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What Is The Definition Of Human Genome Project
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What Is The Definition Of Human Genome Project - Video

October 14, 2014

Provided by Alanna Orpen, BioMed Central

The house fly might be a worldwide pest, but its genome will provide information that could improve our lives. From insights into pathogen immunity, to pest control and decomposing waste, the 691 Mb genome has been sequenced and analyzed by a global consortium of scientists, and is published in the open access journal Genome Biology.

The genome highlights detoxification and immune system genes that are unique to the insect, and could be subjects of further study to help humans deal with toxic and disease causing environments.

The house fly (Musca domestica) lives on human and animal waste. They are an important species for scientific study because of their roles as waste decomposers and as carriers of over 100 human diseases, including typhoid, tuberculosis and worms. Fly transmitted trachoma alone causes 6 million cases of childhood blindness each year.

Because the house fly is so intimately involved in human processes, the researchers say sequencing its genome will have implications for human health, identifying the genes that allow the flies to live in toxic environments.

The lead author of the paper Jeff Scott, Cornell University, says: House flies are a fascinating insect for scientists in many areas, such as developmental biology, sex determination, immunity, toxicology and physiology. The completed genome will be a phenomenal tool for researchers in all of these fields and will facilitate rapid advancements

The consortium of scientists sequenced the genomes of six female houseflies, creating a 691 Mb long sequence. They compared it to the 123 Mb Drosophila melanogaster genome, to give an indication of the genes that were unique to house fly, and could be candidates for further study.

The comparison showed that the fly had many more immune genes, and that these were of a higher diversity than in the Drosophila genome. Understanding how this fly is immune to the human diseases it carries could help scientists to create treatments or vaccines for these diseases.

The fly genome also contained unique detoxification genes, which produce proteins that help the fly break down waste. Information about these genes could help us to handle human waste and improve the environment.

See the article here:
Fly Genome Could Help Us Improve Health And Our Environment

The house fly might be a worldwide pest, but its genome will provide information that could improve our lives. From insights into pathogen immunity, to pest control and decomposing waste, the 691 Mb genome has been sequenced and analyzed by a global consortium of scientists, and is published in the open access journal Genome Biology.

The genome highlights detoxification and immune system genes that are unique to the insect, and could be subjects of further study to help humans deal with toxic and disease causing environments.

The house fly (Musca domestica) lives on human and animal waste. They are an important species for scientific study because of their roles as waste decomposers and as carriers of over 100 human diseases, including typhoid, tuberculosis and worms. Fly transmitted trachoma alone causes 6 million cases of childhood blindness each year.

Because the house fly is so intimately involved in human processes, the researchers say sequencing its genome will have implications for human health, identifying the genes that allow the flies to live in toxic environments.

The lead author of the paper Jeff Scott, Cornell University, says: "House flies are a fascinating insect for scientists in many areas, such as developmental biology, sex determination, immunity, toxicology and physiology. The completed genome will be a phenomenal tool for researchers in all of these fields and will facilitate rapid advancements"

The consortium of scientists sequenced the genomes of six female houseflies, creating a 691 Mb long sequence. They compared it to the 123 Mb Drosophila melanogaster genome, to give an indication of the genes that were unique to house fly, and could be candidates for further study.

The comparison showed that the fly had many more immune genes, and that these were of a higher diversity than in the Drosophila genome. Understanding how this fly is immune to the human diseases it carries could help scientists to create treatments or vaccines for these diseases.

The fly genome also contained unique detoxification genes, which produce proteins that help the fly break down waste. Information about these genes could help us to handle human waste and improve the environment.

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The above story is based on materials provided by BioMed Central. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Fly genome could help improve health, environment

The house fly might be a worldwide pest, but its genome will provide information that could improve our lives. From insights into pathogen immunity, to pest control and decomposing waste, the 691 Mb genome has been sequenced and analyzed by a global consortium of scientists, and is published in the open access journal Genome Biology.

The genome highlights detoxification and immune system genes that are unique to the insect, and could be subjects of further study to help humans deal with toxic and disease causing environments.

The house fly (Musca domestica) lives on human and animal waste. They are an important species for scientific study because of their roles as waste decomposers and as carriers of over 100 human diseases, including typhoid, tuberculosis and worms. Fly transmitted trachoma alone causes 6 million cases of childhood blindness each year.

Because the house fly is so intimately involved in human processes, the researchers say sequencing its genome will have implications for human health, identifying the genes that allow the flies to live in toxic environments.

The lead author of the paper Jeff Scott, Cornell University, says: "House flies are a fascinating insect for scientists in many areas, such as developmental biology, sex determination, immunity, toxicology and physiology. The completed genome will be a phenomenal tool for researchers in all of these fields and will facilitate rapid advancements".

The consortium of scientists sequenced the genomes of six female houseflies, creating a 691 Mb long sequence. They compared it to the 123 Mb Drosophila melanogaster genome, to give an indication of the genes that were unique to house fly, and could be candidates for further study.

The comparison showed that the fly had many more immune genes, and that these were of a higher diversity than in the Drosophila genome. Understanding how this fly is immune to the human diseases it carries could help scientists to create treatments or vaccines for these diseases.

The fly genome also contained unique detoxification genes, which produce proteins that help the fly break down waste. Information about these genes could help us to handle human waste and improve the environment.

See more at EurekAlert!

Read the study at GenomeBiology.

Excerpt from:
Fly genome could help us improve our health and environment

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

14-Oct-2014

Contact: Syl Kacapyr vpk6@cornell.edu 607-255-7701 Cornell University @cornell

ITHACA, N.Y. Scientists have sequenced the house fly genome for the first time, revealing robust immune genes, as one might expect from an insect that thrives in pathogen-rich dung piles and garbage heaps.

The research, published Oct. 14 in the journal Genome Biology, will increase understanding of house fly genetics and biology and of how flies quickly adapt to resist insecticides, which could lead to novel control methods.

Adult house flies (Musca domestica) carry and transmit more than 100 human and animal diseases, including salmonellosis, anthrax, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera and diarrhea as well as parasites such as pinworms, roundworms, hookworms and tapeworms. House fly larvae are important animal waste decomposers and live in close contact with many animal pathogens.

"Anything that comes out of an animal, such as bacteria and viruses, house flies can take from that waste and deposit on your sandwich," said Jeff Scott, the paper's lead author and a Cornell University professor of entomology. "House flies are the movers of any disgusting pathogenic microorganism you can think of," Scott added.

The genome, roughly twice the size of the fruit fly's genome, revealed an expanded number of immune response and defense genes. The researchers also discovered an expansion in the number of cytochrome P450s, which help the flies metabolize environmental toxins. "House flies have a lot more of these enzymes than would be expected based on other insects they are related to," said Scott, noting that the house fly's close relative, Glossina morsitans (tsetse fly), has half as many cytochrome P450s. These enzymes are more ancient than insecticides. "We don't have a clear handle on why house flies need so many," Scott said.

The M. domestica genome also revealed many genes for chemoreceptors, which detect certain chemical stimuli in the environment. These receptors are important in sensing food and moving in ways critical for survival, allowing house flies to detect a wide variety of different things, Scott said.

"If you think of the genome like a phone book, we now have the phone number of every gene," said Scott. "We now can study every gene. For any scientific question, we have a highway to get us there."

See more here:
House fly genome reveals expanded immune system

It's an almost unavoidable pest, but scientists are now saying the common house fly could hold the key to developing vaccines for a number of human diseases, including typhoid, tuberculosis and cholera.

Researchers at Cornell University sequenced the genomes of six female house flies, or Musca domestica, comparing them to those of the common fruit fly, or Drosophila melanogaster, which can carry bacteria but generally aren't associated with spreading human diseases.

The study, published in scientific journal Genome Biology, highlights detoxification and immune system genes apparently unique to the house fly.

Scientists believe further study could identify how those genes allow flies to break down waste and resist diseases that carry enormous consequences for humans.

"House flies are a fascinating insect for scientists in many areas, such as developmental biology, sex determination, immunity, toxicology and physiology," says lead author of the study, Dr Jeff Scott of Cornell University.

"The completed genome will be a phenomenal tool for researchers in all of these fields and will facilitate rapid advancements.

House flies carry more than 100 human diseases, as well as parasites such as worms and E. coli. Millions of children are infected with trachoma every year thanks to house flies, which have "shown a remarkable ability to rapidly evolve resistance", says Dr Scott.

This rapid evolution has given the house fly a much larger genome than its fruity cousin 691mb compared to 123mb. In comparison, the human genome is about 3000mb.

"The fly had many more immune genes, and that these were of a higher diversity than in the Drosophila genome. Understanding how this fly is immune to the human diseases it carries could help scientists to create treatments or vaccines for these diseases."

More than 90 percent of all flies that live around humans are Musca domestica, which are believed to owe their evolutionary success to their close proximity with humans.

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Fly genome aids in hunt for vaccines