Daily Archives: September 4, 2014

Coffee genome sheds light on evolution of caffeine

Posted: September 4, 2014 at 2:43 pm

The newly sequenced genome of the coffee plant reveals secrets about the evolution of mans best chemical friend: caffeine.

The scientists who completed the project say the sequences and positions of genes in the coffee plant show that they evolved independently from genes with similar functions in tea and chocolate, which also make caffeine.

In other words, coffee did not inherit caffeine-linked genes from a common ancestor, but instead developed the genes on its own.

The findings will appear on Sept. 5 in the journal Science.

Why coffee?

With more than 2.25 billion cups consumed daily worldwide, coffee is the principal agricultural product of many tropical countries. According to estimates by the International Coffee Organization, more than 8.7 million tons of coffee were produced in 2013, revenue from exports amounted to $15.4 billion in 2009-2010, and the sector employed nearly 26 million people in 52 countries during 2010.

Coffee is as important to everyday early risers as it is to the global economy. Accordingly, a genome sequence could be a significant step toward improving coffee, says Philippe Lashermes, a researcher at the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD). By looking at the coffee genome and genes specific to coffee, we were able to draw some conclusions about what makes coffee special.

Lashermes, along with Patrick Wincker and France Denoeud, genome scientists at the French National Sequencing Center (CEA-Genoscope), and Victor Albert, UB professor of biological sciences, are the principal authors of the study.

Scientists from other organizations, particularly the Agricultural Research Center for International Development in France, also contributed, along with researchers from public and private organizations in the U.S., France, Italy, Canada, Germany, China, Spain, Indonesia, Brazil, Australia and India.

The team created a high-quality draft of the genome of Coffea canephora, which accounts for about 30 percent of the worlds coffee production, according to the Manhattan-based National Coffee Association.

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Eczema Healed ~ Miracles of ShivYog Healing – Video

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Natural Skin Care Line Goes Even Greener With New Biodegradable, 3D-Printed Jar

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LAWRENCEVILLE, Ga., Sept. 4, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- When Anita Redd began selling her homemade natural skin balm three years ago, she had little idea how many people she would touch with her life-altering eczema and skin care moisturizer. Now, she's broadening her impact to reach a global environmental scale, introducing a revolutionary new biodegradable, 3-D printed container.

Until she began selling the balm in 2011, Anita's Balm was something she shared only with family and friends when they approached her about recommendations for solutions to skin issues.

But after she made the decision to go into business to help make her product available on a wider scale, it took only weeks for the results to start pouring in. Musicians were able to play again after years battling skin ailments. Moms, turning to Anita's Balm desperate to relieve their children's diaper rashes, never looked back.

Anita's Balm began as an innovative solution to a troubling problem. Her son, Kevin, was born with eczema, a painful and itchy condition that causes rough and inflamed patches on the skin. Redd can remember holding her newborn son the moment he was born, and immediately realizing he was suffering from flaky and blistered patches on his body. Doctors wanted to put him on creams and steroids, medications that also held high risks for side effects such as stunted growth, infections and hypertension.

"It's unfathomable to have to live with the side effects for decades," said Redd. "Perhaps it's different when you get it as an adult, but he would have to live with those for all of those years. That was just unacceptable."

After trying a number of remedies, including drugstore medicines and natural health products, her son's condition hadn't improved. Accordingly, she opted to take matters into her own hands. Knowing that olive oil provided some relief, she combined it with beeswax. Surprisingly, that solidified version of the product would also go on to be a lifesaver for others from all over the country that also suffer from serious skin ailments.

Redd's son, now 16 years old, no longer has any need for any treatment remedies other than Anita's Balm. And, he's not alone. Chronic eczema suffers, psoriasis patients and others dealing with the trauma of serious skin conditions are constantly singing Redd's praises, with results apparent in segments on NBC 41 News Macon, NBC 9 Columbus, CBS in Charleston, ABC in Albany and FOX 5 News Atlanta. Thirteen hundred stores nationwide now carry Anita's Balm, including Smith Drug, Fleet Feet Sports, and numerous specialty stores. Today, her offerings have grown to include the 4-oz. jar, lip balm, eye balm, hair balm and a 2.2 oz. roll up that even children can use easily and safely.

However, with climbing sales and the discontinuation of the bottles Redd was using to package her products, she found herself looking to alternative methods for packaging. So, she opted to go back to the same creative strategy that she relied on to concoct Anita's Balm: the do-it-yourself method. In doing so, she learned about the possibilities of 3-D printing, which would allow her to customize the bottle design as she pleased, while also using biodegradable materials that decompose much more quickly than traditional plastic.

"I have no chemical background, but I was going to figure it out," she said. Her persistence paid off, leading to a beautifully designed 1-oz biodegradable roll up container. Her diligence in finding an eco-friendly solution speaks specifically to Redd's mission of natural health in parenting and all other aspects of her life and has led to an extremely positive reaction from her clients. The first batch of 150 1-oz bottles sold out within weeks.

Her goal with the new container is not only to have more control of the packaging process, but ties in with her commitment to sustainability. Biodegradable packaging helps eliminate the amounts of plastics and gasses that manufacturers put into the environment, making a safer world for all of us.

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Dermfix 1000MX UV-B Lamp for Psoriasis, Vitiligo or – Video

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Ma$e – Politically Incorrect (new 2013) – Video

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Politically Incorrect MASE – Video

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Unnecessary Censorship – REGULAR SHOW (Free Cake) – Video

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LinkedIn Abides By Chinese Censorship Laws — But Is It Consistent?

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When Bill Bishop, who edits the popular China-focused newsletter Sinocism, attempted to link to its July 9 edition on LinkedIn (LNKD), the Mountain View, California, company censored out a link to a Washington Post article about the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre. Bishop received the following explanation:

We recognized when we launched a localized version of LinkedIn in China, we would need to adhere to the requirements of the Chinese government in order to operate in China. We also aim to be transparent about our actions and their impact on our members, hence the prior notification of your content being blocked, LinkedIn said.

The content that Bishop posted falls within LinkedINs adherence to Chinas censorship laws. But there was just one problem. Bishop posted the link from a U.S. IP address, as he was traveling in Maryland at the time.

LinkedIns censorship policy in China, a market that the career networking website sees as integral to its global growth strategy, has attracted significant controversy since the company launched a Chinese-language version of its site this February. Unlike fellow social networks like Facebook (FB) and Twitter (TWTR), which are firewalled in China because they refuse to comply with Chinese censorship demands, LinkedIn eliminates sensitive articles from its website in order to remain accessible in the country. Under the current regulations, LinkedIn users anywhere in the world -- not just in China -- cannot view stories that violate that countrys censorship laws.

It is this stipulation that has drawn so much criticism -- and has led LinkedIn to publicly consider a reversal. But if Bishops experience is any indication, the companys policies appear to be even more restrictive than advertised: LinkedIn censored an article written by a US citizen from an American IP address to users around the world. In the explanation for why it blocked Bishops July 9 newsletter: However, we only block content globally if it is posted from China IP addresses. We have decided to do so in this situation to protect the safety of our members in China.

When reached about Bishops case, Hani Durzy, LinkedIns director of communication, confirmed that the company has occasionally blocked Sinocism within China, but did not explain why Bishops link to the Washington Post story triggered the global blockage.

What accounts for this discrepancy? Bishop isnt certain. In a series of follow-up Tweets, he speculated that LinkedIN hasnt perfected its censorship practices.

From the beginning of its relationship with China, where the company boasts a user base of five million, LinkedIn has defended its cooperation with the Communist Party. In a post to announce the creation of the Chinese-language site in February, CEO Jeff Weiner wrote:

We believe that individuals in the United States, China, and beyond will benefit substantially from Chinese professionals connecting with each other and LinkedIn members in other parts of the world.

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LinkedIn rethinks support of China's censorship

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LinkedIn is thinking twice about its adoption of China's aggressive censorship. Photo: Reuters

Beijing: After complaints and clear examples of bowing to Chinese censorship diktats, LinkedIn says it may have acted too hastily in friending China's government.

LinkedIn executives said they were reconsidering their policies, after seven months of censoring content from China deemed too sensitive.

"We do want to get this right, and we are strongly considering changing our policy so that content from our Chinese members that is not allowed in China will still be viewed globally," Hani Durzy, a spokesman for the California-based companysaid.

The professional social networking site is the latest to wrestle with the moral quandaries that come with doing business in China amid the government's paranoia about the internet. Facebook, Twitter and Google are largely blocked here.

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LinkedIn, however, thought it could make it work. In February, the company launched its Chinese-language website and set up operations in China. In return, it promised to follow Chinese government rules and started self-censoring content.

But Mr Durzy insisted back then that the company would do so only when "legally required."

Then, in June, came the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown. The anniversary, a perennial headache for web users in China, is marked by a clampdown on search terms, internet speeds and intense government scrutiny.

LinkedIn users reported posts about Tiananmen being blocked even in Hong Kong, which lies outsides China's censorship firewall. LinkedIn said at the time that it was an accident. And it said that although such content was self-censored in China, it would remain "accessible elsewhere in the world".

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LinkedIn hit by censorship in China

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LinkedIns dilemma in China underscores the difficulty of doing business in a country with stringent censorship rules where few other US technology companies have succeeded. Photograph: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

LinkedIn expanded into China this year, adopting policies in line with the countrys censorship rules. Now the worlds largest professional social-networking company is saying it may have gone too far.

When a LinkedIn user in China shares a post deemed to be in conflict with the governments rules, the company blocks the content not only in China but around the world.

LinkedIns goal is to protect members against how their content might be shared and noticed by the government, but the practice may end up stifling Chinese users seeking to spread messages outside their country.

We do want to get this right, and we are strongly considering changing our policy so that content from our Chinese members that is not allowed in China will still be viewed globally, said Hani Durzy, a spokesman for California-based LinkedIn.

The companys dilemma underscores the difficulty of doing business in a country with stringent censorship rules where few other US technology companies have succeeded.

Twitter and Facebook social-networking services are blocked in China, though Facebook is slowly expanding its advertising business there after signing a lease in central Beijing. Every company wanting to operate in China has to look within themselves and ask how do you serve your users ideally, whether thats by staying in China and operating by the rules or leaving the country, said Jason Ng, a New York-based author of Blocked on Weibo, a book on Chinese social media.

-(Bloomberg)

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