Monthly Archives: February 2015

Research Captures Transient Details of HIV Genome Packaging

Posted: February 28, 2015 at 10:43 am

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Newswise Once HIV-1 has hijacked a host cell to make copies of its own RNA genome and viral proteins, it must assemble these components into new virus particles. The orchestration of this intricate assembly process falls to a viral protein known as Gag. For one thing, Gag must be able to discern viral RNA from the host cells and squirrel it away inside new viral particles no easy task considering only two to three percent of the RNA found in the cytoplasm is from HIV-1. Exactly how Gag selectively packages viral RNA has been widely speculated but never directly observed.

Now a team of researchers from Paul Bieniaszs Laboratory of Retrovirology at The Rockefeller University and the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center have employed a recently developed technique to capture in a sort of molecular freeze-frame just how Gag accomplishes this feat. In research published recently in Cell, they reveal that Gag undergoes dramatic and transient changes in binding preferences that allow it to precisely select viral RNA for packaging into new viruses.

One of the functions of Gag is to choose the viral RNA from all the RNA present in the cell to package into a viral particle, which will then go on to infect a new cell, say Bieniasz. Gag, the major structural protein of HIV-1, floats about as individual molecules in the cytoplasm, but to assemble new viruses, thousands of Gag coalesce at the host cells plasma membrane, forming an immature viral particle containing two strands of viral RNA.

Previous studies suggested that Gag targeted viral RNA by binding to a sequence known as psi, but many suspected that this interaction alone could not account for Gags ability to discriminate between viral and host cell RNA.

To observe just how Gag recruits viral RNA, the researchers turned to a technique known as crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (CLIP) sequencing, which uses ultraviolet light to fuse RNA and protein and preserve interactions for further analysis. CLIP essentially freezes the interaction in space and time, and tells you in a very localized, specific way the RNA sequences your protein was bound to, says first author Sebla B. Kutluay, a postdoctoral fellow in the lab.

Gag does indeed bind to psi on viral RNA, the researchers found, the first time this interaction has been demonstrated in a biologically relevant setting. But as they suspected, there was more to the story. When Gag moves to the plasma membrane, it appears to completely change its behavior and bind to many different sites throughout the HIV-1 genome.

By analyzing the RNA sequences bound by Gag, the researchers discovered that the protein seems to change its taste for nucleotides depending on location. Gag in the cytoplasm prefers RNA sequences rich in guanine, but at the plasma membrane, Gag is temporarily drawn to sequences rich in adenine. Strikingly, the genome of HIV-1 is particularly adenine-rich an unusual property of the HIV-1 genome that has heretofore puzzled scientists.

Such changes in RNA binding behavior would have been impossible to observe even a few years ago, before the availability of CLIP. Gag binding to adenine-rich RNAs was never seen before by any approach and could not have been seen by any other approach, says Bieniasz, noting that CLIP was developed by colleagues in Robert B. Darnells laboratory and refined in Thomas Tuschls laboratory at Rockefeller.

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Research Captures Transient Details of HIV Genome Packaging

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Prayer Against Growths; Tumors, Cysts, Polyps, Warts, Moles, Fungus, Psoriasis – Video

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Prayer Against Growths; Tumors, Cysts, Polyps, Warts, Moles, Fungus, Psoriasis
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Prayer Against Growths; Tumors, Cysts, Polyps, Warts, Moles, Fungus, Psoriasis - Video

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How To Treat Psoriasis Of The Scalp, Plaque Psoriasis Natural Treatment, Treatment For Psoriasis On – Video

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Guttate Psoriasis, Scalp Psoriasis, Home Remedies For Psoriasis, How To Treat Scalp Psoriasis – Video

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Guttate Psoriasis, Scalp Psoriasis, Home Remedies For Psoriasis, How To Treat Scalp Psoriasis
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New Treatments For Psoriasis, Home Treatment For Psoriasis, Psoriasis Causes And Treatment – Video

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New Treatments For Psoriasis, Home Treatment For Psoriasis, Psoriasis Causes And Treatment
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Psoriasis Scrape – Tracks in the snow – Video

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Psoriasis Scrape - Tracks in the snow
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Tampa dermatologists clinical trial for nail psoriasis generating encouraging results

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Tampa Dermatologist Dr. Seth Forman is expressing boundless optimism as the clinical trial for nail psoriasis his office in conducting is producing astounding results

Reformulated to specifically treat nail psoriasis, the medication Humira is being used in phase III of a clinical trial. Humira is an already available medication known to relieve pain and to reduce inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis.

Throughout the trials, the reformulated version of the medication has been given to patients in order to monitor and confirm its effectiveness. So far, the Tampa dermatologist says hes impressed with the findings.

We are happy with what weve seen so far, said Dr. Forman. This is by far the most effective nail psoriasis treatment Ive ever seen. The results are that spectacular.

The condition is a common feature seen in conjunction with cutaneous psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Nail psoriasis can affect as much as 50 percent of all psoriasis patients, causing distress from pain and an unsightly look, according to the Psoriasis Institute.

While the ongoing nail psoriasis clinical trials continue to move along fluidly, Dr. Forman says they are far from being over.

The trials are still in the beginning phases and there is still a lot of work to be done, said the Tampa dermatologist. We aim to continue treating patients, both new and current, until we are fully satisfied with the outcome.

Dr. Formans office offers multiple clinical trials for eczema, plaque psoriasis nail psoriasis and others. Clinical trials offer patients, insured or not, the opportunity for complimentary healthcare.

If interested in being a part of the clinical trial for nail psoriasis, or for more on Dr. Seth Forman, Tampa dermatology or Forman Dermatology and Skin Cancer Institute, please visitwww.FormanDerm.com.

About Dr. Seth Forman:Dr. Forman is a board-certified dermatologist practicing in Tampa, Florida. He was voted the Best Dermatologist in Carrollwood in 2011 and 2012 by the Carrollwood News and Tribune. In December 2011, he opened his newTampa dermatologyoffice, Forman Dermatology and Skin Cancer Institute, where he gives psoriasis sufferers access to the latest treatment options, including topical and oral medications, as well as biological and phototherapy. Dr. Forman is one of the few Tampa dermatologists to offer narrowband light therapy, which uses pharmaceutical grade light to suppress psoriasis. Hes also one of the few board-certified dermatologists in the U.S. to use the SRT-100 radiotherapy to treat basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer.

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AbbVie's HUMIRA (Adalimumab) Receives Positive CHMP Opinion to Treat Children and Adolescents With Severe Chronic …

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Marketing Authorization Decision Expected from the European Commission in the Second Quarter

NORTH CHICAGO, Illinois, Feb. 27, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) announced that the European Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has granted a positive opinion for HUMIRA (adalimumab) for the treatment of severe chronic plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from four years of age. If granted marketing authorization by the European Commission, HUMIRA may become the first treatment availablefor severe chronic plaque psoriasisin children and adolescents fromfour years of age who have had an inadequate response to or are inappropriate candidates for topical therapy and phototherapies.

"The positive response from the CHMP marks an important step in addressing the needs of children and adolescents living with severe plaque psoriasis in Europe," said Michael Severino, M.D., executive vice president, research and development and chief scientific officer, AbbVie. "Building on more than 16 years of clinical experience with HUMIRA, we look forward to the opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of pediatric plaque psoriasis patients."

The positive opinion is based on the results of a Phase 3 study, which will be presented at an upcoming medical meeting. The review of the marketing authorization application (MAA) is being conducted under the centralized licensing procedure. If approved, the authorization will be valid in all 28 member states of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.

Since first gaining approval 12 years ago, HUMIRA has been approved in more than 87 countries. It is currently being used to treat more than 843,000 patients worldwide1 across 10 globally approved indications.2

About Pediatric Chronic Plaque Psoriasis According to estimates from the World Health Organization, pediatric psoriasis occurs in 0.70 percent of the pediatric population,3 with no significant difference by gender.4 The chronic autoimmune disease is characterized by the rapid and excessive accumulation of skin cells, which form thick patches of inflamed, scaly skin.5 Pediatric psoriasis has similar characteristics to adult psoriasis, but in children, the psoriatic lesions are typically smaller, thinner, and less scaly.4 Beyond the physical challenges of managing the chronic skin disorder, it is also considered to have significant emotional and psychological effects.6

HUMIRA EU Therapeutic Indications2 HUMIRA is approved for use in moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, active juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients who have had inadequate response to prior therapy, ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, active and progressive psoriatic arthritis, moderate to severely active Crohn's Disease and moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis.See SmPC for full indication.

Important EU Safety Information2 HUMIRA is contraindicated in patients with active tuberculosis or other severe infections and in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The use of HUMIRA increases the risk of developing serious infections which may, in rare cases, be life-threatening. Rare cases of lymphoma and leukemia have been reported in patients treated with a TNF-antagonist. On rare occasions, a severe type of cancer called hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma has been observed and often results in death. A risk for the development of malignancies in patients treated with TNF-antagonists cannot be excluded. The most frequently reported adverse events across all indications included respiratory infections, injection site reactions, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, rash and musculoskeletal pain.

(see SmPC for full details at https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21201)

About AbbVie AbbVie is a global, research-based biopharmaceutical company formed in 2013 following separation from Abbott Laboratories. The company's mission is to use its expertise, dedicated people and unique approach to innovation to develop and market advanced therapies that address some of the world's most complex and serious diseases. AbbVie employs more than 26,000 people worldwide and markets medicines in more than 170 countries. For further information on the company and its people, portfolio and commitments, please visit http://www.abbvie.com. Follow @abbvie on Twitter or view careers on our Facebook or LinkedIn page.

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Translational Regenerative Medicine: Market Prospects 2015-2025

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Translational Regenerative Medicine - new study showing you trends, R&D progress, and predicted revenues Where is the market for regenerative medicine heading? What are the commercial prospects for this market and related technologies? Visiongain's brand new report shows you potential revenues and other trends to 2025, discussing data, opportunities and prospects.

Visiongain's report lets you assess regenerative medicine: cell-based therapies that aim to restore function and regenerate diseased tissues. Our 260 page report provides 145 tables, charts, and graphs. Discover the most lucrative areas in the industry and the future market prospects. Our new study lets you assess forecasted sales at world market, submarket and national level. You will see financial results, interviews, trends, opportunities and revenue predictions.

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You find prospects for key submarkets and products In addition to analyses of the overall world market, you see revenue forecasts for these three submarkets to 2025: Stem cell therapies Gene Therapies Tissue engineering products

Products that can significantly increase disease-free survival and improve patient tolerance will achieve success. In the long term, we forecast these curative therapies to be adopted by many healthcare systems globally.

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To see a report overview please email Sara Peerun on sara.peerun@visiongainglobal.com

See revenue forecasts for products How will leading products perform to 2025 at the world level? Our study forecasts sales of currently marketed and pipeline regenerative medicine products including these: Osteocel Plus Trinity ELITE and Trinity Evolution Prochymal Apligraf Dermagraft ReCell Neovasculgen Glybera Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-Vec)

Discover how high revenues can go. You will see what is happening, understanding trends, challenges and opportunities.

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Translational Regenerative Medicine: Market Prospects 2015-2025

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Multiple Girlfriends! -Dirty Thoughts- MGTOW – Video

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Multiple Girlfriends! -Dirty Thoughts- MGTOW
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