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The Evolutionary Perspective
Monthly Archives: July 2015
Conscious Evolution Defined – Foundation for Conscious …
Posted: July 18, 2015 at 6:50 pm
Conscious evolution is the evolution of evolution, from unconscious to conscious choice. While consciousness has been evolving for billions of years, conscious evolution is new. It is part of the trajectory of human evolution, the canvas of choice before us now as we recognize that we have come to possess the powers that we used to attribute to the gods.
We are poised in this critical moment, facing decisions that must be made consciously if we are to avoid destroying the world as we know it, if we are instead to cocreate a future of immeasurable possibilities. Our conscious evolution is an invitation to ourselves, to open to that positive future, to see ourselves as one planet, and to learn to use our powers wisely and ethically for the enhancement of all life on Earth.
Conscious evolution can also be seen as an awakening of a memory that resides in the synthesis of human knowing, from spiritual to social to scientific. Indeed, all of our efforts to discover the inherent design of life itself can be seen as the process of one intelligence, striving to know itself through our many eyes, and to set the stage for a future of immense cocreativity.
This awakening has gained momentum as 3 new understandings (the 3 Cs) have arisen: Cosmogenesis: This is the recent discovery that the universe has been and is now evolving. As Brian Swimme puts it, time is experienced as an evolutionary sequence of irreversible transformations, rather than as ever-renewing cycles.
Our New Crises: We are faced with a complex set of crises, most especially environmental. We are participating in a global system that is far from equilibrium, conditions that are known to favor a macroshift. This kind of dramatic repatterning can be a sudden shift toward devolution and chaos, or it can be an evolution toward a higher more complex order. At this moment in evolution the outcome depends on our choices, and time is running out. We must change, or suffer dire consequences. Our crises are acting as evolutionary drivers pressuring us to innovate and transform.
Our New Capacities: The advent of radical evolutionary technologies such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, quantum computing, space exploration, etc., offer us the possibility of profound change in the physical world. At the same time that we are facing the possible destruction of our life support systems, we can also see that the tools are there to transform ourselves, our bodies and our world. We can and are actually moving beyond the creature human condition toward a new species, a universal humanity, capable of coevolving with nature.
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Karen Kwiatkowski – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Posted: at 6:50 pm
Karen U. Kwiatkowski, ne Unger,[1] (born September 24, 1960) is an American activist and commentator. She is a retired U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel whose assignments included duties as a Pentagon desk officer and a variety of roles for the National Security Agency. Since retiring, she has become a noted critic of the U.S. government's involvement in Iraq. Kwiatkowski is primarily known for her insider essays which denounce a corrupting political influence on the course of military intelligence leading up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003. In 2012, she challenged incumbent Bob Goodlatte, in the Republican primary for Virginia's 6th congressional district seat in the United States House of Representatives and garnered 34% of the Republican vote on a constitutional and limited government platform.
While in the Air Force, she wrote two books about U.S. policy towards Africa: African Crisis Response Initiative: Past Present and Future (US Army Peacekeeping Institute, 2000) and Expeditionary Air Operations in Africa: Challenges and Solutions (Air University Press, 2001). She contributed to Ron Paul: A Life of Ideas, (Variant Press, 2008) and Why Liberty: Personal Journeys Toward Peace and Freedom, (Cobden Press, 2010). She has been featured in a number of documentaries, including "Why We Fight",[2] in 2005. She has written for LewRockwell.com since 2003.[3]
Born Karen Unger, Kwiatkowski was raised in western North Carolina. She received an MA in Government from Harvard University and an MS in Science Management from the University of Alaska. She has a PhD in World Politics from The Catholic University of America; her thesis was on the overt and covert war in Angola, A Case Study of the Implementation of the Reagan Doctrine.
Kwiatkowski began her military career in 1982 as a Second Lieutenant. She served at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska, providing logistical support to missions along the Chinese and Russian coasts. She also served in Spain and Italy. Kwiatkowski was then assigned to the National Security Agency (NSA), eventually becoming a speechwriter for the agency's director. After leaving the NSA in 1998 she became an analyst on sub-Saharan Africa policy for the Pentagon. Kwiatkowski was in her office in the Pentagon when it was attacked on September 11, 2001. From May 2002 to February 2003 she served in the Pentagon's Near East and South Asia directorate (NESA).[4] While at NESA, she wrote a series of anonymous articles, Insider Notes from the Pentagon which appeared on the website of David Hackworth.[5] Kwiatkowski left NESA in February 2003 and retired from the Air Force the following month.
In April 2003 Kwiatkowski began writing a series of articles for the libertarian website LewRockwell.com. In June of that year she published an article in the Ohio Beacon Journal, "Career Officer Does Eye-Opening Stint Inside Pentagon,"[6] which attracted additional notice. Since February 2004 she has written a biweekly column ("Without Reservations") for the website MilitaryWeek.com.
Her most comprehensive writings on the subject of a corrupting influence of the Pentagon on intelligence analysis leading up to the Iraq War appeared in a series of articles in The American Conservative magazine in December 2003 and in a March 2004 article on Salon.com. In the latter piece ("The New Pentagon Papers") she wrote:
I witnessed neoconservative agenda bearers within OSP usurp measured and carefully considered assessments, and through suppression and distortion of intelligence analysis promulgate what were in fact falsehoods to both Congress and the executive office of the president.
Kwiatkowski described how a clique of officers led by retired Navy Captain Bill Luti, assistant secretary of defense for NESA and former aide to Dick Cheney when the latter was Secretary of Defense, took control of military intelligence and how the "Office of Special Plans" (OSP) grew and eventually turned into a censorship and disinformation organism controlling the NESA.[7]
Following the American Conservative and Salon articles, Kwiatkowski began to receive criticism from several conservative sources that supported President Bush's policies. Michael Rubin of the National Review argued she had exaggerated her knowledge of the OSP's workings and claimed she had ties to Lyndon LaRouche.[8] Republican U.S. Senator Jon Kyl criticized her in a speech on the Senate floor.[9] On a Fox News program, host John Gibson and former Republican National Committee communications director Clifford May incorrectly described her as an anarchist.[10] Kwiatkowski responded by saying, among other points, that she had never supported or dealt with LaRouche.[11] She requested and received a written apology from Senator Jon Kyl for his false statements about her.[citation needed]
In addition to her writings Kwiatkowski has appeared as a commentator in the documentaries Hijacking Catastrophe, Honor Betrayed, Why We Fight and Superpower.
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Ron Paul on the Issues
Posted: at 6:47 pm
2012 Presidential Candidates Ron Paul On the issues>> Profile VoteMatch Republican Representative (TX-14); previously Libertarian for President OnTheIssues Books: Romney vs. Obama On The Issues Ron Paul vs. Barack Obama On The Issues Newt vs. MittOn The Issues Gingrich vs. Ron PaulOn The Issues Rick Santorum vs. Newt Gingrich On The Issues Romney vs. PerryOn The Issues Michele Bachmann vs. Sarah Palin On The Issues 2012 Republican nominees: Paul Ryan (Wisconsin Representative): Selected by Mitt Romney for V.P. Aug. 11. Mitt Romney (Former Massachusetts Governor): Publicly announced candidacy June 3. 2012 Democratic incumbents: Barack Obama (IL Senator). Joe Biden (DE Senator). 2012 Third Party contenders: Rocky Anderson (Justice Party) Andre Barnett (Reform Party) Virgil Goode (Former U.S. House Rep.): Constitution Party nominee. Gary Johnson (Former New Mexico Governor): Publicly announced Libertarian candidacy Dec. 21. Scott Keller (Independent) JL Mealer (Independent) Buddy Roemer (former Louisiana Governor). Candidate for GOP and AmericansElect. Robert Steele (Reform Party) Jill Stein (Green Party) 2012 Republican withdrawals: Michele Bachmann (Minnesota Representative): Withdrew Jan. 4. Michael Bloomberg (NYC Mayor). Opted out of race, Feb. 8, 2011. Herman Cain (Radio talk-show host): Suspended candidacy Dec. 3. Chris Christie (New Jersey Governor). Opted out of presidential race. Jim DeMint (South Carolina Senator). Never entered race. Newt Gingrich (Former Speaker of the House): Publicly announced candidacy May 12. Rudy Giuliani (former NYC Mayor). Never entered race. Mike Huckabee (Former Arkansas Governor): Opted out of presidential race May 15. Jon Huntsman (former Utah Governor and Ambassador to China). Withdrew Jan. 15 Thad McCotter (Michigan Representative): Publicly announced candidacy July 2. Sarah Palin (former Alaska Governor). Opted out of presidential race Oct. 5. Ron Paul (Texas Representative): Publicly announced candidacy April 28. Tim Pawlenty (Former Minnesota Governor): Publicly announced candidacy May 24. Rick Perry (Texas Governor): Publicly announced candidacy Aug. 11. Rick Santorum (Former Pennsylvania Senator): Publicly announced candidacy June 6; withdrew April 11, 2012. Donald Trump (Real estate mogul): Opted out of presidential race May 16. Confused by the terms above? All are explained on our 2012 Presidential Speculation page! Archives Fact-checking on the 2012 Presidential and Senatorial races Paperback: Romney/Paul/Santorum/Gingrich side-by-side, by Jesse Gordon of OnTheIssues.org Arizona 2012 GOP debate hosted by CNN's John King 2012 State of the Union address to Congress Obama vs. Paul On the Issues, by Jesse Gordon of OnTheIssues.org Gingrich vs. Paul On the Issues, by Jesse Gordon of OnTheIssues.org Survey of 2012 Presidential contenders' campaign websites Sean Hannity 2012 presidential interviews "Hannity Primary" WMUR 2012 GOP New Hampshire debate Fox News debate in Myrtle Beach, preceding South Carolina Primary Meet the Press 2012 GOP New Hampshire debate South Carolina 2012 Republican primary debate CNN 2012 GOP primary debate on the eve of Florida primary Yahoo's "Your Voice Your Vote" debate in Iowa, Dec. 10, 2011 Club for Growth 2012 Presidential White Papers 2011 CNBC GOP Primary debate, at Oakland University in Rochester, MI, 2011 CNN National Security GOP primary debate CBS News primary debate in South Carolina on Foreign Policy GOP 2011 primary debate in Las Vegas 2011 GOP debate at Dartmouth College, NH 2011 GOP Google debate in Orlando FL Pres. Obama's Address to Joint Session of Congress 2011 Tea Party Express Republican Primary debate in Tampa, Florida 2011 GOP debate in Simi Valley CA at the Reagan Library, Sept. 7, 2011 2011 Republican primary debate at the Iowa State Fair, Aug. 11, 2011, prior to the Iowa Straw Poll GOP primary debate in Manchester NH, June 13, 2011, at Saint Anselm College GOP primary debate in South Carolina, at the Peace Concert Hall, May 5, 2011 Liberty Defined, by Ron Paul (April 19, 2011) 63 Documents, by Gov. Jesse Ventura The Tea Party Goes to Washington, by Rand Paul (Feb. 22, 2011) Speeches at 2011 CPAC conference 2011 OnTheIssues Fact Checking Obamanomics: How Barack Obama Is Bankrupting You and Enriching His Wall Street Friends, Corporate Lobbyists, and Union Bosses, by Timothy P. Carney End the Fed, by Ron Paul Saving Freedom, by Sen. Jim DeMint Do the Right Thing, by Mike Huckabee Survey of 2008 House campaign websites The Revolution: A Manifesto, by Ron Paul, published April 2008 Speeches at 2008 CPAC conference Meet the Press: Meet the Candidates 2008 series, with Tim Russert CNN Late Edition, throughout 2008 Washington Post, "The Fact Checker" 2008 GOP debate at Reagan Library in Simi Valley Republican presidential debate, before South Carolina primary 2008 Republican primary debate in Boca Raton Florida 2008 Republican primary debate, sponsored by Facebook, Jan. 5, 2008 FactCheck.org analysis of 2008 primary debates FactCheck.org analysis of 2008 campaign ads Republican primary debate, broadcast in Spanish 2007 GOP debate sponsored by Des Moines Register, Dec. 12, 2007 Boston Globe questionnaire on Executive Power The Contenders, by Laura Flanders et al. 2007 GOP YouTube debate 2007 Republican Presidential Forum at Morgan State University, Sept. 27, 2007 GOP debate in Dearborn, Michigan 2007 GOP primary debate in Orlando, Florida Values Voter Presidential Debate 2007 Republican Primary debate at University of New Hampshire 2007 GOP Iowa Straw Poll debate, hosted by George Stephanopoulos, August 5, 2007 A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship 2007 Republican primary debate at St. Anselm College, Manchester N.H., June 5, 2007 2007 Republican Primary Debate in Columbia, South Carolina, May 15, 2007, sponsored by Fox News 2007 GOP primary debate, at Ronald Reagan library in Simi Valley California CNN Late Edition, throughout 2007 Humane Society 109th Congress Scorecard Fact-Check 1996-8 National Political Awareness Test Freedom Under Siege, by Ron Paul The Case for Gold, by Ron Paul and Lewis Lehrman Gold, Peace, and Prosperity, by Ron Paul
(click a picture above for excerpts or other books and debates by or about Ron_Paul)
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Ron Paul – RationalWiki
Posted: at 6:47 pm
Dr. Ronald Ernest Paul (born 1935) was a Congressman from the 14th Congressional District of Texas and is an honorary lifetime member of the Libertarian Party.[2]. Having ended a bid for the Republican Party's nomination in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election on 8 March 2008 after obtaining only 15 delegates out of 2,360 (although he did garner 5.7% of the vote in the Republican primaries that year), Ron Paul loitered around the lunatic fringe before entering the 2012 Republican nomination process in 2010. He was supposedly gaining popularity thanks to the work of his fanbase, affectionately known as "Paulbots," "Paultards," or "Paulites," and most have, by now, seen the rabid shrieks of "RON PAUL 2008 2012!!1!!!" at least once on the Internet.
It took him absolutely nowhere, unless you count winning the Virgin Islands in 2012 Republican primaries as an accomplishment. In early January 2013, Ron Paul announced his retirement from politics.[3]
You see, Mr. Powers, I love goooooold! The look of it! The taste of it! The smell of it! The texture! I love gold so much that I even lost my genitalia in an unfortunate schmelting accident.
Ron Paul is frequently described as a conservative with many libertarian ideas, giving him the label of paleolibertarian.[4] However, given that he is not so much interested in reducing governmental powers as shifting them from the federal government to the states, the term "anti-federalist" would be more accurate.
Anywho, he is a strict constitutionalist though his interpretation of what the US Constitution is is somewhat inaccurate, to politely say the least and believes in "limited government"[5] to the point of abolishing the IRS and the income tax, slashing most federal spending, reintroducing the gold standard, and abolishing the Federal Reserve. (We don't have to tell you what the consequences of that are.) He also voted against the Darfur Accountability and Divestment Act of 2007,[6] which would have banned federal contracts with firms doing business with the Janjaweed militia of Sudan.[7] He was the only Congressman to do so.
On the other hand, he wants to end the War on Drugs, supports medical marijuana, and opposed the U.S. war in Iraq.
Following the recent TSA act, he was the one standing up to say that taking nude photos of passengers, and feeling up people's grandmothers, is not making anyone safer.[8] He proposed a simple law which would essentially say that government officials have to go through the same screenings the rest of us do, in an effort to wake them up. He has even spoken in defense of WikiLeaks, a whistleblowing website that has among other disclosures exposed government corruption.[9]
However, even in areas of foreign policy, Paul has demonstrated that he is not to be trusted; a month after 9/11, he proposed H.R. 3076, which would place a $40 billion bounty on top Al Qaeda members who were brought to the government dead or alive. Essentially, it would hire a group of private mercenaries to handle the Afghanistan War their own way. That or some of the more... dedicated leaders would be sacrificed to give their organization tens of billions of dollars to recruit and support tens of thousands more members.
For some reason, he seems to not like the idea of jus soli the granting of citizenship to those born in America.[10]
It has been suggested that Paul is in league with the Dominionist and Christian Reconstructionist movements.[11] Paul introduced the We the People Act into the House of Representatives twice. This bill would strip federal courts of jurisdiction in cases involving abortion, same-sex marriage, privacy related to sexual behavior, and Establishment Clause issues, leaving them to the states... which is exactly what the Religious Right wants to do. He has engaged in outright dishonesty in support of this agenda, for instance claiming that prayer has been prohibited in schools.
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Ron Paul – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Posted: at 6:47 pm
Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (Pittsburgh, 20 de agosto de 1935) es un mdico y poltico estadounidense, miembro del Partido Republicano, exrepresentante por el decimocuarto distrito de Texas en la Cmara de Representantes del Congreso de los Estados Unidos. Reside en Lake Jackson, ciudad del mismo estado. Form parte del Comit de Asuntos Exteriores, el Comit Econmico Mixto, el Comit de Servicios Financieros, y fue presidente del Subcomit de Poltica Monetaria Interior, donde ha sido un crtico de las actuales polticas exteriores y monetarias estadounidenses, abogando por la auditora y disolucin de la Reserva Federal.
Paul se gradu en el Gettysburg College y en la Universidad Duke, donde consigui su ttulo en medicina. Sirvi como cirujano de vuelo en la Fuerza Area de los Estados Unidos desde 1963 hasta 1968, durante la Guerra de Vietnam. Trabaj como mdico obstetra y gineclogo en los aos sesenta y setenta, atendiendo ms de 4.000 partos, antes de entrar en la poltica en 1976.
Es el fundador del grupo de presin Campaign for Liberty y sus ideas han sido expresadas en numerosos artculos y libros publicados, incluyendo Liberty Defined: 50 Essential Issues That Affect Our Freedom (2011), End the Fed (2009), The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008), Pillars of Prosperity (2008), A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship (2007), y The Case for Gold (1982). De acuerdo con Keith Poole, un politlogo de la Universidad de Georgia, Paul tiene el registro de votos ms conservador que ningn otro miembro del Congreso desde 1937.[1] Su hijo Rand Paul fue elegido para el Senado de los Estados Unidos por Kentucky en 2011, siendo la primera vez que coinciden en el congreso un padre y un hijo.[2]
Ha sido llamado el "padrino intelectual" del Tea Party.[3][4] Ha conseguido notoriedad por sus posiciones libertarias en muchos temas polticos, chocando a menudo con los dirigentes de los partidos republicano y demcrata. Paul ha postulado tres veces para la Presidencia de los Estados Unidos, primero en 1988 como candidato del Partido Libertario y de nuevo en 2008 y 2012 como republicano. En diciembre de 2010, Ron Paul, partidario de eliminar el banco central, fue nombrado presidente del comit que controla la Reserva Federal.[5] En mayo de 2011, Paul anunci oficialmente que se postulara a la presidencia una vez ms como candidato del partido republicano en el ao 2012.[6] El 13 de julio de 2011 anunci que no buscar la reeleccin al congreso en el 2012 para concentrarse en su campaa a la presidencia.[7]
Paul naci en Pittsburg, hijo de Margaret (nacida Dumont) y Howard Caspar Paul. Sus bisabuelos paternos inmigraron desde Alemania, y su madre era de ascendencia Alemana e Irlandesa.[8][9] Cuando estudiaba en Dormont High School, fue campen estatal de los 200 metros.[10] Obtuvo un ttulo de Bachelor of Science en biologa en Gettysburg College en 1957. Durante su estancia en la universidad, fue miembro de la fraternidad Lambda Chi Alpha.[10] Despus de conseguir el ttulo de Doctor en Medicina en la Duke University School of Medicine (Artculo en ingls) en 1961, se mud con su esposa a Mchigan donde complet sus estudios en el hospital Henry Ford de Detroit. Luego sirvi como cirujano de vuelo en la Fuerza Area de los Estados Unidos de 1963 hasta 1965 y en la Guardia Nacional de los Estados Unidos (Artculo en ingls) de 1965 a 1968.
A fines de los aos sesenta, Paul y su esposa se mudaron a Texas, donde contino trabajando como mdico. Especializado en obstetricia y ginecologa, Paul empez su propia prctica privada.
Est casado con Carol Wells desde 1957.[11] Tienen cuatro hijos, que fueron bautizados episcopalmente: Ronald, Lori, Rand y Joy. Rand, es senador por el estado de Kentucky. Fue criado como luterano y luego Paul se volvi Bautista.[12]
Como residente mdico en los aos sesenta, Paul fue influenciado por el libro de Friedrich Hayek, el Camino de servidumbre, que lo llev a leer varios trabajos de Ayn Rand y Ludwig von Mises. Tambin lleg a conocer a los economistas Hans Sennholz y Murray Rothbard, los cuales lo influenciaron en su estudio de la economa. Paul lleg a creer que lo que los economistas de la Escuela austraca escribieron se estaba volviendo realidad el 15 de agosto de 1971, cuando el Presidente Richard Nixon cerr la "ventana de oro" separando el dlar Americano del Patrn oro.[13] Ese mismo da, el joven mdico decidi entrar a la poltica, diciendo despus que, "Despus de aquel da, todo el dinero ser dinero poltico en vez de ser dinero con valor real. Yo estaba sorprendido".[14]
Inspirado en su creencia de que la crisis monetaria de los 1970s fue predicha por la Escuela austraca y causada por el excesivo gasto fiscal por la Guerra de Vietnam[15] y el estado social,[16] Paul se volvi un delegado para la convencin Republicana de Texas y un candidato Republicano para el Congreso de los Estados Unidos. En 1974, el titular Robert R. Casey lo derrot en el 22 distrito de Texas. Cuando el Presidente Gerald Ford nombr a Casey como cabeza de la Comisin Martima Federal (Artculo en ingls), Paul gan en abril de 1976 una eleccin parcial para llenar el puesto vaco.[17] Paul perdi unos meses despus en la eleccin general, al Demcrata Robert Gammage, por menos de 300 votos (0.2%), pero derrot a Gammage en una revancha en 1978, y fue reelegido en 1980 y 1982.
Paul fue el primer representante republicano del rea. Tambin dirigi la delegacin texana de Reagan en la Convencin Nacional Republicana.[18] Su exitosa campaa contra Gammage sorprendi a los Demcratas locales, quienes esperaban a retener el puesto fcilmente a raz del Escndalo Watergate. Gammage subestim el apoyo de Paul de parte de las madres locales: "Tena dificultad en el condado de Brazoria, donde el ejerca, porque l haba asistido a la mitad de los bebs en el condado. Solo haba dos obstetras en el condado, y el otro era su socio."[19]
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5.5645mm NATO – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Posted: July 17, 2015 at 10:44 pm
5.5645mm NATO
5.5645mm NATO with measurement, left to right: bullet, empty case, complete round with bullet in case
The 5.5645mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO) is an intermediate cartridge developed in the United States and originally chambered in the M16 rifle. Under STANAG 4172, it is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries.[3] It is derived from, but not identical to, the .223 Remington cartridge.
In the 1950s, the 7.6251mm NATO rifle cartridge (sold commercially as the .308 Winchester rifle cartridge)[4] was selected to replace the .30-06 Springfield as the standard NATO rifle cartridge. At the time of selection, there had been criticism that the 7.6251mm NATO was too powerful for lightweight modern service rifles, causing excessive recoil, and that the ammunition did not allow for sufficient rate of fire in modern combat.[citation needed]
The British had extensive evidence with their own experiments into an intermediate cartridge since 1945 and were on the point of introducing a .280 inch (7mm) cartridge when the selection of the 7.6251mm NATO was made. The FN company had also been involved.[5] The concerns about recoil and effectiveness were effectively overruled by the US within NATO, and the other NATO nations accepted that standardization was more important at the time than selection of the ideal cartridge.([6]The EM-2, Rifle No.9 Mk1 or "Janson rifle", was an experimental British assault rifle briefly adopted by British forces in 1951, but the decision was overturned very shortly thereafter by Winston Churchill's incoming government in an effort to secure NATO standardisation of small arms and ammunition in the face of American intransigence.) However, while the 7.6251mm NATO round became NATO standard, the US was already engaged in research of their own, which ultimately led to the 5.5645mm NATO cartridge.[citation needed]
During the late 1950s, ArmaLite and other U.S. firearm designers started their individual Small Caliber/High Velocity (SCHV) assault rifle experiments using the commercial .222 Remington cartridge. When it became clear that there was not enough powder capacity to meet U.S. Continental Army Command's (CONARC) velocity and penetration requirements, ArmaLite contacted Remington to create a similar cartridge with a longer case body and shorter neck. This became the .222 Remington Special. At the same time, Springfield Armory's Earle Harvey had Remington create an even longer cartridge case then known as the .224 Springfield. Springfield was forced to drop out of the CONARC competition, and thus the .224 Springfield was later released as a commercial sporting cartridge known as the .222 Remington Magnum. To prevent confusion among all of the competing .222 cartridge designations, the .222 Remington Special was renamed the .223 Remington. With the U.S. military adoption of the ArmaLite M16 rifle in 1963, the .223 Remington was standardized as the 5.5645mm NATO. As a commercial sporting cartridge the .223 Remington was introduced in 1964.
The 5.5645mm cartridge, along with the M16 rifle, were initially adopted by U.S. infantry forces as interim solutions to address the weight and control issues experienced with the 7.6251mm round and M14 rifle. In the late 1950s, the Special Purpose Individual Weapon program sought to create flechette rounds to allow troops to fire sabot-type projectiles to give a short flight time and flat trajectory with a muzzle velocity of 1,200 metres per second (3,900ft/s) to 1,500 metres per second (4,900ft/s). At those speeds, factors like range, wind drift, and target movement would no longer affect performance. Several manufacturers produced varying weapons designs, including traditional wooden, bullpup, "space age," and even multi-barrel designs with drum magazines. All used similar ammunition firing a 1.8mm diameter dart with a plastic "puller" sabot filling the case mouth. While the flechette ammo had excellent armor penetration, there were doubts about their terminal effectiveness against unprotected targets. Conventional cased ammunition was more accurate and the sabots were expensive to produce. The SPIW never created a weapons system that was combat effective, so the M16 was retained, and the 5.56mm round was kept as the standard U.S. infantry rifle cartridge.[5]
In a series of mock-combat situations testing in the early 1960s with the M16, M14 and AK-47, the Army found that the M16's small size and light weight allowed it to be brought to bear much more quickly.[citation needed] Their final conclusion was that an 8-man team equipped with the M16 would have the same fire-power as a current 11-man team armed with the M14.[citation needed] U.S. troops were able to carry more than twice as much 5.5645mm NATO ammunition as 7.6251mm NATO for the same weight, which would allow them a better advantage against a typical NVA unit armed with AK-47, AKM or Type 56 assault rifles.
(*AK-47/AKM magazines are much heavier than M14 and M16 magazines)
In 1977, NATO members signed an agreement to select a second, smaller caliber cartridge to replace the 7.6251mm NATO cartridge.[9] Of the cartridges tendered, the 5.5645mm NATO was successful, but not the 55gr M193 round used by the U.S. at that time. The wounds produced by the M193 round were so devastating that many[10] consider it to be inhumane.[11][12] Instead, the Belgian 62gr SS109 round was chosen for standardization. The SS109 used a heavier bullet with a steel tip and had a lower muzzle velocity for better long-range performance, specifically to meet a requirement that the bullet be able to penetrate through one side of a steel helmet at 600 meters. This requirement made the SS109 (M855) round less capable of fragmentation than the M193 and was considered more humane.[13]
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Questions and Answers About Psoriasis
Posted: at 10:42 pm
October 2013
This publication contains general information about psoriasis. It describes what psoriasis is, what causes it, and what the treatment options are. If you have further questions after reading this publication, you may wish to discuss them with your doctor.
Psoriasis is a chronic (long-lasting) skin disease of scaling and inflammation that affects greater than 3 percent of the U.S. population, or more than 5 million adults. Although the disease occurs in all age groups, it primarily affects adults. It appears about equally in males and females.
Psoriasis occurs when skin cells quickly rise from their origin below the surface of the skin and pile up on the surface before they have a chance to mature. Usually this movement (also called turnover) takes about a month, but in psoriasis it may occur in only a few days.
In its typical form, psoriasis results in patches of thick, red (inflamed) skin covered with silvery scales. These patches, which are sometimes referred to as plaques, usually itch or feel sore. They most often occur on the elbows, knees, other parts of the legs, scalp, lower back, face, palms, and soles of the feet, but they can occur on skin anywhere on the body. The disease may also affect the fingernails, the toenails, and the soft tissues of the genitals, and inside the mouth. Although it is not unusual for the skin around affected joints to crack, some people with psoriasis experience joint inflammation that produces symptoms of arthritis. This condition is called psoriatic arthritis.
Individuals with psoriasis may experience significant physical discomfort and some disability. Itching and pain can interfere with basic functions, such as self-care, walking, and sleep. Plaques on hands and feet can prevent individuals from working at certain occupations, playing some sports, and caring for family members or a home. The frequency of medical care is costly and can interfere with an employment or school schedule. People with moderate to severe psoriasis may feel self-conscious about their appearance and have a poor self-image that stems from fear of public rejection and concerns about intimate relationships. Psychological distress can lead to significant depression and social isolation.
Psoriasis is a skin disorder driven by the immune system, especially involving a type of white blood cell called a T cell. Normally, T cells help protect the body against infection and disease. In the case of psoriasis, T cells are put into action by mistake and become so active that they trigger other immune responses, which lead to inflammation and to rapid turnover of skin cells.
In many cases, there is a family history of psoriasis. Researchers have studied a large number of families affected by psoriasis and identified genes linked to the disease. Genes govern every bodily function and determine the inherited traits passed from parent to child.
People with psoriasis may notice that there are times when their skin worsens, called flares, then improves. Conditions that may cause flares include infections, stress, and changes in climate that dry the skin. Also, certain medicines, including beta-blockers, which are prescribed for high blood pressure, and lithium may trigger an outbreak or worsen the disease. Sometimes people who have psoriasis notice that lesions will appear where the skin has experienced trauma. The trauma could be from a cut, scratch, sunburn, or infection.
Occasionally, doctors may find it difficult to diagnose psoriasis, because it often looks like other skin diseases. It may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis by examining a small skin sample under a microscope.
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Questions and Answers About Psoriasis
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Home Remedies for Psoriasis – Treatment & Cure – Natural …
Posted: at 10:42 pm
Psoriasis is one of the most chronic skin diseases that are characterized by thick, red, silvery, scaled patches on the skin. It can also be defined as an inflammatory skin condition. It affects both sexes and usually appears in the age of 15-30 years. It is rarely found in infants and elderly people. It is not contagious and is caused by faulty signals in the immune system. There are five types of psoriasis and they are:
The hot Epsom salts bath has been proven valuable in the treatment of psoriasis. Application of olive oil after the Epsom salt bath is also effective and also one of the effective home remedies for psoriasis.
Regular seawater baths and application of seawater over the affected parts once a day is highly beneficial. This is one of the best psoriasis remedy.
Bitter gourd is a valuable home remedy for psoriasis. Take a cup of fresh juice of this vegetable, mixed with a teaspoon of limejuice on an empty stomach daily for four to six months. This is a good diet for psoriasis.
The use of mudpacks is also beneficial for the psoriasis. They absorb and remove the toxins from the affected areas.
Cabbage leaves can be used in the form of compresses. They can be applied on the affected area after removing the thick veins and washing them thoroughly. This is also one of the effective home remedies for psoriasis.
Sunlight is the best and natural remedy for psoriasis.
Vitamin E therapy has been found effective in the psoriasis treatment. A daily dose of 200-800 I.U is recommended as they reduce itching of the area.
Lecithin is also considered as a remarkable remedy for the psoriasis treatment.
Psoriasis cure - 6-9 lecithin capsules in a day are recommended.
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Psoriasis – NHS Choices
Posted: at 10:42 pm
Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales.
These patches normally appear on your elbows, knees, scalp and lower back, but can appear anywhere on your body.Most people are only affected with small patches. In some cases, the patches can be itchy or sore.
Psoriasis affects around 2% of people in the UK. It can start at any age, but most often develops in adults under 35 years old. The condition affects men and women equally.
The severity of psoriasis varies greatly from person to person. For some people it's just a minor irritation, but for others it can havea major impact on their quality of life.
Psoriasis is a long-lasting (chronic) disease that usually involves periods when you have no symptoms ormild symptoms, followed by periods when symptoms are more severe.
Read more about the symptoms of psoriasis.
People with psoriasis have anincreased production of skin cells.
Skin cells are normallymade and replaced every three to four weeks, but in psoriasis this process only lasts about three to seven days. The resulting build-up of skin cells is what creates the patches associated with psoriasis.
Although the process isn't fully understood, it's thoughtto be related to a problem with the immune system. The immune systemis your body's defence against disease and infection, but for people with psoriasis, it attacks healthy skin cells by mistake.
Psoriasis can run in families,although the exact role that genetics plays in causing psoriasis is unclear.
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Psoriasis - NHS Choices
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Libertarianism versus other Political Perspectives
Posted: at 10:41 pm
In simplest terms the primary difference between libertarianism and other political philosophies involves beliefs about the amount of authority government should have over peoples' personal and business matters.
Liberals want government to focus on doing what is "good," including providing what is often referred to as "social justice." To do that, among other policies, liberals expect government to: a)tax corporations and "wealthy" and "high income" citizens heavily to pay for the social justice programs and b)regulate business and personal behavior to the extent necessary for social justice.
Conservatives want government to control "bad," offensive, and immoral behavior, even if that behavior brings no harm or danger to non-participants. Most often bad is defined based on the prevailing interpretation of Judeo-Christian rules. And, though conservatives tend to express a belief in small government, they usually cannot resist government programs that serve their agenda such as "family values."
Liberals and conservatives both believe that government's mission is some combination of: a)making the world better, b)providing moral leadership, and c)protecting people from themselves. Of course conservatives and liberals tend to disagree about what is good and what is moral. And whether or not you agree with those objectives, you are forced to pay for them with your money and/or your liberty. Ironically you pay for liberal and conservative programs, rules, and regulations -- with your money and your liberty.
Libertarians believe that goodness is voluntary, morality is personal, human nature cannot be legislated away, and only harm to others should be illegal.
And, though libertarians believe in limited government, as described in the U.S. Constitution, they do not want chaos. Libertarians recognize that government has a clear and critical mission: preserving and enhancing liberty. To achieve that goal government must: a)protect citizens from foreign enemies, b)arrest, try, and punish people that harm or endanger others, and c)make some judgment calls when peoples' liberties conflict.
When considering where to locate your politics on the Nolan Chart first ask yourself: "How much should government do to make my preferences mandatory?" Then ask yourself, "How much should government control what I do based on what other people think, believe, or want?"
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Libertarianism versus other Political Perspectives
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