Daily Archives: March 2, 2015

Chinas Internet censorship song - LoneWolf Sager (_)
The Cyberspace Administration of China sang a song that promotes Internet censorship during a talent show hosted by the Beijing Internet Association. "Happy Valentines Day To All To All...

By: LoneWolf Sager

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Chinas Internet censorship song - LoneWolf Sager (_) - Video

One reader said that the Chinese people adapt to censorship in clever ways. Credit Illusration by Javier Jan

My Chinese censor is Zhang Jiren, an editor at the Shanghai Translation Publishing House, and last September he accompanied me on a publicity tour. It was the first time Id gone on a book tour with my censor. When I rode the high-speed train from Shanghai to Beijing, Zhang sat beside me; at the hotel in Beijing, he stayed on the same floor. He sat in on my interviews with the Chinese media. He had even prepared the tour schedule on a spreadsheet, which was color-coded to represent five types of commitments, with days that lasted as long as thirteen hours. Other authors had warned me about such schedules, so before the tour I sent Zhang a request for more free time. His response was prompt: In my experience, the tours in China are always tough and exhausting. Hope you understand it.

And that was allno adjustment, no apology. In China, theres a tendency toward brutal honesty, and even the censored media may tell you things you dont want to hear. During my tour, one major Shanghai newspaper, Wenhui Daily, ran a six-thousand-word profile that began with the sentence Peter Hessler is now forty-five years old, and hes gotten a lot fatter, and he has wrinkles around the corners of his eyes. In Beijing, a television host finished his interview, shut off the camera, and said, To be honest, I liked your wifes book better than yours.

There are a couple of things that I should clarify. The first is that I weigh a hundred and fifty pounds. The second is that its not really fair to describe Zhang Jiren as a censor. Its true that he makes my books politically acceptable to the Chinese authorities, but censorship is only one of his duties. Zhang directs the nonfiction division at Shanghai Translation, where he also has to find translators, edit manuscripts, gauge political risks, and handle publicity. Hes thirty-seven years old but looks younger, a thin man with buzz-cut hair and owlish glasses. His background is in philosophy, and he wrote a masters thesis on Herbert Marcuse, the neo-Marxist thinker. Once, Zhang told me that he had studied Marcuse because his ideas are a powerful tool for Chinese to resist the long-term propaganda campaigns.

On the tour, Zhang was omnipresent, not because he wanted to monitor me but because he was responsible for virtually everything that happened. And yet his presence was quiet: usually, he was off to the side, listening and observing but saying little. He always wore sneakers, an old T-shirt, and calf-length trousers, and this casual outfit, during thirteen-hour days, sometimes made me feel like I was being given a tour of Purgatory by a neo-Marxist grad student. But I appreciated the guidance. Recently, there have been a number of articles in the foreign press about Chinese censorship, with the tone highly critical of American authors who accept changes to their manuscripts in order to publish in mainland China. The articles tend to take a narrowly Western perspective: they rarely examine how such books are read by Chinese, and editors like Zhang are portrayed crudely, as Communist Party hacks. This was one reason I went on the tourI figured that the best way to understand censorship is to spend a week with your censor.

Since Xi Jinping became President, in 2013, China has engaged in an increasingly repressive political crackdown. The authorities have also become more antagonistic toward the foreign press; its now harder for journalists to renew their visas, and many report being hassled by local authorities while on research trips. And yet the reading public has begun to discover nonfiction books about China by foreigners. More than any other editor, Zhang has tapped into this trendall but one of his six best-selling titles in the past few years have been foreign books about China. In Zhangs opinion, this reflects the new worldliness of readers, which he believes says more about the countrys long-term direction than the censorship or the propaganda does. The Party turns left this year, and maybe it turns right this year, Zhang wrote to me in 2014. In my opinion, the only certain thing is that Chinese people are much more individualized and open-minded.

In 1998, when I wrote River Town, my first book, it was inconceivable that a foreigners portrait of contemporary China would be published there, for reasons both political and commercial. There wasnt much of a market for books about China in the United States, either. I had just spent two years as a Peace Corps teacher at a college in Fuling, a small, remote city on the Yangtze River, and I finished the first draft without a contract. On the opening page, I wrote, There was no railroad in Fuling. It had always been a poor part of Sichuan Province and the roads were bad. To go anywhere you took the boat, but mostly you didnt go anywhere. The word poor appeared thirty-six times in the book; I used dirty more than two dozen times. I never thought seriously about such details until a publisher accepted the manuscript.

After that, I sent a draft to two friends from Fuling: Emily Yang, one of my former students, who was a native of the town, and Adam Meier, another Peace Corps volunteer. Their comments were almost completely contradictory. Emily wrote, I think no one would like Fuling city after reading your story. But I cant complain, as everything you write about is the fact. I wish the city would be more attractive with time. Meanwhile, Adam thought I had softened the portrayal. He was particularly concerned that I had omitted an incident that occurred near the end of our two years, when we went downtown with a video camera to record places that we wanted to remember. A crowd gathered and accused us of being journalists filming images of poverty to show Americans, which was a common charge at that time. We explained that we were teachers, but the crowd turned violent, kicking and hitting us until we ran away.

This was my most disturbing experience in Fuling, and I left it out of the first draft. One of the books main themes was the slow, sometimes painful way in which we had been accepted by locals, and I worried about undermining this message with a description of the mob in the final chapter. But, after discussing it with Adam, I decided that the scene was necessary. And this set the tone for my editing: I corrected details that were wrong, but I didnt touch anything that felt honest or raw. I left the word poor on page 1 and everywhere else that it appeared. I decided, effectively, that I would ignore a certain emotional side of the likely Chinese response.

I realized that I might not be welcome in Fuling after the book appeared. At the end of 2000, about a month before publication, I made a final trip to visit friends. I attended the wedding of one of my favorite former students, and then I gave a talk at a remote middle school where another former student was teaching. Shortly after I began my lecture, policemen arrived from Chongqing, the regional capital. They announced that the event was cancelled and escorted me off the stage. I returned to Beijing, and the following week almost everybody I had visited in Fuling was interrogated. The police detained the bride and groom to ask about our friendship, and another student telephoned me, sounding confused. Is it possible for the police to listen to what you say on the telephone? he asked. They knew all the things that you and I have been talking about recently.

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Travels with My Censor

U.S. expert on the Balkans Daniel Serwer recently published an analysis of the media scene in Serbia, regarding claims of censorship and stifling of media freedoms.

Serwer, senior research professor and senior fellow at the Center for Transatlantic Relations at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, wrote that he "asked a knowledgeable friend about media freedom in Serbia."

Noting that he was "prepared to publish other well-reasoned perspectives on this issue," Serwer posted the reply he received on is blog:

"Here is my theory on the Serbian media scene.

Media freedom activists (MFA) who claim there is censorship imposed directly by the Serbian government or even Prime Minister Vui himself and who consist of both journalists and nongovernmental organization representatives constitute a small fraction of people working in the media sector overall. Most journalists do not complain about censorship and perform their jobs normally.

Of course, being a minority does not mean being wrong. But in the case of the MFA, the problem is the argumentation they use in their attempts to prove that there is censorship. What they emphasize as their ultimate proof is that a vast majority of mainstream media never, or at most rarely, criticize Vui.

It is true that most media treat Vui in a positive way, but that does not necessarily have to be due to censorship by him or the government as a whole. The media do not operate in a vacuum; they are an integral part of broader society. As such, they reflect the general mood of the public. If Vui enjoys huge support from people, it is not surprising that most media might be reluctant to write or speak against him, even if they have grounds. They do not want to risk alienating their readers and followers, both actual and potential.

Even though Vui is today far more popular than Tadi ever was during his presidency (and certainly holds more power than Tadi did), when you compare the number and percentage of mainstream media that are currently pro-Vui with the number of those that were pro-Tadi when he was in power, youll see that, strangely, more media then favored Tadi than now favor Vui.

Another two factors that I believe contribute a great deal to sycophantic behavior of some media toward those in power (at any given time, not just at present) are opportunism and cowardice. An example of cowardice is when a journalist refrains from criticizing a politician in power not because someone influential warned them not to, but because of perceived fear of getting into trouble if they did. An example of opportunism is when a journalist (or editor) flatters powerful figures in hopes of earning privileges in return. Albeit different, both can be regarded as cases of self-censorship.

In terms of their attitude toward the ruling elite, Serbian mass media can be roughly classified into three basic categories.

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Serbia: Media and government

Popular security software company Avast is the latest overseastechnology company to get caught in Chinas censorship net after users began reporting that its service and website were blocked inside the country.

Data from GreatFire.org shows that Avast.com has been unavailable in China since Sunday. Users of Avast which claims over 220 million global users of its antivirus and security products for Windows, Mac and Android posted screenshots on Weibo, Avasts forum and other sites showingissues.

Perhaps by coincidence, a recent Reuters report claimed that overseas antivirus firmsSymantec andKaspersky Lab had been removed froma list of approved anti-virus software vendorsfor state organizations.

We contacted Avast for comment but the company hadnot responded at the time of writing.

Update: We can confirm that Avast is being blocked in China and that we are actively investigating the situation, an Avast spokesperson told us.

Chinas so-called Great Firewall internet censorship system has treated overseas services and websites with increased hostility since the summer, when Google suffered an unusually log period of inaccessibility following the Tiananmen Square anniversary.

Gmail, among other Google sites, has yet to return to its usual levels, which has caused issues for business that rely on it for communications, while the blocking ofHSBCs online banking serviceandVerizons Edgecast networkhad repercussions.The blocking of Avast may also trigger similar frustrations from companies based in China that rely on its service (which includes a dedicated enterprise service) to maintain their security.

Image via Avast forum

It has been suggested that the crackdown on Avast could be related to a recent clamp down on VPN services, which letsusers access blocked websites from inside China. There is a VPN componentto Avasts software suite, but weve also heard unsubstantiated rumors that the company recentlyrefused to provide its source code to the Chinese government, as tech firms are now required to doaccording to a new draft law. If the latter is true, that may have led to its censoring.

Excerpt from:
Antivirus Maker Avast Is Latest Overseas Tech Firm Blocked In China