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Monthly Archives: February 2017
StingRay is why the 4th Amendment was written – Richmond County Daily Journal
Posted: February 15, 2017 at 8:59 pm
Imagine you are in the middle of your typical day-to-day activities. Maybe you are driving, spending time with family, or working. If you are like most people, your phone is at your side on a daily basis. Little do you know that, at any time, police and law enforcement could be looking at information stored on your phone. You havent done anything wrong. You havent been asked for permission. You arent suspected of any crime.
The StingRay
Police have the power to collect your location along with the numbers of your incoming and outgoing calls and intercept the content of call and text communication. They can do all of this without you ever knowing about it.
How? They use a shoebox-sized device called a StingRay. This device (also called an IMSI catcher) mimics cell phone towers, prompting all the phones in the area to connect to it even if the phones arent in use.
The police use StingRays to track down and implicate perpetrators of mainly domestic crimes. The devices can be mounted in vehicles, drones, helicopters, and airplanes, allowing police to gain highly specific information on the location of any particular phone, down to a particular apartment complex or hotel room.
Quietly, StingRay use is growing throughout local and federal law enforcement with little to no oversight. The ACLU has discovered that at least 68 agencies in 23 different states own StingRays, but says that this dramatically underrepresents the actual use of StingRays by law enforcement agencies nationwide.
The Violation
Information from potentially thousands of phones is being collected every time a StingRay is used. Signals are sent into the homes, bags, and pockets of innocent individuals. The Electronic Frontier Foundation likens this to the Pre-Revolutionary War practice of soldiers going door-to-door, searching without suspicion.
Richard Tynan, a technologist with Privacy International notes that, there really isnt any place for innocent people to hide from a device such as this.
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution states that, the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
The StingRay clearly violates these standards. The drafters of the Constitution recognized that restricting the government from violating privacy is essential for a free society. Thats why the Fourth Amendment exists. The StingRay is creating a dangerous precedent that tells the government that its okay for them to violate our rights. Because of this, freedom is quietly slipping out the window.
Little Regulation
Law Enforcement is using StingRays without a warrant in most cases. For example, the San Bernardino Police Department used their StingRay 300 times without a warrant in a little over a year.
A handful of states have passed laws requiring police and federal agents to get a warrant before using a StingRay. They must show probable cause for one of the thousands of phones that they are actually searching. This is far from enough.
Additionally, there are many concerns that agents are withholding information from federal judges to monitor subjects without approval bypassing the probable cause standard laid out in the Constitution. They even go as far as to let criminals go to avoid disclosing information about these devices to the courts.
If the public doesnt become aware of this issue, the police will continue to use StingRays to infringe on our rights in secret and with impunity.
Olivia Donaldson is a recent high school graduate that is currently opting out of college and participating in an entrepreneurial program called Praxis. Originally published at fee.org.
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StingRay is why the 4th Amendment was written - Richmond County Daily Journal
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Crapo backs 2nd Amendment action | The Spokesman-Review – The Spokesman-Review (blog)
Posted: at 8:59 pm
WEDNESDAY, FEB. 15, 2017, 1:16 P.M.
From the office of U.S. Sen. Mike Crapo:
Idaho Senator Mike Crapo today voted to support a Resolution of Disapproval that will stop a rule issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA) from stripping the Second Amendment rights of some Social Security beneficiaries.
Todays resolution of disapproval will stop the Social Security Administration from stigmatizing people with disabilities and stripping beneficiaries of their Second Amendment rights, said Crapo, a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee. The Social Security Administration is not a court of law and it is unacceptable that it take any action against a beneficiary without due process. Congress has done the right thing to stop this overreach and repeal this rule.
Under the Congressional Review Act, Congress may submit a joint resolution of disapproval to overturn a final rule issued by an Executive Branch agency. The resolution approved today will halt a rule submitted by SSA in December 2016. The rule requires SSA to report individuals who have been adjudicated as mentally defective to the National Instant Criminal Background Check (NICS). Under the rule, individuals who have been appointed a representative payee may also be submitted to NICS. In some cases, the SSA may appoint, or a beneficiary may request, a representative payee to assist a beneficiary with managing their benefits. The wide-ranging rule will affect many Americans as more than eight million beneficiaries need help managing their benefits, according to SSA. Earlier this year, Senator Crapo introduced a bill to effectively overturn the rule and highlighted it in an op-ed this month. The Resolution passed today by the Senate will enact the changes Senator Crapo sought to address with his legislation.
The measure now goes to President Trump who is expected to sign the measure.
Agree/disagree with this resolution?
Posted Feb. 15, 2017, 1:16 p.m.
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MARK HOPKINS: Why did the Constitution need the Second … – Apalachicola Times
Posted: at 8:59 pm
Mark Hopkins | Special to the Daily News
Why did we need a militia/gun amendment added to the Constitution?
As is true with most momentous decisions in the life of our country, to fully understand why something was done, we must study the times in which such decisions were made.
The why of the Second Amendment in the 1780s is very different from answering that same question in 2017. The United States was a very different country in the years following the Revolution than it is today. When President Washington first took office, two key challenges faced him and the leadership in Congress.
First, the Revolutionary War had concluded just eight years before. England had been defeated on our shores and withdrew their troops. However, that didnt make us the strongest nation on the globe. England still had the strongest combination of army and navy. They still controlled Canada, just a short trip up the Hudson River from New York City. In short, they were still a threat to us.
At the conclusion of the war, General Washington and the leadership in Congress did not have the money to support a standing army. It was the consensus that the U.S. must make do with smaller, live-at-home militia units in the various states rather than a centralized army. Thus, it was their hope that the new country could be protected with a citizen army that was armed and ready to be called up at a moments notice. To make that work, each military age male needed to be armed and ready if needed.
Second, several citizen rebellions had occurred between the end of the war and the time of the passage of the new Constitution. Principal among these were the Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts and the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania. Without the creation of a local militia, neither state had the firepower to protect the government or the people.
In short, our young country did not have the money to support a standing army so adding the Second Amendment was for the expressed purpose of making sure that each state had the legal right to call men to arms. Just as important, it was necessary that those men were able to join the militia fully armed and ready to defend their state and their government.
The contention from some that the framers of the Constitution adopted the Second Amendment because they wanted an armed population that could take down the U.S. government should it become tyrannical just has no credence in history.
In past columns about the Second Amendment, we have established the historical context of the creation of the Second Amendment. The primary purpose was to create a legal foundation for a state militia, the forerunner of our National Guard. President Washington not only wrote letters to support such action but actually created his own militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania. Congress supported his action by creating The Militia Act, that allowed states to call up militia units to protect the government and the people as needed.
Resources used for these columns on the Second Amendment came from His Excellency: George Washington by Joseph Ellis (2004), James Madisons arguments for a strong federal government in The Federalist Papers, (1777-78) and The Readers Companion to American History by John A. Garraty and Eric Foner, which tells the stories of Shays Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion.
If a reader missed the two earlier columns, contact me at presnet@presnet.net for copies.
Dr. Mark L. Hopkins writes for More Content Now and Scripps Newspapers.
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First amendment receives more support – UConn Daily Campus
Posted: at 8:58 pm
The Knight Foundation, an organization that invests in journalism, the arts and technology, recently released a survey showing high school students support of the First Amendment is the highest it has been in a decade, according to a press release.
In a survey of almost 12,000 high school students and 726 teachers, 91 percent expressed their agreement that people should be allowed to express unpopular opinions, compared to 83 percent who took the survey in 2004, according to the press release.
Over half of students felt normal individuals should have the same publishing rights as professional journalists.
Students also felt that they should be able to document activities involving the police as long as they are not interfering, according to the release.
Both Connecticut high school and University of Connecticut students weighed in on the survey results, giving their opinions about freedom of speech.
Henry Ortiz, a sophomore at the CT River Academy in East Hartford, agreed that people should be allowed to express unpopular opinions.
I feel that people should be able to say what they want. Everyone is allowed to say how they feel, even when they are wrong, Ortiz said.
Second-semester psychology major Juwan Rosa had a similar response.
Everyone thinks in different ways. As a result, everyone has different opinions. Sometimes it is better if someone says an unpopular opinion because those around can understand why the opinion exists, Rosa said.
Both students said they felt freedom of speech was important, and without it, ideas would not be able to be shared.
In response to the survey question about documenting the police, both Rosa and Ortiz also agreed that people should be able to videotape police officers actions as long as they are not interfering.
Police officers are employees of the state, generally things involving state are public. Why shouldnt the way a cop treats an individual be as well? Rosa said.
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Lunch & Learn on the First Amendment – The Northfield News
Posted: at 8:58 pm
Norwich Universitys Sullivan Museum and History Center will host a lunch and learn program on the First Amendment in conjunction with a national, pop-up exhibit commemorating the 225thanniversary of the Bill of Rights.
OnWednesday, Feb. 22, atnoon, The Sullivan Museum and History Centerpresents, A Living Document: The First Amendment, Past, Present and Future, a talk by Austin Gray, attorney and longtime professor of civil liberties and Constitutional law. The event includes a light lunch and is free and open to the public.
Gray, of law firm Gray Law PLLC in Barre, Vt., has been teaching at the university level for 20 years and is one of the founding faculty of the Master of Law program at Champlain College. He also teaches Civil Liberties and Constitutional Law at Norwich University. A graduate of Temple University School of Law, Gray is a member of the Vermont, Pennsylvania and New Jersey Bar Associations.
This presentation is held in conjunction with a new pop-up exhibition from theNational Archives,The Bill of Rights and You,commemorating the 225th anniversary of the ratification of this landmark document. This exhibit spotlights one of the most remarkable periods in American history,explores the origins of the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution (collectively known as the Bill of Rights), illustrates how each amendment protects U.S. citizens, and looks at how Americans exercise the rights outlined in the amendments. The Bill of Rightsand Youinvites visitors to connect directly with the people, places, and events that mark this historic documents evolution. The exhibit will be on display in the Museums Rotunda throughMarch 15, 2017.
The Bill of Rights and Youco-curator Jennifer Johnson states: "The Bill of Rights represents the Founder's vision that it would be the people, through votes, that could change the Constitution with enough consensus. And when the people desired a Bill of Rights, our first 10 amendments were added to our governing charter."
Visitors are also encouraged to engage in a dialogue by answering the question: What Does Freedom Mean to You? A message board in the Museum Rotunda is available to post your own personal answer.
The Bill of Rights and Youis organized by the National Archives and Records Administration, and traveled by the National Archives Traveling Exhibits Service (NATES). This exhibition was developed in collaboration with the National Archives National Outreach Initiative to commemorate the 225thAnniversary of the Bill of Rights. The exhibition is presented in part by AT&T, Seedlings Foundation, and the National Archives Foundation.
This exhibit is brought to you in collaboration with the Vermont Humanities Council and the Federation of State Humanities Councils. A statewide nonprofit organization founded in 1974, the Vermont Humanities Council strives to make Vermont a state in which every individual reads, participates in public affairs, and continues to learn throughout life.
Norwich Universitys Sullivan Museum and History Center is the only museum in Vermont to be named a Smithsonian Affiliate.Currently, there are two exhibitions focusing on the year leading up the 100thAnniversary of World War One and the 75thAnniversary of World War Two. These exhibits are on display through May 2017 and include various items from the university collection as well as borrowed materials. Some of the artifacts on exhibit include: trench art, World War One and Two posters, patriotic jewelry, artwork, uniforms, medals, objects from the field, weapons and other items from our collection.
The museum is open to the public from 8 until 4 Monday through Friday, but is closed on holidays. Admission is free.For more information about the programs or exhibit, please call802-485-2183or visithttp://academics.norwich.edu/museum.
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60 Minutes’ Bill Whitaker to receive the RTDNF First Amendment … – CBS News
Posted: at 8:58 pm
Whitaker will be honored next month with a prestigious award for his contribution as a journalist to the protection of First Amendment freedoms
CBS News
Bill Whitaker, the veteran CBS newsman and 60 Minutes correspondent, will be honored with the Leonard Zeidenberg First Amendment Award, the Radio Television Digital News Foundation announced. Whitaker will receive the award at the RTDNFs annual First Amendment Awards dinner on March 14 in Washington, DC.
RTDNF presents this award annually to a radio or television journalist or news executive who has made a major contribution to the protection of First Amendment freedoms. It is named for the late Broadcasting & Cable senior correspondent, Leonard Zeidenberg.
Whitaker joins past CBS News Ziedenberg winners Walter Cronkite, Ed Bradley, Mike Wallace, Bob Schieffer and Cami McCormick, and other notable journalists who have won the award, including Diane Sawyer, Lester Holt and Judy Woodruff.
Whitaker has been wide-ranging and prolific in his 60 Minutes reporting on domestic and international stories since joining the broadcast in 2014. He recently chronicled the vetting process for Syrian refugees coming to the U.S. He has reported from Asia, Africa, Europe, Mexico and the Middle East for the news magazine, including a timely interview with Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and an Emmy-winning story on the biggest data leak in Swiss banking history. Domestically, his stories have provided keen insights into the hot-button issue of race and policing in America, the death penalty and Americas heroin epidemic. He has chronicled the epic battle to capture and hold Mexicos infamous drug lord Joaquin El Chapo Guzman, gaining rare access to investigations on both sides of the border.
During his more than 30 years with CBS News, Whitaker has covered three presidential campaigns; the O.J. Simpson case; overseas wars and events; and interviewed several national figures, including First Lady Michelle Obama.
Whitaker began his career at CBS News in 1984 as a reporter based in Atlanta, where he covered the 1988 presidential campaign of Michael Dukakis and received an Emmy for his reports on the collapse of Jim and Tammy Bakkers television ministry. He then spent three years as a CBS News Tokyo correspondent, developing an impressive portfolio as a foreign correspondent. He covered stories throughout Asia, including the pro-democracy uprising in Tiananmen Square.
In 1992, Whitaker was sent to Los Angeles, where he reported for over 20 years on the CBS Evening News and other CBS News broadcasts, including Sunday Morning.
2017 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Snowden helping develop tools to protect journalists and whistleblowers – ‘to make the game a little more fair’ – Press Gazette
Posted: at 8:58 pm
Whistleblower Edward Snowden is working to develop tools for journalists that he says will help protect them and their sources from government surveillance and state-sponsored hackers.
It comes asthe UK government has been forced to down play fears that proposals to amend the Official Secrets Act would turn journalists and whistleblowers into criminals.
Former US intelligence officer Snowden was forced into exile after sharing confidential US intelligence documents with the press revealing the extent of mass government surveillance.
Since last year, he has been serving as president of the US-based Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF), having joining its board in 2014.
The non-profit group, which has a team of 10 staff, claims to be dedicated to helping support and defend public-interest journalism.
Speaking to Wired magazine from Moscow, Snowden said the team were trying to provide a few niche tools [for journalists] to make the game a little more fair.
He added: Newsrooms dont have the budget, the sophistication, or the skills to defend themselves in the current environment.
When in 2013 Snowden set about leaking secret government files to journalists among them Guardian columnist Glenn Greenwald,who is a co-founder of the FPF he evaded detection by using anonymity software Tor and teaching reporters how to use encryption tool GPG by creating an online video tutorial that disguised his voice.
He told Wired his current focus was to on developing security and encryption tools that would make this all paint-by-numbers [for journalists] instead of teaching yourself to be Picasso.
Those in development include a hardware modification for the iPhone to detect malware on the device that is secretly transmitting a reporters data, such as their location.
Another, called Sunder, would act as a treasure chest of digital information that can only be opened when several passwords are combined something journalists could use to protect a bulk of data.
The foundation is also working on an easy-to-use version of encrypted video-chat software Jitsi used by Snowden to speak to the magazine via secure video link.
We cant fix the surveillance problem overnight, Snowden said. But maybe we can build a shield that will protect anyone whos standing behind it.
In November the UK government passed the Investigatory Powers Bill that enables the state to use electronic snooping tactics to fight crime, including widespread collection of electronic data.
Following Press Gazettes Save Our Sources campaign, police requests to view journalists call records in order to identify their sources have to be signed off by judges.
But concerns remain that the applications are made in secret and so cannot be argued by news organisations in a court of law.
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Snowden helping develop tools to protect journalists and whistleblowers - 'to make the game a little more fair' - Press Gazette
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Researchers at University of Luxembourg develop core component for Zcash cryptocurrency – Science Business
Posted: at 8:55 pm
Scientists at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) of the University of Luxembourg have developed an important mathematical algorithm called Equihash. Equihash is a core component for the new cryptocurrency Zcash, which offers more privacy and equality than the famous Bitcoin. Zcash came into operation as an experimental technology for a community-driven digital currency in late 2016. Competing cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin is by far the most recognised and widely used digital currency. It was introduced in January 2009 and has garnered much attention since then. But it is not the only one of its kind. Wikipedia lists nearly one hundred cryptocurrencies boasting more than 1 million US dollar market capitalisation.
One of the newest cryptocurrencies is Zcash, which can be seen as an update to the Bitcoin protocols. In Bitcoin, the transfer of coins is recorded in a global ledger, the so-called blockchain. The validity of the latest transfers in the blockchain is verified about every ten minutes. Verifying the transfers and creating new blocks for the blockchain (the so-called mining) requires a lot of computing power, which is provided by distributed computers worldwide. The miners who allocate the processing power are rewarded with new coins.
Zcash is trying to resolve two main shortcomings of Bitcoin: its lack of privacy for transactions and the centralisation of transaction verification into the hands of a mere dozen miners who have invested in large amounts of specialised mining hardware: Bitcoin is prone to such centralisation because the computational load of the bitcoin mining algorithm can be split into many different small tasks, which can be conducted in parallel. The algorithm is easy to implement in dedicated, energy-efficient and cheap microchips, but not suited to standard hardware. Bitcoin mining today is therefore done on special-purpose supercomputers which are located in places with cheap electricity and/or cheap cooling. Such supercomputers are expensive, costing millions of euros, but provide much more mining power than if one were to use standard PC hardware of the same price.
New algorithm for cryptocurrency
Prof. Alex Biryukov, head of the research group Cryptolux and Dr. Dmitry Khovratovich at SnT have developed the algorithm Equihash which can resolve this problem. Equihash is a so called memory-hard problem, which can not be split up into smaller working packages. It can be more efficiently calculated on desktop-class computers with their multiple processing cores and gigabytes of memory than on special hardware chips. If 10.000 miners with a single PC were active, in Zcash the investment to compete with them would be 10.000 times the price of a PC, while with bitcoin, the investment would be significantly smaller, says Khovratovich. This creates a more democratic digital currency by allowing more users to contribute to the mining process. Khovratovich adds: The strength of a cryptocurrency comes from the fact that the ledger is globally distributed. Our Equihash algorithm reverses the situation back to this more ideal world.
Equihash was first presented at the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium last year one of the top-5 IT security events. Prof. Biryukov comments: Since Equihash is based on a fundamental computer science problem, advances in Equihash mining algorithms will benefit computer science in general. Equihash is so far unique among all the mining algorithms: it is memory-hard on the one hand and very easy to verify on the other. In other words, while mining new coins with Zcash/Equihash is comparatively expensive, hence posing a smaller risk of monopolisation because it requires large amounts of computer memory and hard computational work, checking that the new coins are genuine is memoryless, fast and cheap.
Understanding these advantages, the creators of Zcash chose Equihash as the algorithm for mining coins and verifying transfers. Equihash itself is not limited to use in Zcash and can be used in any cryptocurrency, including Bitcoin.
With our contribution to Zcash, the Cryptography and Security lab (CryptoLux) has shown its strength in innovative research that has immediate applications in the financial technology industry, says SnTs director, Prof. Bjrn Ottersten. We invite students to follow us in this promising field, adds Professor Biryukov: There are still lots of challenging research problems to solve.
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New Charity Focussed Cryptocurrency Launches – AllCoinsNews.com (blog)
Posted: at 8:55 pm
Centurion, a new cryptocurrency, launched last week with a focus on ease-of-use and scalability in addition to promoting childrens charities. With a block size of 2 MB, Centurion can process and confirm transactions in under 6 minutes.
Ready-made merchant payment API libraries can be integrated into websites to enable the cryptocurrency to be used to buy products and services. The first adopter of Centurion is an online store which sells more than 100 e-books and 50 videos on marketing, cryptocurrencies, internet tips, tricks, businesses, etc. The partnerships will be revealed soon, with more stores to follow soon after. Centurion is already available for traders on the cryptocurrency exchange Excambiorex.
Mining pools for Centurion users do not require miners to sign up and manually withdraw their accumulated share of cryptocurrency. Instead, they will be receiving funds directly into their wallets. According to the company, this has been done to improve ease of use, but also reduce the risk of attacks on the mining pools wallets. The auto pay-outs are set to execute every few minutes. In order to cater to users who are not technology experts, simple, pre-configured files are provided that can be downloaded to start CPU and GPU mining.
Centurion4Children is donating 5 million Centurion coins to well-established charity organizations. It is also raising funds within the community and through the website. The foundation is already represented in India, as well as Africa and Europe with official charity partnerships being revealed in March, 2017. Centurion4Children is currently raising funds for: Support a Child and its Entire Family, Sponsor a Boy, Safe Water for Children in Development Countries, and Sustainable Schools. To cover promotion costs and to kick-start the donations distributed by Centurion4Children, the coin has reserved 50 Million of its tokens.
The cryptocurrency platform will soon embark on a marketing campaign in association with Cryptonetwork ltd, a Dubai-based entity which has a network of people spread across India, Germany, Italy, Spain and several other countries. They will be involved in various promotional activities, including the sale of products and services, for which they will receive rewards in centurion and bitcoin. An estimated 20 million Centurion tokens over a period of 5 years has been earmarked for these promotional purposes.
Centurion will donate 5 million of its reserved coins to charity and the remaining 50% will be used to reward early adopters, investors, related projects and talented individuals within the community who work to improve the Centurion cryptocurrency.
Specifications X11 Proof of Work (PoW) 3% Proof of Stake (PoS) RPC port: 5555 / P2P port: 5556 1 Minute Blocks Block Size 2Mb Reward Schedule: Blocks until 100 0 CNT (for fair difficulty balancing) Blocks 101 250,100 100 CNT Blocks 250,101 500,100 75 CNT Blocks 500,101 1,000,100 60 CNT Blocks 1,000,101 2,000,100 50 CNT Blocks 2,000,101 2,500,100 25 CNT Blocks 2,500,101 3,500,100 10 CNT Blocks 3,500,101 4,000,100 5 CNT Blocks 4,000,101 5,000,100 2.5 CNT Blocks 5,000,101 19,000,000 1 CNT Total Coin production 250 Million Reserve: 50 Million. SIDEBAR
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Bitcoin: Paying with the cryptocurrency | All media content | DW … – Deutsche Welle
Posted: at 8:54 pm
Eastern Daily News | Bitcoin: Paying with the cryptocurrency | All media content | DW ... Deutsche Welle Bitcoin has long had a poor reputation. On the dark net it has been used to buy drugs and arms. Its reputation is improving, however, and it is now being used for ... Bitcoin: How to Improve Your Privacy | Eastern Daily News |
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