Daily Archives: October 15, 2014

The explosive beauty of a dying star

Posted: October 15, 2014 at 9:53 am

A beautiful image captured by the Hubble telescope shows in glorious detail the contours of the Butterfly Nebula.

NASA/ESA/Hubble SM4 ERO Team

There's an ancient belief that, just before it dies, the mute swan bursts into beautiful song, going out in a blaze of glory. While stars don't exactly make audible sounds, their death throes can be a spectacular thing.

Take this image of the Butterfly, or Bug, Nebula, NG 6302, located 3,800 light years away in the constellation of Scorpius, originally captured by the Hubble space telescope in 2009. It is a type of nebula called a bipolar nebula, for its shape: two wings that that spread out from a central core -- a dying star.

As a star enters the final stages of its life, finally running out of nuclear fuel, it sheds its outer layers into space, forming a cloud of matter around the star, which becomes very dense, very hot and very bright -- a white dwarf. This lights up the surrounding nebula in all its glory.

The white dwarf at the centre of NG 6302 is one of the hottest stars in the Milky Way galaxy, burning at around 222,000 degrees Celsius (400,000 degrees Fahrenheit), indicating that it was once massive -- five times the mass of our Sun.

This star shed its layers over a period of about 2,200 years, and has a "wingspan" of over three light years. Wrapped around the star, you can see a torus -- a donut-shape -- of dust, obscuring it, and cinching the "waist" of the hourglass. This ring of dust constricts the outward expansion of the nebula, giving it its shape.

The colours and shapes in the nebula's wings reveal its complex history. As it evolved into a red giant, with a diameter 1,000 times that of the Sun, the star started shedding its outer layers. At its equator, matter was ejected at a relatively low speed of around 32,000 kph (20,000 mph), while matter from the stars poles was ejected at a much higher speed; this formed the original dust torus and wings of the nebula.

As the star started to turn into a white dwarf, heating up drastically, the stellar wind blasted particles at a speed of around 3.2 million kph (2 million mph), further altering the shape and composition of the wings.

The red regions in the image indicate the presence of nitrogen, the coolest gas visible in the image. White regions indicate light emitted by sulphur, where the fast-moving gas and particles from later in the star's death cycle overtook and collided with the slower-moving gas, producing shockwaves. Hydrogen is visible in brown, helium in blue and oxygen in cyan and purple.

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The explosive beauty of a dying star

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NATO Exercise in Poland Tests Interoperability – Video

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NATO Exercise in Poland Tests Interoperability
NATO Exercise Tests Interoperability -- Video by Sgt. Adam Ross | DoD News | Date: 10.07.2014 -- Exercise Anaconda 2014 is largest exercise to take place in ...

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NATO Exercise in Poland Tests Interoperability - Video

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NATO Reassures Baltics Over Russia Threat: Military alliance can deploy troops in 48 hours – Video

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NATO Reassures Baltics Over Russia Threat: Military alliance can deploy troops in 48 hours
A spokesman for NATO has told the Latvian Information Agency that the military alliance could deploy troops to the Baltic states within 48 hours in the event...

By: UKRAINE TODAY

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NATO Reassures Baltics Over Russia Threat: Military alliance can deploy troops in 48 hours - Video

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NATO Support for Poland and Baltics: Alliance vows to protect East European members against Russi – Video

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NATO Support for Poland and Baltics: Alliance vows to protect East European members against Russi
NATO #39;s new secretary-general pledged support for its eastern allies during his first foreign visit to Poland. Speaking in Warsaw, Jens Stoltenberg tried to r...

By: Otis Mullins

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NATO Support for Poland and Baltics: Alliance vows to protect East European members against Russi - Video

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ARMA 3 2nd Battalion 53rd Air Infantry NATO-COOP Trailer – Video

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ARMA 3 2nd Battalion 53rd Air Infantry NATO-COOP Trailer
This is a trailer i made for 2nd Battalion 53rd Air Infantry NATO-COOP realism unit. Heres some info about them: ARMA 3 2nd Battalion 53rd Air Infantry NATO-COOP. We are primarily an air...

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ARMA 3 2nd Battalion 53rd Air Infantry NATO-COOP Trailer - Video

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The real Rambo – Video

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The real Rambo
Known only as Rambo, an Afghan gate guard at Camp Phoenix in Kabul gained notoriety when he prevented, with his bare hands, a potentially devastating suicide attack on the base he was...

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Ulrich Ulfkotte tells the truth about Germany and NATO politics – Video

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Ulrich Ulfkotte tells the truth about Germany and NATO politics
THANKS TO MIQUEL PUERTAS TO SHARE THIS VIDEO--- Germany is a banana republic, USA is pushing the EU to a war against Russia (please share)/// Better in prison for telling the truth than ...

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Ulrich Ulfkotte tells the truth about Germany and NATO politics - Video

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This Windows Bug Was Used To Spy On NATO, Ukraine – Video

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This Windows Bug Was Used To Spy On NATO, Ukraine
Cyber intelligence firm iSight Partners has identified a bug in Microsoft Windows that Russian hackers have exploited to target Western governments. Follow Elizabeth Hagedorn: http://www.twitter.c...

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This Windows Bug Was Used To Spy On NATO, Ukraine - Video

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Turkey’s border threat and NATO’s role – Video

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Turkey #39;s border threat and NATO #39;s role
With the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) only kilometres from its border, Turkey #39;s security challenges are evolving. What role can NATO play to help secure its southern-eastern Ally?

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Could Putin's Russia push neutral Finland into NATO's arms?

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Helsinki, Finland Seven months ago, when Russia seized and annexed the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine, Finns seemed relatively unconcerned. The world's northernmost country shares some 800 miles of border with its huge neighbor, but just a quarter of Finns said they felt threatened by Moscow. And a similar number told pollsters their country should consider joining NATO in interest of self-defense.

Since then, Russia's behavior has become more provocative, and not just in eastern Ukraine. During one week in August, Russian military aircraft conducted three unauthorized overflightsof Finnish airspace. The Finnish public reacted accordingly. A poll last month by Finnish daily Aamulehti showed that 43 percent of those polled perceived Russia as a danger, an increase of nearly 20 percent from March.

But support for Finland joining NATO remained almost unchanged: a mere two percent higher, the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation (YLE) found. Why hasnt Finnish wariness translated into stronger support for NATO membership? And what, if anything, would persuade Finns to join the defense pact?

Defense Minister Carl Haglund says that the foundation for the Finnish publics aversion to NATO membership stems from its complicated, and oft-misunderstood relationship with Russia. This [reluctance] goes back to [our] history, he says, especially the end of the Second World War and the cold war.

Put it this way," says Pekka Ervasti, political editor of YLE. "Finnish neutrality dies hard.

The 1948 treaty which Finland signed with the USSR which defeated Finland in two wars during World War II codified its enforced rapprochement with the Kremlin. Finland agreed not to join or assist NATO, which was established the following year. The treaty laid the basis for the peaceable and mutually beneficial relationship between Finland and the USSR which followed, along with half a century of Finnish military non-alignment. Active neutrality, Helsinki called it.

Critics had another term for it: Finlandization the process by which a democracy such as Finland avoided provoking Moscow, in return for independence and trading privileges. It's a policy that served Finns well for decades, and many are reluctant toabandon it.

A dose ofanti-Americanism is also at play, adds Ervasti. People feel that NATO is run by Americans and they fear that the US will drag us into foreign wars, like Iraq. Others worry that nuclear weapons will be stationed here.

Then there's the bottom line for business.Im not sure whether joining NATO is such a great idea in the long run, says Ami Hasan, head of Hasan & Partners, a leading Helsinki ad agency. Russia with its 150 million people is a huge potential trading partner for Finland and we have 1,300 kilometers of shared border. I doubt that Russia would be thrilled to share it with NATO.

Despite the generally warm relationship between the two countries in recent years, Russian officials have explicitly warned Finland against joining NATO. In June 2012, Russian Chief of Staff Nikolai Makarov, sounding much like the Soviet bear of yore, said that cooperation between NATO and Finland, which joined NATOs Partnership for Peace affiliate program in 1994, threatened Russias security.

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