s~V jqma$bQBV(G8z|T7Ce/7lVoM,Tjg.dL2.=qd1MQ0N0*!zUr*ZQhI!f30WpT#a//*_*DdE{Nyu=}.*%z[VrANR`5%K#i`zLZ:]mW'!*uVBI(by`SKj-$P35rYTp+?KJ{}uNDB i33JAYZ,badr R^k`+L }Z|xd(]Deud4! c2Yd(?eR'0u1p%)ChVU4XACn El3 4]nSiR|x)[W6 gf:yj5K%=~#{#dDd" N{H*0!L"W`PSH(cO$B[hgwY>u< f~RVJJjXTyd6@2^%&Qbh#I)s"5(`)UO &QrjI"! 7a3j_dTa{*Nk=2ldONAD 8CZ$mQ!LFS6)EkU(Ei`SS F &n&(9b@`NSB`X d_~V'$327%/Db6B Pb8'%{:)S2C##+o']1[EHv,jET3|*Y3R^S)&iO4bKjzke,^ByX0M +8}K?'+!dJ]"(eeRMC-FAj@D hD/4F$L#b}7vyYNz>RJ64H *Ou#>Mbd5)` FqLeRbUCX3>&]2Q*=Kk%:qjA2&H|^1"`Mh@|X~kMO ? _BR)+)q{R(FuubH "cRaXpr2-&a 6XC6geFdNcb!dh@H r'I,FYH`|qKxNe,=n:|6mHoee~WV44[H(O$lUQH;n4rd6KZDZDT &!)"e5jok@64r'kCA 5zVRQ)VBH WJ)%a|MRKa[&_6|F`UI{_hF4t$Nk6Gr5org.IIIU1m }/g:x/j{ R4mbFJfZF>;Z7m4%Tl#,y&*E%zeoSwZKw/?/}y kmFNtU^)N0mI (|C6vDbe)G4L)bEAQGIVF(PPXT6,_VelV%J"78lPVaWb]-Gs3zf:OEB&m 0D2pH#ES2( yBpd){W(LMAmXCa4Ga[0uj!#)LBM.kLj`$hh}4&K 0Bj`xD}dYti13t2WE K;Qn}L5RxdX'I'R/DVa'8WY>v>6Fck:y!0}HfCZNS13R9sooy;E57{Z(L,!h0T0BC~ l(9]YHA 3]sutp]EW%4"oj+p+k3kKyuiG?Ys1&}lHc'y5{BO Z1 #:XH$j^4f B.#f@ @5x?aKP }2$DF9JvIGB2UlOicQWq=R)TYS+UUr-FK"yR=NcTz-1!gu+E}W=rz&aYCai,9/x#nZlIu!qDnVH0tET@.V :^xL/NuJ^jbG=ZBX0PW G(ikbij&X~`Tkl8'"J]*e!_3sjSpb" &hCkXbU#oQz'5Lo)ImEN70ZPKa4U1j"%/,iE[(VP)g?8ZQHOXPK+ahD LhJ9QrCFz33M$V1!{tsm&B&DqH&6Z {/w *4:O. !:`-i6qJCA~*ZhbvPx+zRmRkLy*kgKLv%d:P}PJUKiaF^0#Dl- y,jB.F]|fK*YQ_tM*1 R:@:_@1TQ]U(_f0%amF _V3Iof+X#hC6/f.2r7*DnKg.yL*Vl WRdTyl8@uQJkd-a]kLzyP JvczIP'r(X $]j|+XU{%5Yo@b zySY8L[1x- 6wjK# 6"OefUSS6q %C'wH*VT.*>^1F3HfP ~DTg fLjnm6fBpbPdMsau"5)Mw*u+CJB/B dhg l540HJ-"(r(@DO4OXRuhE)M(LP:9]A0 Kk(>Iso(OvI.-GP`;;?!5 w;TdayKld}.qZ` Lju4ClYF-M/lIu{-W>wp0Q_@JUuQ1(*B2CaB"e.4B: r,|*IDgwj+ P49&Td5,mi-im. Uj%8AAThtJYtd2#lJMYt-P5 UUs9h@b^n+i?#PH) ]M:uTq,c&HQ50KOgFtd+(kUITDb! /EKGq@v1q8PCn_nS3;IEa5!eTSVGtUwAmMbj:)ThU`:.JRJ0g^TWj QN@wk^c2B w`f>*GI,Uq/j fQ8A'I 50, PRtA@PDkDUv%wj-H*)*czJLHh:2zIQ&]"f fC_%VHDP[PvE'}"|v*6t#%FSqTB#8YpZ==1[ch[dKz 6")=F H+|>g!#' r]RpU|,`,.pniLq$I[U%=.6"hG!,)S 7u/r^,TcdfghQYlU&

--O*VWq o%ju/#yKh2mTM?ZN'vFdK?;d`;~IvsorXsqc3y ?+nAraTm5+2"aQ/pYiExz&GhM{TY^^/efr.0n?6Vy&fM/7o.P>NR(';uwxtsp&S#owuRIkebK B/$R fFm0V/#;Gh{8kE>>q*rx.pu}oOvLFbHfDFnPE.V !'qEBnD},[J*$nt}kM.povXl-WuK6H0Z_RHqV+,{sS!3RS)*m{{L=DAo&J e*p.>ou il31{$zt=zf=qG'Q|WeJJ8Q)=efqEyFNh%q)x :G. RorCqC^p>F ,}t}'D%'j*Z1KjOlE'-|o1hq~~6MrJ+#UY{nv{IIcbyQ4b7bMU)ss9dp.M`>EE+NKY.9JNDCL-Nh$BfAzF ~g,pAJcm ]K>/M}TT]WeoI[&[jZ:&'oQ5vhWYpY2YH(" ~43wkr{syTc@K{w'q;n[m`,Ka`J=1WSEawI5rv *~9sMvxiR;:B3 f*!UV!)&mI7R,?AYlP" rOOGUWuW )3@'s,&Z4"r-RpXLBj C!D,zq.y%uBgr^r^9*#v2!8+).VI$7Zw$&iG~D&uI;?_re?`) 'x9?/.@{}MI J&q(2Oo.hO ZSX6FqmBGyzPVHr#y31kT x'h"MfopHPT&40`}W/A*t/aYM]e'%.j?c>3e:o02Q{0{%lb} H/Y YoS*{IU8%o.GlA.p)6~d@]L^?!!q42Z9 '8P@j,g~OA4AOToMBjS$A )W)G)Fp<.k c="" y="">o:og-C,q6.fG`NSP#`:txpR>dLb$76@t3 9E

h[e|%n?6`8X'V,}6_ahB*gAbOv*Z%1>7J'J@WS?g_ z+Se^Q 8 FHP~!/6dU;lI3R ]>+!"!8+tJXx1!~O .Ya5#!}@g9t54!wVyt,NDTpb0$S`]RI;-r?Q'c@EMj]:$4RL!NXG?#62ft"9 ##&n@ERL1SkL}%zBR!j'BQu4B+5f}$uN6cTEI_ 17K_Q3gXaLPU##yDy1tk T u6yQFLxCJZdSZbv,WGMXXRYE#SQtyL15udud)'*,:F 0$c7S)^ 7(Y$xd>S$tR^{H9k0K|SC>lH-1+:ma1!I`FR@OIQC506bA&bG+'(Sb0"]cUA?=Q@#'YFAS ;qD:8!!) TJh@VH"8$t b0sn/rShxFNHQ9q4Q,*iKTy!_lIH!: c|N8JeL1 9,OA0m5K|Z|R~;p!O6E@m+&JXNH76$sl@#5E>0G I[(cqka0fdUkT*Bk;aWSB@N J'm:mJ6 x91fN4^4 2=E!c/ *#gtw^th,^4)1*i|B2T}q:hx Mef6)er^eRbb5hh3Chs_ 96xx+N:$lu5FJQD D \T%&36qq2 T?qJDDn.THx"+Lm - w,K ~ -,v1,AeZ[ 05*vH#Ox1aNE7*XQWO2M !RA!d!r,e`5i:0+}Vof's,Sc,I+KA&:*YKbBj$hkE@X(XE49pf`{9b{"5/h"RvD>hs t$$OPh:`"s-gm(p&R,39%1xjD9UB 27%+i!;uLY$ZO=2d@0i4Pb1sJL)8g9rDX^h%9Z`^};Ym %!$N Q$/#WVp|*Q+`&660Dx'8+FY= X3GCttmEN!_r gGJ*gIkn&ai!scyJE%Hk"^$@5*(6`#f}8=s:=QoPvL9S}u},Tf6BnCRQVry:2?3tR=[h$8%m5B

bH/|2 U)-Q?KR%`# ]J6IZ?.*Q*TBz= Q80)lOP^%5IEvb>6X :3QVE8AtX~f"i1bGPP+"F>)@U.XcKU;>Gds':*Q!}m25 ;%gAXG1.8( /GR @Tq:\yTiP0R8;*2:UH~G9LD.:QWui J91*Z1,HRroPWlBN$?Smn)&4;xEjaUJ-%%d!Q$v8S-2E3 Xo9zx.4iA*M@ "I#"|!L,4HS^ 8`BtT))}u1Q@8PX2Hdr3Z}qA]5p7RyO5@R2l>C^+ R"(=UY N4K`]bcdMQgZ7@MnV'G Ht)>PXeiHYX_ W@d"iwH =='T(a$/"K+&aRhBNOq|TBD(Z^ l.xLH8,m^Ab9d"RlRg/&!9JSK'/un:{IxW5G&Xmm nq@p1&19H;'+J cfK(yH9?GR!:@Y&qmdVC|tpxtIWB|.i1'Ue`.l>,fd.Bv$?bA|LO+3eG |O+aNw +jrY8+G%30?$/9& ="3s0l5|I3AL,Uc;hlpHHeK3zXn}, HEM7H#1/4DtRiys~J`v6W0t|HErr (itJOQ,ibJ1Dw(S*yBHbLBNV3srd$-Z$yglTR5ccvT+EbSrj1ib!>.d78EEp.c&WOS%.MIB9,IG3!1BM1b}Lhw'j% S6VAXOQiE.

uPmA(^/tp@,SDh4sY$k'1nh0C@(;p[TvR IP(;"QN*6:`A$dpAdq" 93z!rTx_SYLTBVx'( Osr/JCdr;yKeRD91KWof nrC#QyePi,NX8}3t#!,"/bfl|gnHXzd?[ww(,D@gdxH#$WZ*%zjPWJYU,cI;

w]o,H^T>tApp#0;,{.yIOw4ih;Iw4=)9 ~^&V4D_^7H^S=FYL]"8CyIcOz xqh/R1J- /@e}/x}F4'C"+L|3uB/w!7,'N'm`aYCve3dYDy&uI~.YLkrE_b*e( #sr_QKr|`xOm=s:6aNK`V{;% ^2}9Y{{v/0z:n/rTo>?B:L#R'JZ`Up1w/b:Bn(bgrX,tZ;jtt)6{aC3A)o'{rOg[w_J.~rWYtxqUU4NA_1/_Se,KLdlJ,e9(jh8zhc>|rn0%%E#.PxQ"dq^f)|:[,[sOK=0i9k19kZqL$ ~I G-xt6 57+bjG,m})a,k~,?z1orw}l=(_(z!CI%h?p?x)G3V 1`nsj"D6G_|4}%Auy7s[-U3{K>M:"[^1SkSAe% bx))$$?No*;XX"]N-:Q^D5Fq+r,NOw$ V:K-?_+|2

3Ky`46h3Cy &1@Y&KEC[*`Bo:[e|CM8ifsF5.?KbKr9ul'qHL>4w1>` Mx/ }vb1ROno?LHdT|(gI x~Fj/)m2ai:}(?lAvjn&Te~ Sm2b!pFiS2WF+B Iuu11[N+qh%`^OWVf>14pXLtyI'$.7nB*_$ItI4)hZ7gj'!_z^skgcZI]`*{!r/HMS>w|wIyhh45@m(|#&F}u9#8!0v3>nbS!t/Uo NA3wLWZQ43l3LQ XPt0N* GrdWp&l=~@615>)[^gL~,n~lz($**)Zi%-/SX]``3@Rj_3VC{v~ZOO7r? 6w?/Yr6!iaiir5_,/D#FU/[CWhYs2Yw%?~"2S.!]k'kKEOO[fN7WrXvbdQ\,@.|D Z 'lQoy[^ )gB&1K:z4qU9 p;2+NO+ BPl2!wG=?15}~aY.v0b>{!NAh9da/4 boST!BPU4e-yunr" T?H])^nlHn^vg&DyN'{l>&?FHhq2@=bv3*c=-a7 //{)HI@j@# pZ@amJZT3Errb51ZiQ`&?'y+x}#h NA7yOB/PQq'cIJ %5u"VhbK55zeUXQS)st+a%`ZjX&q%J0[O=GgM9?,)yt"{>a=RS+vS?_)e(ZA^C#Sl) I}f}P+q>-t 0TZ9L,35lrc;S%1KY'CVz ~0JdJEJfqelp_tA5*s;,(I,^fpVsbQmYN,ihGcUo5Fb^,7*&7}rZ4SX_E`lIOhB/ vx-b9YF%1hR1m|8!`*/0]ZNr90>I~zIwT,qrO+oc4;B2Tl-S/(aPu1S3({MqQ_C}md('z)BD2 /Dk5h5Hf](iSj:>ykd }1=o2m^s*9&-dCvz1 B# |M@*-/t&UwAQrv^IR_'z/L3fY0I63,oN{Nf[K 5-.7,l*tbKbe5zE '#*= kV#@Nj*arVkar_%^Dti_|m#L}[2]kV+$r1?42`jdofQOE8fr/|? e6rURt8Wj IJi F=a0/Xe_L[u;7P^9n=K]>k1 z6h%m-MJ1 *2k#+HT" $4FT]._cWFFpPDG~XQ9YS81g%Jy "/~hCU^.(-%Tu-Kw*Os >~n%;DQ0l#9*jJT=vDj1Jpcm$=SMIIE]H*S)`L;nmnFf,'N]; rN:/,p4Zb 3YKGnLpBI5l[sTBCh+4PaMnYqRZrV #W"K#bro/ven$xu@;8zf`1]tp9{C~O)L+fAp/KT@g[ve,7]:~j|/^y`XBBrZT3'0czlO1t;]Zgh,9Y RW?*F9f&3[K =A$(jG>Gx8#m&b (3@>Ct9hQA0Z$}w_QXa )l)yuilQmdy(0VeX4Vs X{}nHS)]`,*Q.g:.y@ 7[g)jz1%Y4[i2OZh sarL3/H4MIY}v?N'YJcKjc7'B0WrfXe;.n)W_kuWvc[#f5,LL]_Ch!+2,-yp5t:/oOr=;l>maw'j0U{qxkx5] ws;1=y3}|7/d1t &=-|z9v'}2x?>GOlM&o;}>I(|h6ul>ur00:+|2]{witAww2}^Mozx#Ud{dF)%Uj8+o6|8Z]Kh9]L vQAyz%KT>LqR!y@->0sYY;:k,W`uR1J[ee>@x{& uy~Lv4()XRXjA m!w@Lms+kT~;/fd|g vxhWnC?_L "3T-6b/]C#jVX*7M73_A9YzA&Y@L:FgJabzRUIZ-Cd^B b"t3,tYP5vSQ&7/7g47o?2=5H3Si;169$*:aGRgec45D%ITC|U+)_iTtaVmXP*_NO+Y_5z;*AoK8f6x_PZ/Bf'uee|cf`yZ.fymp^h*#r5

~p/t>d_/GHGkf&|2^v9(%9uloq_IQU'`gQgZI~Y%`H|0Mu=Qz m/>,HqO?{79y*7k~!5rJRj@&?:.vpjr[Hcnm]fe&Qm(+9_H5 q3FK=YSnN%ejcwW:bp_QDt*!$8[hw0m=y1Mk1iM`00ikz.Ox"TppKFO70rl6O~Vm!&a~(z(l3hk^ JWuCr'aYrT#"W`]RU}Tx> w[@5Xj5cVxVvjW3+(m;hFt=!6>7Lh hr)g6/.eN-;QHa5D3.Qj]DseG, K?95AvT^(]!Cl,7Y'/_[ qdN^|VtjPvW6eD58(5aLB rT!Amd]]v)LJfstQI9p"3tUR]bTDJI |NB.+Va@(l&_BglWrN5u:@eW7Mn6+!T^UaY/|@WU@0j?6Y1sYiMaq]* 6^}x!>$? %'iK(](O1xgjxeY:fyaDmJT^*+PX6:;o_|HFU {l/1+i""4If/m#"f):YQL[?5`l2qp[EN*9~M_yEGQcXpDmToWChk'Z=~:n8RL +?

i5W X42oK/-c%aqy]rgFcWB@p3:@@L'^|#87;mB|Iy U0FaFMUQZQ* @i,j@|^f3P^4,ENOha/B:c#sb+$375D&2I5+O{cAh*gfnSUWsG%$[L(! qK?v`TPrYm_b`,R2-#u0kH2MlKW3Z@LrFE8 ezVUF"gzM7Pp/a74hj"=:$HV?-5$i i&!O*!fU!CglSY=V)TvMP*-2fZ [2:J*6XxTu?5KXmR^f+ b]|^lXF{,XZHB&[ &t6y({UxiiN*mB{g?NMMH;^/zlUNOb.6{0du?O?[q%7w`KvRaA"]? Pd8C V*Rj4tqz_QEqAWa/N=U]M'+*!=:0|q_#t+Rt7cj;&} N?F#C~MR>m_waEa2Oq9N]]UbFkId[jgx#K.Z=`,0M_ |( mh*:k>52RaFR`xJEASj$/nE2glf)8^l,A3[Uh3 yP[D^Gg w6T?t,kxHXzy%Ud:Hu#LOyQXVfluD) '|."8Y:I%3jO45T2:ORVe2lp+$[0qHFAUp])?avixq(I1SJg4?C'TEQoHl]JQ.`V.rA4FW-j;;_gtz@RjPg+kw&ZglFk,&y}#?w-?n`?b5V,KMW?QT;=]o&&og)dNheSNYz

8M63...W;-pj?"S8_NvMiWjF/U ~2n?U&}bR'Hvl9a%rv+~CrX84^bIt/cy6b3W% /KFbe$;$2V,uj`X[e-U~o=?xc[,tGNZsoOps)AO!!^jB!5gN69C'Dsi`|W"U]'KJC3%ADo- RB@k_>xGy_ ATm%H,HoZ)LpWNbP(_s0=7cK?VYkfeJ_Pe&%fXTOK+k]ylrUir/0Uf4j%VRAG5Dgt*qej+d0GZs=C[l` y# 1p{V"3JG0S$T&T#|2V: v/p?/Ux?q[;NFw]:PvzmWK:^vb{@1[,M`v1fu99ZGG[`/SsLqbA58mK|I)HTTQ]Q/?M55r kxS1A,;ckA@@]i3?q"DDprhtte1=md>pX6tZq> -H6Z%H~-[ i3,2^Nh`Dq+nr7R+kkp@'/u[ DyCxJyn,V}r[i7-_s8TE>wO\9menCNZ: 6|@'GQR1k4 >x1-_u-C@/yGjTl'kuC}zbr sHg vRh[( e~ o3f?{?mowgq~P#}ox rg^YtT5vua0E{?~/zj[peI_d(SI/!4fRlca"L_1RWyRnu,w*%` q>74K9$,~Q)TwDidkE.?(HQc3e3HqZ1whwnFJaCvRMUAXsyY"Kn3r*;`Px_5U5IVC/!oUwS40k)|A ;aiF` F'r,By7EDtz*`YO;e[yVa-ga4H9ibcMEE}m/3'Iv@z};HL?sm[LCn;+oPCHnI QA;zYC;5]$9en~w$0_J^LP{|*('_+,'~+^yU|H2^;59l4X]~ pOS]ka(`cMs9wF~9y^:_OX8(T7`?X)#I |B$ijzq6twS[CtuS~JoH:j0#Pg O`!V'3x%Bu;ykvcA:i|.>/>E._{;9//5Wk7i!5/(w+ynNh_}}PWf>t%3}S?*OW77.0A.Lu )$'c Vf_MTCu[d1Gx-!P{] V|-% W)q*q9_8^h>0A~}T'2>Dyee )yk~C/&DWG:Y /u9Y;N=~#B#p@g/W uoUx#tS+5D>;_6WGx2 )5woF}moypQ{y>#): OrrG>p:s AM?fr$_Jf@_l0 /IT}.fg8b?Z}8=xVvVtN)+} 5.S&JM&,}Y35Vi&^X]e81^C/xPJ Ie+O5~q,uo~`Nn57_J_60:q N[]&^1=d`D |VNo!&Q?)EGYV9o+|!|yJ~CX?~8/^?~0W2|asT!mSG?2M_}zn|^? ~L/xLtN/};)vrDsR?BSv+;gK4%MuR$e5Qw|5yE{va}"|t?q~|y{5~3]|cY|[}Rv;{>C@>A|H{>8{02IA8{'c/%6u@yUdj/X#e7~pG~nys~!s>'qSr{!@ }WXO.t=ST Nh,:xPxNl(1i6{^lzB #Z}rhU{H=(c7Lz+/2_c/UhC,~#"e,,g-PoCSv oNy/?y"[ZcLBqUI |[X_'?{NN#9/3H[:*^kWb}HS?~y/~mN^{Wh:=R0FW I _o/d[H5Lb{B ue?1~0,:Q0~!,_G1s7>P g^&|"ucy_ e q+_M VA/?'m)XL2.3G}l@/TniF9`~evol Lw -!hvH;NNz97 :E@w}u_@$7tP{lCmx' - $oq D u`PCH:tuaumoWknh j'u/e>:huba>]]-} b5qIC>Lu8"M T@oat)=un*S]K-LvNEiN n;QX6^5w8q#O|ujT| gajT'|Mme@:::vO;~ww]_"hx*cuSz >~D@9:=H#SiX4}ZfxgO_v01;S ~u 8r{K)|'w5{3gz fdO=_'_{ 7C ; nDO2=MOGq)6GLO95=]nvwa|LBrjim5QGMo&N?*&K3w,.%w@zwK};3#oTg)=}G(n*Y1j{IYU;|$ ]mpW+E?y*8kIbtO*(I; {|rnr_>HVhd1P,#PANOEt.`-FzXDwa|J`;U+>ujYUtj'rRVNn;yM]t(tA";l[7t&8- A@Aovuw$iEt[4-TNDn[P`).o6Htu"NK(2%@A: ` hpGF}oO,4*u};J8{Nd Eu|st(#'Jwe05nO(fvvC~#"PvK0}B991% !!Lv#znO&^7'*OtN34C:h'O:d>UUDaOq-c:|wr~9c%.w{K _ut^Ko:3F'mK=PS+v%z^{yr;` [T]76D?7/KuOF/>A0hnoOO1pZ'~t)u)/#}bx;w ^.[3nS+1^ _CXS{OOKslLtXA1$_~uF]ZoO~}Co:'} Oo/oN{?owy1Js/->d.)lc!E6kq,|=N)G[6mH=02i:yJC/S,Oy#J|w>x=_+2]_mJBg8Gy%|#%rlD>:k`O''x"O?~"tLq "SMqHwnC%l :*wwdx0:2dlXw9KOJ>qz*U;ywvjI|!z:;?.?.7~!z,>^/"]b/VU@HoqkZUf`77=/D?'b2|$6qimMvU2dM}c?fz1_dr4KQ_ Rh ~-9kZ;Mo%:y8!{Sf]dcC3w]>P{rqfCbw }kQN.b^_aG,sc&?FH.=$J(7y*WkzTs:E>_gOoCw9j9G /"h,4?TZJ?OL]eNS"?d1O679_9}&v^^*9 :?[rAt_i0)DO2k?k ?I]'~.;>I=)@HP>e{~rO[fjdIXL~FoauJ(3TmSJ).{ wb~fC`k]DeNV t;{9}F(0G!luQ(t_ERqG>:> :|? |UK8:s._vOCSzGA1*b;lK_7 {}7Ua^{4)|e:-r5nI6K[OWWNV`oR_|$r-.}8o{=O+t!K ~)rc-PEMrD`r./xMLdlVr065>p-p YWQ*CRK?1SgfdUyWsD=k"u=6vTo4sKC[zgf,p*7 mT0=l!G{~o"pp& >sBY;#V}-/+O1PRt )V?;vw.G|h-.i@6jRlRD7[sR4R;j$ph{9;B4A6F>Gmg=M BK)1S=1(C)!8L+44R^b~+WC'([ya#Oj,}t|D00i8.vr{9C3h#>7@Vza2U?:s,&K'u 1J6n,&>l&<9Quj11k"-ib/ ^y.W/-AoX@uIIp%Gy`<;jZ.voUZX&55q m6FH& Te JE.Ufu>GI )7fi5YlsP(lvH.v1MH8gaNGu1GakpdnPRQsx]3Uex3hA5d"> 0Eo$.q3(u7JTW~:+XHh fz{43nyxd 1ef):XsYqxMW,V+}d{pd2*n3 csw E$D-FBl>53&*F76kDf|fSUH!* PD>>%fmB8>JZe^|6;[x3M*(]w!yf#*}x3Hk,J=VEV$zJhuHqq(e Y%mj/]hZF8Bo'5VC~UjT{[1#d/f.&B+% ":q|JM*hlBg> JUMb@A&-ejdkpEKx@x%xmu%%F65*M7%)t5C87HV81 !Bd]2 luw1wgcXBF*1D}>Wmk5I /?ot%QIb3q;ZRsW+%QCB<-aj2pYq(G 4 |-%mw0 [$w>I1=j1$ =mtFLa# N=[5}3IIQh{A O=@u ]{nc/`'=rB@kBM_hFdvhKJ=jt=B8F5Z4+hXkZDx*g|CTHJnT B`f`xYddX4eKn]>{7KV;C;jz 9>O%m-dXBT_S8m@X(1&BeT%U_.;%H(qJY/_+6+^3uXl>} MDN c=38AX.*6;sDV=K8--af93 8Q`@odnZkaq8QZsUC?ipIaw{&2{nDfLq @;Y!b(*0voDZzBOW42>gu#jd7ZJuKxNP{6X8pf@Hsl+X1Tf8:r# V;wCgd9F zHDF' Wl <1[[hH{tT!-[Y:S8Hf@5b;floz&OWjhCb#~&)Yuak}y W6}czNUp5sxMZe]xk&2Y,1

Here is the original post:

Twitter users sue Donald Trump for excluding them - The Economist (blog)

Posted in Donald Trump | Comments Off on Twitter users sue Donald Trump for excluding them – The Economist (blog)

Leader of Bryan Cave’s bankruptcy group dies – Kansas City Business Journal

Posted: at 5:43 am


Kansas City Business Journal
Leader of Bryan Cave's bankruptcy group dies
Kansas City Business Journal
Mark Stingley, a partner and the global head of Bryan Cave LLP's Bankruptcy, Restructuring & Creditors' Rights Client Service Group, died Sunday at age 65. Stingley, a 40-year veteran of the practice, joined Bryan Cave in 1995 as a partner in the ...

Read more:

Leader of Bryan Cave's bankruptcy group dies - Kansas City Business Journal

Posted in Bankruptcy | Comments Off on Leader of Bryan Cave’s bankruptcy group dies – Kansas City Business Journal

As Bronin Seeks Givebacks From Bondholders, Averting Bankruptcy … – Hartford Courant

Posted: at 5:43 am

It shouldn't come as a surprise that the two largest Wall Street debt rating agencies have now classified Hartford's bonds as junk.

Downgrades of that sort are exactly what we should expect when the mayor signals he's about to open talks with bondholders, asking them to accept less money. And he's not just signaling it, he's shouting it.

The problem is not the downgrades, it's what comes next an ugly process that doesn't usually lead investors to give back money when cities attempt it, several experts said Wednesday.

Still, Mayor Luke Bronin will give it the old college try. As he sees it, investors who hold more than $700 million in city bonds must be "part of the solution." The New York law firm he hired last week has a specialty in precisely that restructuring municipal debt.

Bronin's hiring of Greenberg Traurig to assess the city's options appears to have been a catalyst that led Standard & Poor's to lower Hartford's bond rating to BB, from BBB- late Tuesday, landing the city in the purgatory of credit quality known as "non-investment grade," or speculative.

In plain English, junk bonds.

Moody's Investors Service reached the same conclusion last fall, and both agencies still have Hartford on a negative watch for even more downgrades.

That means the city for all practical purposes can't borrow money these days. Bronin said he had no plans to do so anyway, but he could find himself in a nasty bind if state money doesn't come through by fall.

JENNA CARLESSO

The chart below shows a year-by-year breakdown of the citys debt service payments. There is a drop in fiscal year 2015 that reflects the citys move to restructure its debt, which pushed payments into the future. Those payments begin to rise significantly in fiscal years 2017 and 2018. The chart...

The chart below shows a year-by-year breakdown of the citys debt service payments. There is a drop in fiscal year 2015 that reflects the citys move to restructure its debt, which pushed payments into the future. Those payments begin to rise significantly in fiscal years 2017 and 2018. The chart... (JENNA CARLESSO)

If these ratings had been in place two years ago, Hartford would not have been able to borrow $66 million to build Dunkin' Donuts Park for the Yard Goats, certainly not at the low rates the city paid. The stadium authority's bonds are rated even lower than general city bonds.

Other than more embarrassment, none of this is bad news for the city, at least not in the sense of a new blow. On the contrary, it reflects bad news we already knew because Bronin has been screaming it from the rooftops of every building in Hartford County: Without a combination of new state money, city spending cuts and union concessions, Hartford won't be able to pay its bills starting later this year.

Now, Bronin is adding bondholders to the list of people who have to give something back.

All of this could ultimately help Hartford homeowners, residents and businesses, if it leads to a stable city. It's more likely to lead to lower taxes than higher taxes if it results in a break in the $44 million in bond debt payments the city owes this year, rising to $75 million in four years.

And that's what has Wall Street nervous. Investors are real people, some of them middle-class holders of tax-free bond funds. If they don't chip in, Bronin will tell them, the city could end up in bankruptcy where no one wins.

The trouble is, extracting givebacks from bond investors is like herding cats, then asking those felines to agree to walk away from their food and go hungry a couple of days every week.

"When you have municipalities that reach out to their debt-holdersoftentimes what each party believes is fair and reasonable is very far apart," said Tim Heaney, senior portfolio manager for municipal bonds at Newfleet Asset Management in Hartford, an affiliate of Virtus Investment Partners with $12 billion under management.

"It's unlikely that bondholders are going to come to the table and say 'OK, we'll take a 25 percent haircut,'" said Heaney, who was speaking generally about bondholder talks, and whose company does not hold Hartford debt.

More likely: Everyone trudges into bankruptcy court if the only way to avoid it is a voluntary haircut by bondholders, Heaney and others said.

"The divide between what creditors would be willing to accept ... and what the municipality wants is often much too wide for any agreement to occur outside of the courts," Heaney said.

Consider that the list of bonds downgraded by S&P goes on for several pages, showing a total of 21 debt issues ranging from $6.5 million to $172 million, each with multiple tranches of maturity dates.

"Do you know how difficult it is to track the owners of bonds? I just don't know how they would do this," said one person familiar with municipal debt issues.

And if you could get everyone together, the person said, "How would you convince a bondholder to take a haircut if the unions aren't taking a haircut? Good luck with that ... You go into bankruptcy to have these discussions because then you have all the players at the table."

In or out of bankruptcy, Heaney said, "You need all sides of the table to come together."

That describes the challenge Bronin, city corporation counsel Howard Rifkin and Nancy Mitchell, the partner from Greenberg Traurig on the case, will face in the coming weeks. It explains why Bronin must extract concessions from the police and city hall unions, as he did from the firefighters.

"The absence of a state budget ... increases the urgency and the severity of what we face," Bronin said.

Even if Gov. Dannel P. Malloy and lawmakers come up with $40 million or $50 million in new money for Hartford, Bronin said Wednesday, "We will still have to have conversations with our bondholders ... There has to be some debt restructuring because our objective is not just to buy a year or two."

Mitchell is co-chairwoman of a restructuring practice at Greenberg Traurig that has worked on both sides of many public bond restructuring deals outside of bankruptcy, Bronin said. "They have extensive experience in bondholder negotiations."

So the team is assembled. The challenge of averting bankruptcy is steep. And with a possible default looming as soon as this year, the starting bell has rung.

See the original post:

As Bronin Seeks Givebacks From Bondholders, Averting Bankruptcy ... - Hartford Courant

Posted in Bankruptcy | Comments Off on As Bronin Seeks Givebacks From Bondholders, Averting Bankruptcy … – Hartford Courant

Dressless brides in Texas are freaking out about Alfred Angelo’s sudden bankruptcy – Chron.com

Posted: at 5:43 am

By Fernando Ramirez, Chron.com / Houston Chronicle

Wedding panic

Brides across the nation are concerned about bridal shop Alfred Angelo's sudden bankruptcy.

Click through to seewedding trends happening in 2017.

@Tina_Braz: Was standing in my future wedding dress, tears in my eyes, saying yes, when I was told #AlfredAngelo has shut down & I can't order the dress

Wedding panic

Brides across the nation are concerned about bridal shop Alfred Angelo's sudden bankruptcy.

Click through to seewedding trends happening in 2017.

@Tina_Braz: Was standing in my future wedding

@DanielSurman: So @AlfredAngelo is declaring bankruptcy. In crappy fashion, they told employees this morning and close doors tomorrow.

@DanielSurman: So @AlfredAngelo is declaring bankruptcy. In crappy fashion, they told employees this morning and close doors tomorrow.

@xtinedanielle: We want & deserve answers, @AlfredAngelo!! Refunds or dresses! How do you just completely IGNORE your paid customers?! @AAngeloCustCare

@xtinedanielle: We want & deserve answers, @AlfredAngelo!! Refunds or dresses! How do you just completely IGNORE your paid customers?! @AAngeloCustCare

@xtinedanielle: One store location did answer the phone. Sales rep said "we're all basically screwed" & gave me Attorney's office to contact. #alfredangelo

@xtinedanielle: One store location did answer the phone. Sales rep said "we're all basically screwed" & gave me Attorney's office to contact. #alfredangelo

@cslade93: @AAngeloCustCare WHAT IS GOING ON. I AM A MONTH AWAY FROM MY WEDDING&STILL NEED 1 MORE BM DRESS. SOMEONE NEEDS TO GET IN TOUCH WITH ME NOW!

@cslade93: @AAngeloCustCare WHAT IS GOING ON. I AM A MONTH AWAY FROM MY WEDDING&STILL NEED 1 MORE BM DRESS. SOMEONE NEEDS TO GET IN TOUCH WITH ME NOW!

@jao5053: @AlfredAngelo seriously your closing and half my bridal party doesn't have their dresses. #banruptcy fml

@jao5053: @AlfredAngelo seriously your closing and half my bridal party doesn't have their dresses. #banruptcy fml

The brides show-off the latest in Whataburger swag. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

The brides show-off the latest in Whataburger swag. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Bridal fashion Tuesday, June 6, 2017 in Houston.

Bridal fashion Tuesday, June 6, 2017 in Houston.

Bridal fashion Tuesday, June 6, 2017 in Houston.

Bridal fashion Tuesday, June 6, 2017 in Houston.

Kirstin Drenon, Mari Trevino, and Kimberly Falgout. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kirstin Drenon, Mari Trevino, and Kimberly Falgout. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Mari Trevino models a Marchesa gown from Joan Pillow Bridal Salon. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Mari Trevino models a Marchesa gown from Joan Pillow Bridal Salon. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kimberly Falgout models a Pronovias gown from Mia Bridal. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kimberly Falgout models a Pronovias gown from Mia Bridal. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kirstin Drenon models a Vera Wang gown from Casa de Novia Bridal Couture. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kirstin Drenon models a Vera Wang gown from Casa de Novia Bridal Couture. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kirstin Drenon, Mari Trevino, and Kimberly Falgout. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kirstin Drenon, Mari Trevino, and Kimberly Falgout. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kimberly Falgout models a Pronovias gown from Casa de Novia Bridal Couture and an H-E-B flower crown. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Kimberly Falgout models a Pronovias gown from Casa de Novia Bridal Couture and an H-E-B flower crown. Tenenbaum Jewelers, Abrahams Oriental Rugs, and Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams furnishings shown throughout.

Whataburger WhatAWedding swag

Whataburger WhatAWedding swag

Whataburger WhatAWedding swag

Whataburger WhatAWedding swag

Wedding Cakes by Tammy Allen cupcakes

Wedding Cakes by Tammy Allen cupcakes

Bulgari "Diva Dreams" emerald necklace

Bulgari "Diva Dreams" emerald necklace

Tote ($70) and Bali tassel ($30) COLORES by Wed to White

Tote ($70) and Bali tassel ($30) COLORES by Wed to White

"Jeans Mrs." Edie Parker clutch ($1,125) at Tootsies

"Jeans Mrs." Edie Parker clutch ($1,125) at Tootsies

Bride's Cake and Groom's Cake Ice Cream by Blue Bell Ice Cream

Bride's Cake and Groom's Cake Ice Cream by Blue Bell Ice Cream

Conservatory at the Bryan Museum

Conservatory at the Bryan Museum

Eberjey "Kiss the Bride" bralet ($69) at Top Drawer Lingerie

Eberjey "Kiss the Bride" bralet ($69) at Top Drawer Lingerie

Eberjey "Kiss the Bride" ruffle thong ($36) at Top Drawer Lingerie

Eberjey "Kiss the Bride" ruffle thong ($36) at Top Drawer Lingerie

Rose gold wedding band ($495) Robbins Brothers

Rose gold wedding band ($495) Robbins Brothers

Floral archway by Richard Flowers

Floral archway by Richard Flowers

Wool tuxedo ($639) at Suit Supply

Wool tuxedo ($639) at Suit Supply

"Butterfly Garden" Versace setting at Kuhl-Linscomb

"Butterfly Garden" Versace setting at Kuhl-Linscomb

Vinglace cooler (from $79.95) at Bering's

Vinglace cooler (from $79.95) at Bering's

Nudistsong Sandal ($398) at Stuart Weitzman

Nudistsong Sandal ($398) at Stuart Weitzman

Limited-edition Yeti cooler ($299) at Kuhl-Linscomb

Limited-edition Yeti cooler ($299) at Kuhl-Linscomb

Dressless brides in Texas are freaking out about Alfred Angelo's sudden bankruptcy

Houston's fourAlfred Angelo bridal shops may soon be shutting down.

Dozens of locations around the nation have abruptly closed their doors amid reports of bankruptcy.

Hundreds of brides expecting orders from Alfred Angelo's 62 nationwide stores took to Twitter, voicing concerns about whether they would get their dresses from pending orders.

SMOOTH: Houston man proposes to girlfriend by creating romantic music video

Story continues below...

Many have pointed outAlfred Angelo's corporate silence or lack of official statement. According to the Palm Beach Post, employees were seen leaving the business's corporate headquarters "en masse" carrying personal belongings.

One Texas bride told theSan Antonio Express-News that an Alfred Angelo manager called to inform her that she needed to pick up her dress by the end of the night. Another bride told the paper that one location told her "we're all basically screwed."

SCOT-FREE: Houston man arrested for freeway proposal off probation

As of Thursday night,Alfred Angelo has not released a public statement concerning their reported, abrupt bankruptcy.

Click through above to see the wedding trends of 2017.

Read more:

Dressless brides in Texas are freaking out about Alfred Angelo's sudden bankruptcy - Chron.com

Posted in Bankruptcy | Comments Off on Dressless brides in Texas are freaking out about Alfred Angelo’s sudden bankruptcy – Chron.com