Daily Archives: February 2, 2015

UNC Researcher Co-Leads Effort to Map Genomic Changes in Head and Neck Cancer

Posted: February 2, 2015 at 5:45 pm

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Newswise CHAPEL HILL -- A study co-led by a UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researcher has identified genomic changes in head and neck cancers linked to the sexually transmitted disease HPV -- the latest finding of a collaborative scientific effort designed to map out the genomic changes driving cancer.

The study by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) researchers analyzed the genomes of 279 head and neck cancer tumors. They identified subtypes of head and neck cancer based on their genomic characteristics, changes in smoking-related tumors, as well as genomic differences in head and neck cancer tumors linked to HPV, the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

The findings were published online Jan. 28 in the journal Nature. Researchers hope the findings will help lead to potential new therapies and the identification of markers that can help identify patients likely to respond to a particular therapy, as well as help direct the best course of treatment for patients.

The rapid increase in HPV-related head and neck cancers, noticeably in oropharyngeal tumors, has created an even greater sense of urgency in the field, said D. Neil Hayes, MD, MPH, senior author of the study report, an associate professor of medicine at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and a member of UNC Lineberger. Oropharyngeal cancer starts in the oropharynx, which is the part of the throat behind the mouth. Were uncovering differences between tumors with and without HPV infection, and these new data are allowing us to rethink how we approach head and neck cancers.

Smoking and alcohol use are main risk factors for head and neck cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI). But studies have shown that HPV-linked oropharyngeal cancer cases are on the rise. About 9,000 new oropharyngeal cancer cases are estimated to have been caused by HPV in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Comparatively, there were an estimated 55,000 new cases last year of all types of head and neck cancer, which include tumors of the mouth, throat, voice box, nasal cavity and salivary gland.1 In North Carolina, there were 1,850 new cases of head and neck cancer in 2012, which was up about 3 percent from 2011.2

In the HPV positive tumors in their sample, they found tumors with deletions and mutations of a gene called TRAF3, which is involved in anti-viral response. The researchers also found alterations of the FGFR3 gene and mutations in the PIK3CA gene in HPV positive tumors, which are also found in a much broader set of mutations in smoking-related tumors. PIK3CA has already been shown to be associated with HPV, Hayes said, but he said they showed the link clearly in their study.

And the study found that while the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene is frequently altered in HPV-negative tumors in smokers, it is rarely abnormal in HPV-positive tumors.

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J. Craig Venter Joins Obama for Unveiling of Precision Medicine Initiative

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San Diegos genome pioneer J. Craig Venter, co-founder and CEO of Human Longevity Inc., was among leaders in the field of genomics on hand at the White House on Friday as President Barack Obama outlined his Precision Medicine Initiative.

It is gratifying to see that the Obama Administration realizes the great power and potential for genomic science as a means to better understand human biology, and to aid in disease prevention and treatment, Venter said in a release. I was honored to participate in today's White House event outlining a potential new, government-funded precision medicine program.

Precision medicine aims to tailor medical treatments to an individual through gene mapping and the study of molecular structures.

The White House released a list of goals on Friday to be funded with an initial $215 million proposed in Obamas 2016 federal budget.

The money is to be distributed to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). Heres the breakdown:

$130 million goes to the NIH for a voluntary national research program of a million or more volunteers.

$70 million to the National Cancer Institute, part of NIH, to find genetic variants driving cancer and develop better therapies.

$10 million to the FDA to develop high-quality databases to support regulatory requirements for precision medicine.

$5 million to ONC to develop technology for securely and privately transmitting data across different network.

Venter, also founder and CEO of J. Craig Venter Institute, said there are still significant privacy issues that must be addressed in any individualized medicine program funded and led by the government.

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Go to makeup for extremely dry skin/eczema skin – Video

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Craig Ferguson 2008 Gongs, Clowns, Censorship – Video

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MaxLiberty Philosophy – Why U listen 2 Stefan Molyneux – Cause he makes sense – Video

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Ron Paul What The Elections Really Mean For Peace and Liberty 11/10/14 – Video

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Access Hollywood Nikki Sixx Donna D'Errico & Kids – Video

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How Rand Paul tried to lead an eye doctors rebellion

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The letters came from a young ophthalmologist in Kentucky. He was recruiting for an eye doctors rebellion.

We wont be trod upon, he wrote, using the language of 1776. You cant promulgate injustice without consequences.

The injustice he was talking about was a new rule, from the powerful group that deems American ophthalmologists to be board-certified. It required younger doctors to take a test that older doctors did not have to take.

The Kentucky doctor was so outraged that he seceded and started his own Board of Ophthalmology, so he could certify himself.

You can send a clear message to the establishment by signing up to be certified by the new board, too, the letter said. Check the appropriate box and return the card with your $500. Sincerely, Rand Paul, M.D.

The letter, from about 2003, helps illuminate a little-understood (and mostly ridiculed) chapter of Pauls life before politics: how he became a self-certified ophthalmologist.

The saga began in the 1990s, when Paul now a senator representing Kentucky and a GOP presidential contender hatched a plan to put his familys free-market ideals into practice. He wouldnt submit to the establishment. He would out-compete it by offering doctors an alternative with lower fees and fairer rules. His do-it-yourself medical board lasted more than a decade, becoming one of the most complex organizations Paul ever led on his own.

But it didnt work. Indeed, in a life of successes, it became one of Pauls biggest flops.

The board certified only 50 or 60 doctors, by Pauls count, and was never accepted by the medical establishment. It failed partly because of resistance from the old guard but also because Paul hurt his own cause with shortcuts and oversights that made his big effort seem small.

The other officers of his board, for instance, werent ophthalmologists. They were his wife and father-in-law. His Web site was mainly a mission statement, and his mission statement had grammatical errors. And, after Paul missed a filing deadline in 2000, the state legally dissolved his board. Although Paul kept it operating, it remained unrecognized by the state until he officially revived it in 2005.

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Rand Pauls recruiting letter for his opthamology board

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Around 2002, some eye doctors began to get fiery letters from an ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Ky. He was trying to recruit them to do something odd: sign up to be "board-certified" by a medical board that hadn't existed a few years before.

The Kentucky doctor was Rand Paul -- the son of libertarian icon Ron Paul, who hadn't yet run for office himself. Paul managed to persuade around 50 or 60 doctors to pay the $500 and be certified by his new board. But he never managed to win recognition from the medical establishment, and the board had nearly faded away by the time Paul ran for office himself in 2010.

Letters to DocsRand Paul's recruiting letters for his opthamology board

David A. Fahrenthold covers Congress for the Washington Post. He has been at the Post since 2000, and previously covered (in order) the D.C. police, New England, and the environment.

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