Monthly Archives: November 2014

ADVANCED WARFARE WORLD’S FIRST "DOUBLE DNA BOMB" & FASTEST DNA BOMB *SOLO/CORE* (COD DNA Bomb) – Video

Posted: November 13, 2014 at 6:44 pm


ADVANCED WARFARE WORLD #39;S FIRST "DOUBLE DNA BOMB" FASTEST DNA BOMB *SOLO/CORE* (COD DNA Bomb)
ADVANCED WARFARE WORLD #39;S FIRST "DOUBLE DNA BOMB" FASTEST DNA BOMB (COD Advanced Warfare DNA Bomb) Player: https://www.youtube.com/user/Blacksharp1 Full Gameplay: ...

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ADVANCED WARFARE WORLD'S FIRST "DOUBLE DNA BOMB" & FASTEST DNA BOMB *SOLO/CORE* (COD DNA Bomb) - Video

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Thanks For 500 Subscribers! + The DNA BOMB (Advanced Warfare) – Video

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Thanks For 500 Subscribers! + The DNA BOMB (Advanced Warfare)
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Thanks For 500 Subscribers! + The DNA BOMB (Advanced Warfare) - Video

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3 Advanced Warfare Infected "DNA Bomb" Fails in 1 video – Video

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3 Advanced Warfare Infected "DNA Bomb" Fails in 1 video
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3 Advanced Warfare Infected "DNA Bomb" Fails in 1 video - Video

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DNA BOMB? Advanced Warfare Gameplay – Video

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DNA BOMB? Advanced Warfare Gameplay
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DNA BOMB? Advanced Warfare Gameplay - Video

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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare – Fast 2:55 TDM "DNA BOMB" (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay) – Video

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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare - Fast 2:55 TDM "DNA BOMB" (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay)
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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare - Fast 2:55 TDM "DNA BOMB" (COD AW Multiplayer Gameplay) - Video

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Advanced Warfare how to get a DNA Bomb TUTORIAL – Video

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Advanced Warfare how to get a DNA Bomb TUTORIAL
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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Road to DNA Bomb Ep.1 – Video

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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Road to DNA Bomb Ep.1
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Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Road to DNA Bomb Ep.1 - Video

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Lab contamination ruins many microbiome studies, researchers say

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New DNA sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our knowledge of the human microbiome - the teeming world of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies - yet a team of researchers now argues that many studies may be flawed because of contamination.

In a paper published Wednesday in the journal BMC Biology, researchers suggested that bacteria living on human skin, in the soil or in water have erroneously turned up in many microbiome studies, particularly those that seek to catalog sparse populations of microbes.

The contamination, the authors wrote, can occur during sample collection, preparation or during DNA sequencing because of tainted testing kits and reagents.

"This can critically impact study results, and we're now advising caution to researchers studying microbiota," said a statement from Alan Walker, a microbiologist who led the study at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and who is now at the University of Aberdeen. Both institutions are in Britain.

Problems, according to the researchers, are more likely to crop up in samples where relatively few foreign microbes exist, such as in blood or the lungs.

Contamination is much less likely to be a problem in samples where large numbers of microbes exist, such as in feces, researchers said.

The paper is not the first to recognize the problem, although it did conclude that the risk of contamination was greater as the biomass of the sample became smaller.

The researchers tested their hunch by sequencing heavily diluted samples of Salmonella bongori bacteria and used a variety of testing kits. Heavily diluted samples revealed a number of other microbes not contained in the original sample, they found.

"Contaminating DNA is ubiquitous in commonly used DNA extraction kits and other laboratory reagents and varies greatly in composition between different kits and kit batches," the authors wrote.

"This contamination critically impacts results," they wrote.

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Lab contamination ruins many microbiome studies, researchers say

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It's Not Always the DNA

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Newswise Damage to DNA is an issue for all cells, particularly in cancer, where the mechanisms that repair damage typically fail. The same agents that damage DNA also damage its sister molecule messenger RNA (mRNA), which ferries transcripts of the genes to the tens of thousands of ribosomes in each cell. But little attention has been paid to this damage.

Everybody thought, Why care about the messenger RNA? These molecules have high turnover rates and are quickly degraded, so what does it matter if one is damaged? said Hani Zaher, PhD, assistant professor of biology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

In organisms like E. coli or yeast, thats probably true, Zaher said. You dont have to worry about mRNA because it turns over really fast. But in neurons you cant use that argument because an mRNA can persist, in some cases for days. And if that mRNA is really damaged it can become a big problem.

There may be cases where messenger RNA is just as important as DNA, said Carrie Simms, PhD, a postdoctoral associate in Zahers lab. Clearly oxidative damage to RNA is somehow involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers and ALS. Its not necessarily causing the disease; it may just be some sort of byproduct; but its in the mix.

Under normal conditions only about 1 percent of the cellular mRNAs are oxidized, Zaher said, but if you have oxidative stress, for whatever reason, a higher percentage can be damaged.

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimers is oxidative stress, and studies have shown that in people with advanced Alzheimers, half of the RNA molecules in the neurons may be oxidized.

In the November 13 issue of Cell Reports, Zaher, Simms and their colleagues report that when they fed oxidized mRNA to ribosomes, the nanomachines that convert mRNA to protein, the ribosomes jammed and stopped.

A stuck ribosome could be rescued by factors that released it from the mRNA and chewed up the damaged transcipt. But if the factors involved in this quality-control system were absent, damaged mRNA accumulated in the cell, just as it does in Alzheimers.

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It's Not Always the DNA

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Feline Genome Project Reveals That Cats Are Only 'Semidomesticated'

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November 12, 2014

Chuck Bednar for redOrbit.com Your Universe Online

In news unlikely to surprise most cat owners, an analysis of the feline genome reveals that the DNA of the typical housecat differs only slightly from those living in the wild when compared to their canine counterparts.

Researchers from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, who published their findings earlier this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that unlike dogs, which arose from wolves over 30,000 years ago, the separation between domestic felines and wild cats occurred far more recently, when people began growing crops.

Cats, unlike dogs, are really only semidomesticated, senior author Wes Warren, associate professor of genetics at The Genome Institute at Washington University, explained in a statement Monday. They only recently split off from wild cats, and some even still breed with their wild relatives. So we were surprised to find DNA evidence of their domestication.

The research is part of the cat genome sequencing project, a National Human Genome Research Institute-funded project that began in 2007, and initially set out to study hereditary diseases in domestic cats. However, while comparing the genomes of domestic and wild cats, the authors found significant differences in specific regions of the domestic cat genome in particular, those linked with memory, fear and reward-seeking behavior.

Those behaviors, especially when it comes to animals seeking rewards, are believed to play an important role in the domestication process, the researchers found. When people began growing food, they likely offered some of it to cats in order to keep them around to keep the rodent population under control and away from grain harvests. As a result, cats that normally preferred to live solitary lives in the wild had additional incentive to stick around humans.

While cat domestication is believed to have begun about 9,000 years ago, Bloomberg News reporter Megan Scudellari explained that the majority of the 30-40 modern cat breeds originated just 150 years ago. In order to investigate the domestication process, Warren and his colleagues sequenced the genome of a female Abyssinian cat and compared her DNA to six other domestic cat breeds, two wild cat species and several other creatures.

Compared to omnivorous humans and herbivorous cows, carnivorous cats appear to have more quickly evolved genes that bestow an enhanced ability to digest heavy fats found in meat, Scudellari said. In addition, by comparing cat and dog genomes, the researchers found a unique evolutionary trade-off between the two groups: While dogs evolved an unsurpassed sense of smell, cats traded in those smell receptor genes for genes that enhanced their ability to sense pheromones, odorless substances that enable animals of the same species to communicate.

Warren told the Los Angeles Times that he believed he and his colleagues have created the first preliminary evidence that depicts domestic cats as not that far removed from wildcat populations, and the study authors wrote that their findings suggest that selection for docility, as a result of becoming accustomed to humans for food rewards, was most likely the major force that altered the first domesticated cat genomes.

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Feline Genome Project Reveals That Cats Are Only 'Semidomesticated'

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