Daily Archives: June 24, 2017

Atomic imperfections move quantum communication network closer … – Phys.Org

Posted: June 24, 2017 at 2:59 pm

June 23, 2017 Single spins in silicon carbide absorb and emit single photons based on the state of their spin. Credit: Prof. David Awschalom

An international team led by the University of Chicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering has discovered how to manipulate a weird quantum interface between light and matter in silicon carbide along wavelengths used in telecommunications.

The work advances the possibility of applying quantum mechanical principles to existing optical fiber networks for secure communications and geographically distributed quantum computation. Prof. David Awschalom and his 13 co-authors announced their discovery in the June 23 issue of Physical Review X.

"Silicon carbide is currently used to build a wide variety of classical electronic devices today," said Awschalom, the Liew Family Professor in Molecular Engineering at UChicago and a senior scientist at Argonne National Laboratory. "All of the processing protocols are in place to fabricate small quantum devices out of this material. These results offer a pathway for bringing quantum physics into the technological world."

The findings are partly based on theoretical models of the materials performed by Awschalom's co-authors at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest. Another research group in Sweden's Linkping University grew much of the silicon carbide material that Awschalom's team tested in experiments at UChicago. And another team at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology in Japan helped the UChicago researchers make quantum defects in the materials by irradiating them with electron beams.

Quantum mechanics govern the behavior of matter at the atomic and subatomic levels in exotic and counterintuitive ways as compared to the everyday world of classical physics. The new discovery hinges on a quantum interface within atomic-scale defects in silicon carbide that generates the fragile property of entanglement, one of the strangest phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics.

Entanglement means that two particles can be so inextricably connected that the state of one particle can instantly influence the state of the other, no matter how far apart they are.

"This non-intuitive nature of quantum mechanics might be exploited to ensure that communications between two parties are not intercepted or altered," Awschalom said.

Exploiting quantum mechanics

The findings enhance the once-unexpected opportunity to create and control quantum states in materials that already have technological applications, Awschalom noted. Pursuing the scientific and technological potential of such advances will become the focus of the newly announced Chicago Quantum Exchange, which Awschalom will direct.

An especially intriguing aspect of the new paper was that silicon carbide semiconductor defects have a natural affinity for moving information between light and spin (a magnetic property of electrons). "A key unknown has always been whether we could find a way to convert their quantum states to light," said David Christle, a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Chicago and lead author of the work. "We knew a light-matter interface should exist, but we might have been unlucky and found it to be intrinsically unsuitable for generating entanglement. We were very fortuitous in that the optical transitions and the process that converts the spin to light is of very high quality."

The defect is a missing atom that causes nearby atoms in the material to rearrange their electrons. The missing atom, or the defect itself, creates an electronic state that researchers control with a tunable infrared laser.

"What quality basically means is: How many photons can you get before you've destroyed the quantum state of the spin?" said Abram Falk, a researcher at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Resarch Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., who is familiar with the work but not a co-author on the paper.

The UChicago researchers found that they could potentially generate up to 10,000 photons, or packets of light, before they destroyed the spin state. "That would be a world record in terms of what you could do with one of these types of defect states," Falk added.

Awschalom's team was able to turn the quantum state of information from single electron spins in commercial wafers of silicon carbide into light and read it out with an efficiency of approximately 95 percent.

Millisecond coherence

The duration of the spin statecalled coherencethat Awschalom's team achieved was a millisecond. Not much by clock standards, but quite a lot in the realm of quantum states, in which multiple calculations can be carried out in a nanosecond, or a billionth of a second.

The feat opens up new possibilities in silicon carbide because its nanoscale defects are a leading platform for new technologies that seek to use quantum mechanical properties for quantum information processing, sensing magnetic and electric fields and temperature with nanoscale resolution, and secure communications using light.

"There's about a billion-dollar industry of power electronics built on silicon carbide," Falk said. "Following this work, there's an opportunity to build a platform for quantum communication that leverages these very advanced classical devices in the semiconductor industry," he said.

Most researchers studying defects for quantum applications have focused on an atomic defect in diamond, which has become a popular visible-light testbed for these technologies.

"Diamond has been this huge industry of quantum control work," Falk noted. Dozens of research groups across the country have spent more than a decade perfecting the material to achieve standards that Awschalom's group has mastered in silicon carbide after only a few years of investigation.

Silicon carbide versatility

"There are many different forms of silicon carbide, and some of them are commonly used today in electronics and optoelectronics," Awschalom said. "Quantum states are present in all forms of silicon carbide that we've explored. This bodes well for introducing quantum mechanical effects into both electronic and optical technologies."

Researchers now are beginning to wonder if this type of physics also may work in other materials, Falk noted.

"Moreover, can we rationally design a defect that has the properties we want, not just stumble into one?" he asked.

Defects are the key.

"For decades the electronics industry has come up with a myriad of tricks to remove all the defects from their devices because defects often cause problems in conventional electronics," Awschalom explained. "Ironically, we're putting the defects back in for quantum systems."

Explore further: Exceptionally robust quantum states found in industrially important semiconductor

More information: "Isolated Spin Qubuits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface," Physical Review X (2017). journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046

Harnessing solid-state quantum bits, or qubits, is a key step toward the mass production of electronic devices based on quantum information science and technology. However, realizing a robust qubit with a long lifetime is ...

A discovery by physicists at UC Santa Barbara may earn silicon carbide -- a semiconductor commonly used by the electronics industry -- a role at the center of a new generation of information technologies designed to exploit ...

Quantum computersa possible future technology that would revolutionize computing by harnessing the bizarre properties of quantum bits, or qubits. Qubits are the quantum analogue to the classical computer bits "0" and "1." ...

An electronics technology that uses the "spin" - or magnetization - of atomic nuclei to store and process information promises huge gains in performance over today's electron-based devices. But getting there is proving challenging.

For 60 years computers have become smaller, faster and cheaper. But engineers are approaching the limits of how small they can make silicon transistors and how quickly they can push electricity through devices to create digital ...

Entanglement is one of the strangest phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics, the theory that underlies most of modern physics. It says that two particles can be so inextricably connected that the state of one particle can ...

An international team led by the University of Chicago's Institute for Molecular Engineering has discovered how to manipulate a weird quantum interface between light and matter in silicon carbide along wavelengths used in ...

Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory discovered that they could functionalize magnetic materials through a thoroughly unlikely method, by adding amounts of the virtually non-magnetic element scandium ...

(Phys.org)In the late 1800s when scientists were still trying to figure out what exactly atoms are, one of the leading theories, proposed by Lord Kelvin, was that atoms are knots of swirling vortices in the aether. Although ...

New research by physicists at the University of Chicago settles a longstanding disagreement over the formation of exotic quantum particles known as Efimov molecules.

Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado Boulder have demonstrated a new mobile, ground-based system that could scan and map atmospheric gas plumes over kilometer ...

In experiments at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, scientists were able to see the first step of a process that protects a DNA building block called thymine from sun damage: When it's hit with ...

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How many times is Phys.org going to repeat this fallacy ?

The distance of this influence is definitely limited by decoherence, i.e. the tendency of vacuum fluctuations (which manifest itself like the CMB radiation and thermal noise) to disrupt the entangled state (i.e. to desynchronize pilot waves of entangled objects). Inside the diamond or silicon carbide (which is similar to diamond in many extents) the strength of bonds between atoms is so high, that the effects of thermal vibrations are diminished, which makes these materials perspective systems for storage of spin and another states of atoms. I just don't think, that these states are quantized, because they require many quanta of energy (more than 10.000 photons) for switching their spin state. IMO they're rather close to classical systems of storage information within laser pulses, like the layers of dyes etc.. The another question whether the speed of this influence is infinite is also disputable, despite that we have indicia, in pure quantum system it gets actually superluminal.

Entanglement is two photons created at the source with opposite spins which sum to zero. There is no such thing as spooky action at a distance, full stop.

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Fox & Friends is Donald Trump’s safe space – Salon

Posted: at 2:58 pm

President Donald Trump loves rallies, but he cant hold a rally every day. Sometimes he has to turn to Fox & Friends.

Amid a series of moves closing off access to the administration for journalists including recent major changes to the frequency and format of official press briefings the president and first lady Melania Trump are tapingan exclusive interview today with Fox News Ainsley Earhardt, his first televised, in-person interview in six weeks. (The interview is set to air Friday.) This move makes perfect sense for Trump, who is mired in countless major scandals and can expect to avoid being grilled about any of them on Fox & Friends, known more for its family-barbecue brand of casual, coded racism and xenophobia than for actual journalism.

The interview also speaks to a larger trend in the presidents approach to the press, as he increasingly elevates and prioritizes loyal conservative sycophants over actual news outlets. After tomorrows Fox & Friendsinterview, Trump will have given as many interviews to Fox & Friends (three) during his presidency as he has to ABC, CBS, NBC, and CNN combined.

Since his inauguration, Trump has given 10 televised interviews in total to Fox News (and one to Fox Business), one each to CBS, ABC, NBC, MSNBC, and the Christian Broadcasting Network, and none to CNN.

Trumps decision to grant another sit-down interview tohis friends at Fox & Friendscomes 40 days after his last one-on-one interview with Foxs Jeanine Pirro, who also asked him predictable softball questions. It is an ideal move for a president who wants to appear as if hes granting media access without being accessible to any members of the media who might actually ask him a critical question. (The last time he allowed that to happen, he stepped on a James Comey-shaped rake courtesy of NBCs Lester Holt.)

Trumps retreat to his friends at Fox is happening in the midst of his administrations unprecedented war on the press at large. On the same day the president and first lady are sitting down with Earhardt, elsewhere in the White House, deputy press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders conducted yet another bizarre and pointlesspress briefing that barredvideo recordings. The frequency of the White House press briefings and gaggles recorded or otherwise has been sharply declining in recent months. The Washington Posts Callum Borchers calculated that the total White House press briefing time for June will shrink to about a third of what it was in March.

Trump also lags far behind his predecessors in holding solo presidential press conferences. So far, Trump has held just one press conference, in which he called CNNs Jim Acosta fake news; at this point in previous administrations, President Barack Obama had held six, President George W. Bush had held three, and President Bill Clinton had held seven solo press conferences.

Fox News (and Fox & Friends, in particular) is predictably the runaway favorite when Trump is compelled to branch out from public interaction via Twitter and rallies. As Politicos Joanna Weiss wrote last month:

Trumps cozy relationship with Fox & Friends has become one of the great curiosities of his unusual presidency. A well-known cable TV devotee, Trump has found inspiration for his Twitter timeline in various programs but none so much as Fox News Channels 6-9 a.m. talk show.

[. . .]

Its not hard to understand the shows appeal. While the rest of the media frets and wails over Trumps policies and sounds the alarm over his tweets, Fox & Friends remains unrelentingly positive. Its pitched to the frequency of the Trump base, but it also feels intentionally designed for Trump himself a three-hour, high-definition ego fix. For a president who no longer regularly receives adulation from screaming crowds at mega rallies, Fox & Friends offers daily affirmation that he is successful and adored, that his America is winning after all.

On Twitter, his preferred mode of communication with the public, the president has repeatedly lavished Fox & Friendswith praise since taking office. Trump routinely appeared on the show throughout his campaign, often calling in just to talk or complain about whatever was bothering him, including on Election Day. For years beforehand, he even had a weekly call-in segment on the show to share this thoughts about the news of the day.

The warm and familiar embrace of Fox & Friendsis where Trump turns for unconditional support in furthering an alternate reality where his presidency is historically successful and his critics are merely unfair or needlessly mean. Perhaps thats why Ivanka Trump is also now frequenting the show her own one-on-one interview with Earhardtwas pushed back to accomodate her fathers,but it will air on Monday.

Rob Savillo contributed original researchto this post.

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Stephen Colbert Tweets at Donald Trump and Mulls 2020 Run – TIME

Posted: at 2:58 pm

Comedian Stephen ColbertPhotograph by Roger L. WollenbergGetty/Pool

While in Russia, Stephen Colbert sent a tweet to President Donald Trump and announced he was considering a White House run.

"I am here to announce that I am considering a run for President in 2020, and I thought it would be better to cut out the middle man and just tell the Russians myself," Colbert said on the Russian late-night show Evening Urgant on Friday.

As the American TV host continued poking fun at allegations that President Trump's campaign may have colluded with Russia , Colbert added, "If anyone would like to work on my campaign, in an unofficial capacity, please just let me know."

Russian host Ivan Urgant joined in on the fun saying, "Its a pleasure to drink with the future U.S. President. To you, Stephen. I wish you luck. We will do everything we can so you become President."

Colbert tweeted a picture of himself in Russia to the President Thursday with the caption, "Don't worry, Mr. President. I'm in Russia. If the 'tapes' exist , I'll bring you back a copy!"

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‘Julius Caesar’ Star Considered The Play To Be Donald Trump ‘Resistance’ – HuffPost

Posted: at 2:58 pm

The New York Public Theaters presentation of William Shakespeares 400-year-old play, Julius Caesar was embroiled in controversy this month, with protests over a choice to costume the titular character as President Donald Trump. This wardrobe decision was controversial because senators plot to stab Caesar to death in the play.

Now that this run of Julius Caesar has come to an end, actor Corey Stoll has written a piece for Vulture about what it was like to star in the play. Stoll had the role of Marcus Brutus, a reluctant assassin of Caesar.

Although the play is explicitly about the pitfalls of assassination, Stoll wrote that following through with the play amid the protest eventually felt like a contribution to the resistance. These days, that term is loaded to evoke the phrase #resist which refers to a rallying cry against Trump.

The protesters never shut us down, but we had to fight each night to make sure they did not distort the story we were telling, wrote Stoll in the piece that was published Friday. At that moment, watching my castmates hold their performances together, it occurred to me that this is resistance.

Watch video of two protestors disrupting a performance:

Stoll, who memorably played an eventually murdered politician in the first season of House of Cards, said that he had no idea this production would portray Trump so explicitly before signing on to the role.

Stoll was frustrated by the choice at first, as he feared involving Trump would overshadow the rest of the performance.

A passage from Stolls piece:

When I signed on to play the reluctant assassin Marcus Brutus in this production, I didnt know Caesar would be an explicit avatar for President Trump. I suspected that an American audience in 2017 might see aspects of him in the character, a democratically elected leader with autocratic tendencies. I did not think anyone would see it as an endorsement of violence against him. The play makes it clear that Caesars murder, which occurs midway through the play, is ruinous for Brutus and his co-conspirators, and for democracy itself ...

After four weeks in the rehearsal room, we moved to the theater and I saw Caesars Trump-like costume and wig for the first time. I was disappointed by the literal design choice. I had little fear of offending people, but I worried that the nuanced character work we had done in the rehearsal room would get lost in what could seem like a Saturday Night Live skit. I was right and wrong.

chudakov2 via Getty Images

After the presidents eldest child,Donald Trump Jr., blamed this production for the actions of the gunman who fired on a baseball team made up of Republican congressmen, Stoll began to fear for his own life.

Like most Americans, I was saddened and horrified, but when the presidents son and others blamed us for the violence, I became scared, wrote Stoll.

The production was plagued with disruptions from protestors, but fortunately had none that caused physically critical harm.

Read the whole piece at Vulture.

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Johnny Depp apologizes for joking about assassinating Donald Trump – Bangor Daily News

Posted: at 2:58 pm

Johnny Depp apologized Friday for making flip remarks about assassinating the president. In a statement to People, the actor said, I apologize for the bad joke I attempted last night in poor taste about President Trump. It did not come out as intended, and I intended no malice. I was only trying to amuse, not to harm anyone.

Depp was Glastonbury Festivals inaugural guest at its new Cineramageddon drive-in movie theater in Britain Thursday night, and he certainly gave the place a memorable launch. While introducing a screening of his 2004 movie The Libertine, he made inflammatory statements about President Donald Trump.

I think he needs help and there are a lot of wonderful dark, dark places he could go, Depp said, according to the Guardian.

He then asked the crowd, When was the last time an actor assassinated the president?

The answer is 1865, when John Wilkes Booth shot and killed Abraham Lincoln at Fords Theatre.

It is just a question Im not insinuating anything, he assured the crowd. By the way, this is going to be in the press. It will be horrible. I like that you are all a part of it.

He also claimed he wasnt referring to himself, since hes not really an actor.

I lie for a living, he clarified. However, it has been a while and maybe it is time.

White House officials were not amused.

The joke is no laughing matter, Kellyanne Conway, counselor to the president, told The Washington Post in a phone interview. These things are real.

Conway called Depp a nut job and said his statement was not a slip of the tongue but rather a deliberate attempt to spread vile ideas that could easily inflame lunatics who wish to bring harm.

A Secret Service spokesman told The Post that the agency is aware of the comment in question. For security reasons, we cannot discuss specifically nor in general terms the means and methods of how we perform our protective responsibilities.

Depp is hardly the first celebrity to target Trump.

Madonna came under fire in January, after she said shed thought an awful lot about blowing up the White House.

Comedian Kathy Griffin was roundly criticized and fired from CNN after she was photographed holding a mask of what looked like President Trumps bloody severed head.

We expect actors and musicians and others to continue to spew hateful rhetoric, Conway said Friday.

How, she wondered, will people react to Depps remarks?

Will people chide him, discipline him or drop him? she asked.

In a sharply worded statement to The Post, deputy White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said that President Trump has condemned violence in all forms and its sad that others like Johnny Depp have not followed his lead. I hope that some of Mr. Depps colleagues will speak out against this type of rhetoric as strongly as they would if his comments were directed to a Democrat elected official.

This isnt the first time Depp has aired his feelings about Trump; he played the then-candidate in Funny or Dies The Art of the Deal: The Movie in early 2016. But that was mere parody not something the Secret Service might need to investigate.

Depp has been the subject of plenty of bad press in the past year. First there was the very public implosion of his short marriage to Amber Heard, who claimed the actor had physically abused her. Photos of her bruised face circulated on the internet.

Meanwhile, Depp sued his business managers, who in turn countersued, going public with some very unsavory accusations about the actor, saying that he has compulsive spending disorder and had squandered hundreds of millions of dollars with an outrageously extravagant lifestyle that included spending $30,000 every month on wine. According to a Hollywood Reporter story about Depps recent troubles, he was also difficult on the set of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, where he routinely showed up late for work, leaving the cast and crew waiting around for hours.

And now there are his statements at Glastonbury.

If Kathy Griffins experience joking about Trumps death by holding up a fake severed head that resembled the president is any indication, there could be some serious blowback. Griffin ended up making a tearful apology but still lost her New Years Eve gig with CNN.

This isnt Depps first public apology. He had to do so on videotape when he and Heard illegally smuggled their dogs into Australia. The formal apology the pair made was stilted and stiff but at least seemed genuine. Later, Depp told Jimmy Kimmel that there had been a few takes of the mea culpa, since it was hard for him to keep his composure.

So much for saying sorry. But Depp said it himself: He lies for a living.

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Maura Healey’s top target these days is Donald Trump – The Boston Globe

Posted: at 2:58 pm

In January, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey arrived at a press conference to announce that her office was taking action challenging President Trumps executive order on immigration.

It took only three days for Attorney General Maura Healey to take President Trump to court, filing two legal challenges in January while the nation was still debating the size of the inauguration crowd on the National Mall.

Now, just six months into Trumps term, Healey has racked up 11 legal cases against the Republican presidents agenda, a pace of nearly one court challenge every two weeks.

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The full impact of the legal barrage is not yet clear because most of the lawsuits are pending. But the fusillade is evidence of the increasingly aggressive and, some might say, partisan role that Democratic state attorneys general are taking in the Trump era.

The legal battles could also burnish Healeys reputation among Democratic voters, who already view her as a rising star and potential candidate for higher office.

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What were seeing, and certainly Healey is one of the leaders, is really an escalation of the AGs national role, said Paul Nolette, a Marquette University political scientist who studies the rising influence of state attorneys general in shaping federal policy. Whether its reversing Obamas regulations or going after something new, like the travel ban, theyre saying, Were going to be the first line of defense and push back on that.

Mass. AG Maura Healey has taken action against the Trump administration on numerous fronts in the past six months.

Republican attorneys general launched a similar assault on President Obamas agenda when he was in office, suing him over issues ranging from transgender rights to immigration and health care. But most of those lawsuits didnt begin until Obamas second year in office, and the full onslaught didnt start until his second term, Nolette said.

Whats new here is just the rapid escalation of all this, he said. The Democratic AGs, including Healey, are just jumping right into the fray during the earliest days and months of the administration.

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So far, Healey has filed or joined multistate legal challenges to the Trump administrations efforts to cut funding for the Affordable Care Act, enact bans on travel from several countries, undo student loan regulations, lessen oversight of for-profit colleges, and loosen environmental rules for oil and gas producers, trucks, electrical appliances, and light bulbs.

She also has also signed another dozen legal briefs, letters, and administrative requests in support of other states lawsuits against the travel ban and in opposition to administration policies related to the environment and consumer protection.

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President Donald Trump.

Some legal observers contend the growing portfolio of federal court matters could drain attention and resources away from Healeys traditional duties as attorney general: to defend state agencies in court, issue advisory opinions on legal matters, and prosecute unscrupulous corporations and individuals.

The question is whether some of these lawsuits are depleting resources that might be used to pursue other important initiatives, especially if other states are challenging Trump and there is no fiscal cost to simply signing onto the briefs of other states, said Neal E. Devins, a professor at William & Mary Law School.

Healey insisted there is no tension between her federal legal activities and her responsibilities in Massachusetts, saying her battles against Trump are aimed at protecting local interests.

She said, for example, that Trumps executive orders to ban travel from some Muslim countries would have hurt local universities ability to attract top talent, that laxer energy-efficiency standards would undermine the states clean-energy sector, and that a delay sought by the US Department of Education in processing federal loan discharges could harm thousands of Massachusetts students. That is why, she said, she took steps to challenge those policies.

Weve run headlong into a brick wall when it comes to the Trump administration looking to take away rights and protections and to take us backwards, said Healey, who was elected in 2014. Thats why we absolutely have to be there as state AGs. This is our job, and if we dont do it, the question is: Who will?

From a legal standpoint, some scholars argue that Healeys attempts to defend federal regulations are an attempt to bypass Congress and craft national policy effectively legislating through litigation.

Shes overstepping her bounds as a state official trying to implement federal policy, and as an executive official trying to usurp federal power, said John C. Eastman, a law professor at Chapman University in Irvine, Calif. Weve got a real separation of powers problem.

Healey argued, however, that she is acting safely within her authority.

This is exactly the role of the state attorney general: Its to enforce the law, to make sure people are complying with the law, and to bring legal action when necessary to protect the interests of our state, she said.

Previous state attorneys general also sued Republican administrations but not as frequently, said James M. Shannon, who was the Democratic attorney general of Massachusetts during the first Bush presidency.

Shannon attributed the surge in legal cases against Trump to the extraordinarily aggressive actions he has taken as president some of it illegal, like the immigration ban.

Jessica Rinaldi/Globe Staff

Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey.

And its exacerbated because you dont have a Congress to stop him, he said. So I would say this is the first time weve seen the attorney generals office here, and across the country, really be the front line of opposition.

Politically, the legal challenges could lift Healeys standing among Democrats who want her to challenge Republican Charlie Baker in next years governors race. Healey has said she is running for reelection. But there is precedent elsewhere for her legal strategy leading to higher office.

When he was attorney general of Texas, Republican Greg Abbott boasted of the more than 30 lawsuits he filed against Obama, famously declaring that his job was straightforward: I go into the office in the morning. I sue Barack Obama, and then I go home. Partly on the strength of that record, Abbott was elected governor of Texas in 2014.

You can make a name for yourself in a state were the president is unpopular, said Saikrishna Prakash, a University of Virginia law professor. While other officials can only rail against the federal government, Healeys lawsuits signal to voters that shes taking action, he said.

Healey dismissed the comparison to Abbott and the implication that her court cases could give her a political boost.

Greg Abbott was somebody who said his job was to go to work, sue the Obama administration, and go home, she said. That is not the job of the attorney general. The job of the attorney general is to enforce the law and to make sure that youre fighting to protect the interests of the state, within the bounds of the law. And thats what were doing.

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Under Trump, US foreign policy is increasingly being left to the generals – Quartz

Posted: at 2:58 pm

Qatar is home to the USs largest military base in the Middle East and a long-time US ally. Since its Gulf neighbors, led by Saudi Arabia, imposed a blockade two weeks ago, president Donald Trump has enthusiastically praised the blockade and attacked Qatarcontradicting the messages from his own Defense Department, State Department, and Senate Republicans. His ex-ambassador to Qatar, who abruptly stepped down last week, this week took to Twitter to cheer the State Department for chiding the Saudis.

That same day, Trump chastised Chinas attempts to rein in North Korea, tweeting that it had not worked out. That must have made for an uncomfortable meeting, just hours later, between top Chinese defense officials and diplomats and the US secretaries of State, Rex Tillerson, and Defense, James Mattis.

US foreign policy experts who spoke to Quartz, many of whom work or worked in the National Security Council, State Department, or Pentagon in the past, say theyve rarely seen such a wide-open divide between what a US president is saying and long-stated US government agenda, or between the president and his own top policy and security advisors. It looks like we have two governments at the moment, said Edward Goldberg, a professor at New York Universitys Center For Global Affairs, and author of The Joint Ventured Nation: Why America Needs A New Foreign Policy.

Aside from contradicting his own officials, Trump has made a habit of bypassing them. This week his son-in-law and senior adviser, Jared Kushner, and the Trump Organizations former legal counsel are in Israel for peace talks with Israeli and Palestinian authoritiescutting out the State Department and its decades of experience. Kushner will brief Trump, Tillerson, and national security advisor HR McMaster on his return, according to the White House. During Trumps last visit to the Middle East, Kushner sat in on a meeting with Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu, while McMaster was left outside, reportedly for hours.

White House officials seem to have given up trying to reconcile the conflicting approaches. Asked on Air Force One on June 21 how the presidents tweets affected Mattis and Tillersons meeting with Chinese officials, a spokeswoman had only this enigmatic response: The president is not going to project his strategy. And tweets speak for themselves. While Trump has focused on a few hot spots, the result is that the bureaucrats and generals are running much of US foreign policy.

Traditionally, the National Security Council (NSC) is supposed to serve as the presidents chief advisory body on foreign policy, funneling information from State, Defense, and intelligence agencies into a cohesive action plan. Some tensions are normal; in the Barack Obama administration, friction between the Oval Office, NSC, State, and Defense ran high over how to respond to ISIL and the Russian invasion of Crimea, among other topics.

But this time is different. Mattis, McMaster, and usually Tillerson are increasingly united around traditional US policy goals, as in Qatar. Trump, backed by a tiny group of personal confidantes with no foreign-policy experience, including Steve Bannon and Kusher, is disregarding them.

Not only are officials from these agencies openly contradicting the president; more quietly, some are recommending that his public statements be ignored. US foreign policy still works fine if the international community realizes they dont have to react to every Trump tweet, explained one defense department official, who asked not to be named.

The message to the rest of the world is that it is not a systematic policy development process, said Stephen Biddle, a defense policy expert at the Council of Foreign Relations and a former advisor to the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is poorly managed, poorly coordinated, and is going to be a challenge for any US embassy to try to understand and explain. You cant take a garden variety statement from the president or the secretary of State as US policy, said Biddle.

In the worst case, this confusion could cause the US to bumble into a war. We might find ourselves in a major military conflict with Assad, Iran, or Russia, without knowing why, exactly, or what US interests are, said Ilan Goldenberg, a director of the Middle East Security Program at the Center for a New American Security, and a former State Department chief of staff.

Some military heads of command have already had a conversation about what to do if Trump gives an order they cant comply with, said a former National Security Agency analyst who still consults for the US government, citing direct conversations with military agency personnel. If it gets to a point beyond their comfort level, theyre well trained by the military not to disobey, said the defense official. Instead, expect the military leaders to just say Im out.

Kushners close relationship with Saudi prince Mohammad bin Salman, the 31-year old who has just been named successor to the aging King Salman, has shaped Trumps embrace of Saudi Arabia, analysts say. He has also helped moderate the presidents views on China. Because he has the presidents ear at any time, his influence has proven hard to counteract. Kushner has proven tough to work around, one lobbyist in DC with foreign clients said.

But Kushners foreign-policy inexperience is a risk for the situation now developing in the Middle East. Its much more dangerous than other previous spats, said Bruce Riedel, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. What the Saudi royal family is doing is arguing whether the ruling family of Qatar has legitimacy, he said. If the Saudis want to push it all the way to its logical end, this could become a very dangerous crisis in the Gulf.

Moreover, the special prosecutor investigating the Trump campaigns possible ties to Russian election hacking is now investigating Kushners business dealings. If he becomes a bigger focus of the probe his star, and his influence, is likely to fade.

One Washington, DC consultant to Middle East governments compares Trumps stance on Qatar to a car with no driver but only a set of brakesin the form of State, Defense, and the NSC. The brakes are all that is stopping the tensions around Qatar turning into an all-out war against a US ally.

One emerging outcome of this is that foreign policy in general is increasingly under the control of the military. Mattis has a tremendous amount of autonomy, billions of dollars of weaponry at his disposal, and political capital, said Goldenberg. He can make decisions and back them up with real action. In particular, Mattis has been given full responsibility for troop levels in Afghanistan, normally something the president decides.

Described as both deeply thoughtful and extremely aggressive, Mattis earned a fearsome reputation for leading Marine troops in the bloody 2004 attack on Fallujah, but said last year he thought the Iraq war was a strategic mistake. Since taking the Defense job, he has urged for the US to provide more military support for anti-Iranian forces (paywall) in Yemen, and has armed Syrian Kurdish fighters.

McMaster, himself a general with experience in the Middle East and Afghanistan, has ex-Army officials Derek Harvey and Joel Rayburn on his team, giving even more heft to the military point of view. In contrast, Tillerson, as a civilian voice on foreign policy, is hampered by running a department with large numbers of senior posts and ambassadorships still unfilled, while trying to defend its budget, which Trump has targeted for nearly 30% cuts.

Taken together, the team is smart and well-respected, said Goldenberg. But, sometimes things cant be figured out with a military solution, he said. Sometimes they are grayer and murkier and uglier than good guys and bad guys.

A White House spokesman, Michael Short said that questions about a disconnect between the presidents words and the State and Defense departments actions were nebulous claims. Trump and Tillerson, he said, have both stated publicly that there are steps that Qatar needs to take to address concerns about support for terrorists and extremists. Given the high stakes involved, the United States is disappointed that this dispute between our partners in the Gulf has not been resolved.

The State Department is still pointing to a diplomatic solution. The president and the secretary both want to see the Qatar dispute resolved quickly, one official said. Through the secretarys phone calls and meetings, he believes it can be resolved.

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Why did the factory cross the road? To get away from Donald Trump’s kiss of death – Quartz

Posted: at 2:58 pm

If you are an American worried about your local factory losing jobs, better not let Donald Trump find out.

Four reasons why:

In February, the US president visited the Boeing factory in North Charleston, SC. We are going to fight for every last American job, he declared at the rollout of the Dreamliner 787-10 passenger jet. He added, jobs is one of the primary reasons Im standing here today as your president, and I will never, ever disappoint you. Believe me, I will not disappoint you.

On Thursday (June 22), Boeing announced 200 jobs would be eliminated at the plant, as it faces stiff competition from its European rival Airbus.

In December, president-elect Trump visited the Carrier plant in Indianapolis, Indiana, to express his glee at a deal to keep 1,100 jobs there that had been slated to go to Mexico. And by the way, that number is going to go up very substantially as they expand this area, Trump said. So the 1,100 is going to be a minimum number. He added, These companies are not going to be taking peoples hearts out. They are not going to be announcing, like they did at Carrier, that they are closing up and moving to Mexico.

On Thursday, CNBC reported that more than 600 employees at the plant will be losing their jobs, as the deal did not work out as advertised. Last month, the company told Indiana officials about 800 factory employees would still have jobs when the layoffs end.

In December, Trump took notice of an industrial-bearings manufacturers plan to lay off its Indianapolis employees:

Well, not exactly. In late March, as noted by the Los Angeles Times, the company nevertheless started the shuttering process.

On Thursday, it was reported that the closing is coming in September. Plant union president Don Zering told the Associated Press that production by the remaining 110 workers goes on only because factories in Mexico and McAllen, Texasquite close to the borderarent yet prepared to do the work.

In January, Ford, the second-largest US automaker, pulled back on its plan to build a new plant in Mexico for the next generation of the Focus, a small-car model, a move that came after criticism from the president-elect. The new Focus instead would be manufactured at an existing plant in Mexico, Ford said.

On June 20, Ford announced it will build the new Focus, not in the US or Mexico, but in China.

There was no response from the president. He left that task to his Commerce secretary, who added a new optimistic twist in the face of the disappointing news.

The Ford decision shows how flexible multinational companies are in terms of geography, Wilbur Ross said. I believe that as President Trumps policies and reforms take hold, more companies will begin to locate their facilities in the US as several German and Japanese automakers already have.

The Detroit Free Press observed that Rosss cheery statement lacked any of the bellicose remarks made by candidate Trump about what he would do to manufacturers.

So no worries, America. It turns out the world is a complicated place that requires subtlety to navigate. The White House is on it.

This story has been updated to clarify the details of Fords January announcement about its manufacturing plans in Mexico.

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Donald Trump Rally Video Accidentally Proclaims He’s ‘Putting Our Minors Back to Work’ – PEOPLE.com

Posted: at 2:58 pm

Attention all unemployed minors: Jobs are coming!

Donald Trump, 71, delivered a speech at arally on Friday in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, promising new jobs and support for our veterans.

But the presidents message was slightly skewed in a video promotion for the rally that Trump himself posted on Facebook later in the day.

The videos creator seems to have fallen victim to a classic case of homophone confusion, writing that the White House is putting our minors back to work referring to underage citizens as opposed to the coal miners Trump has championed throughout his campaign and presidency.

The gaff did not go unnoticed on Social Media, where Trump supporters and detractors joked about the typo. Facebook user Steve Robbins commented,Hopefully the miners get work also. I mean its great for our youth to have employment, but mining seems kind of dangerous as a first job.

This is absolutely hysterical!! wrote Ivelisse Berio LeBeau. Yes, lets put kids back to work, who cares about child labor laws!

Trump supporter Kim Rubin commented, Whoever is writing your copy needs to learn to spell! MINORS are children; MINERS mine coal. Dont get me wrong, Im a Trump fan, but that doesnt mean I give glaring mistakes a pass!

Ironically, minor miners were common in the early years of the 20th century, when children were preferred to do the work due to their small stature and ability to fit in spaces adults could not. One of the first child labor laws for the mines was passed in 1885, which required boys to be at least 12 to work in the coal breakers.

We have eliminated restrictions on the production of American energy, Trump said at the rally. We have ended the war on clean, beautiful coal. And we are putting our miners back to work.

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How Sears Canada’s Bankruptcy Impacts Sears Holdings Corp … – Seeking Alpha

Posted: at 2:58 pm

Sears Canada Inc. (NASDAQ:SRSC) filed for bankruptcy on June 22 in Canada under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA). While this has only a minor direct impact on Sears Holdings Corp. (NASDAQ:SHLD), the indirect impact is significant. If Eddie Lampert is willing to throw in the towel on his equity investment in SRSC, it could indicate that he is not willing to pour more of his cash into propping up SHLD. In addition, vendors who were already nervous about dealing with Sears may stop shipping goods for the critical Back to School and Fall shopping season. In my opinion, SRSC's bankruptcy filing is just a dress rehearsal for a Chapter 11 filing by SHLD in July.

Canadian Bankruptcy Laws

Sears Canada filed under the CCAA instead of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA), which would have resulted in complete liquidation. There are two critical points in the CCAA that differ from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the U.S. A monitor, in this case FTI Consulting, is appointed by the court, who has oversight authority but does not control day-to-day operations. The first critical point is that the monitor has supervision over the sale of assets, and not Eddie Lampert. The second point is that the monitor is required to report to the Superintendent of Bankruptcy when they feel creditors would be better off if the case was switched to BIA, which would mean total liquidation.

A June 22 Pre-Filing Report prepared by FTI Consulting contains a large amount of useful information. According to the report, SRSC had cash outflows of C$30-100 million per month over the last 5 months, and in May was burning C$20 million a week. The company only had C$139 million on June 19. Without new sources for cash, it was forced to file.

Its current plan entails: closing 59 stores and laying off 2,900 employees; getting a C$300 million DIP revolving loan at LIBOR+4.5% and a $150 USD equivalent term loan at LIBOR+11% which mature on December 20, 2017; trying to get the authority to suspend certain pension and retiree benefit payments; creating a C$9.2 million key employee retention plan.

A key item mentioned in the report was that the company would try to get "interest in a range of potential transactions involving all or part of the assets or businesses of Sears Canada Group". It is critical to remember that this will be done "under the supervision of the monitor", and not by Lampert.

Below are the cash flow and operational projections until September 16. According to FTI Consulting's forecast, SRSC will only have a negative C$25.7 million operating cash outflow during the 13-week period. It is only closing 59 stores, and it would seem unrealistic to expect that the current burn rate of cash would improve so significantly.

Cash Flow Forecast Until September 16, 2017

13-Week Operating Forecast

Impact on Sears Holdings Corp.

To many SHLD shareholders this information about SRSC may be interesting, but they feel it has little impact on SHLD because SHLD only owns 12% of SRSC and a loss of a few million dollars will not kill SHLD. Correct, but the indirect impact will most likely have a very significant negative impact on SHLD shareholders.

Prior to the filing, SRSC was able to arrange for about C$109 million in financing, but it needed C$175 million. Lampert did not step up and loan the company the other C$68 million. Does this indicate he will no longer be ready to step up and loan SHLD when other financing sources are not? Lampert also owns about 45% of SRSC, and there is a very real possibility that he will get no recovery.

Unlike Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the U.S., where the company/management still has almost complete control of the bankrupt company, in Canada the monitor has a major voice in the bankruptcy process. One can only speculate to conclude that Lampert has finally decided an in-court process is the better way to deal with operations that burn cash, especially since in Chapter 11 he is able wipe out unsecured creditors, shareholders, and certain pension liabilities, while using his and Bruce Berkowitz's secured debt as means to own a large portion of a "new" Sears Holdings.

Some investors are taking the opposite opinion on the SRSC filing. They assert that not proposing to liquidate, but instead to continue operating and selling just some stores, demonstrates Lampert's willingness to pursue his turnaround plans. This could explain the pop in SHLD shares on the day SRSC filed. The reality is that the above extremely low cash burn projections are unrealistic. The company was burning C$20 million per week, but now, all of sudden, this is forecast to improve. This is just another example of Lampert's unrealistic retail expectations. FTI Consulting, as monitor, decides if the operations continue or if the company liquidates going forward, and not Lampert. FTI was retained by Sears Canada last November as consultant, and its reputation as Licensed Insolvency Trustee now as appointed court monitor would dictate its need to be prudent in supervising the cash flow, and it would be quick to inform the Superintendent of Bankruptcy that a liquidation of assets is necessary to protect creditors instead of continuing to operate.

Vendors are the Achilles' Heel for SHLD. The SRSC bankruptcy filing tore this tendon. There is a very real possibility that vendors will now be even less likely to deal with SHLD after SRSC filed for protection. I would assume that many vendors supply both companies, and now they are not getting paid for goods they delivered to SRSC that were not paid for prior to June 22, because the CCAA prohibits the payment for any goods or services provided before the filing date. The unpaid vendors now need to file a claim and may get less than the full amount. Those goods delivered after the bankruptcy filing will, however, be paid (This is the same as under Chapter 11 in the U.S.)

Why would vendors deliver goods now and risk getting only partial payment under the Chapter 11 claims procedure? Why not wait until after SHLD files for Chapter 11 and get paid the full amount as a priority claim under Chapter 11. After SHLD files for Chapter 11, many vendors will be eager to do business with the company again because they know they will be paid in full.

Other Recent News

Sears is closing 20 more stores. Some view this as a positive move to reduce negative cash flow. Others view it as a negative because there are fewer stores trying to support the same amount of debt. Barron's posted an article with an interesting title: "Fraudulent Conveyance Rules May Pave Way for Sears Bankruptcy in July". An article I wrote about Sears in April had the same idea.

Conclusion

Eddie Lampert's unwillingness to lend SRSC cash as the "lender of last resort" and the bankruptcy filing of SRSC could signal that he finally realizes SHLD also needs court protection to stop the cash bleeding. At least in the U.S. under Chapter 11, he does not have to cede power to a court-appointed monitor, which will mostly likely not be easy for his ego to accept. While the current plan is for the Canadian operations to continue with a modest reduction in number of stores, continued cash flow issues could force SRSC into a formal liquidation.

Sears's real problem in the near future is vendors, and this filing has made that problem acute. The reality is that the best way to deal with these issues is to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in early July, so that vendors will deliver the needed Back to School and Fall merchandise. I still expect to see a Chapter 11 filing, and therefore, rate all SHLD securities a Sell.

Disclosure: I am/we are short SHLD.

I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Additional disclosure: I am naked SHLD call options.

Editor's Note: This article covers one or more stocks trading at less than $1 per share and/or with less than a $100 million market cap. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.

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How Sears Canada's Bankruptcy Impacts Sears Holdings Corp ... - Seeking Alpha

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