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Daily Archives: September 3, 2014
DNA Evidence Key to Both Freedom and Prison in Decades-Old Murder Cases
Posted: September 3, 2014 at 2:43 pm
The power of DNA evidence was on display this week in courtrooms on opposite sides of the country, where the fates of three defendants tied to grisly crimes committed decades ago took remarkable turns.
A Los Angeles County jury on Tuesday found a 74-year-old, wheelchair-bound drifter and suspected serial killer guilty of strangling three women to death in the 1980s after DNA evidence led to a break in the cold-case murders.
Reports Reuters:
A Los Angeles County Superior Court jury deliberated just two hours before finding Samuel Little, 74, guilty of first-degree murder in the deaths of all three women, who prosecutors described as having been made easy targets by their involvement in drugs and prostitution.
Prosecutors said Little was tied by DNA matches to the July 1987 murder of Carol Alford, 41, as well as to the August and September 1989 slayings of Audrey Nelson, 35, and Guadalupe Apodaca, 46.
All three were beaten and then strangled to death, and Deputy District Attorney Beth Silverman said Little was a suspect in several similar murders in Florida and elsewhere during the same period of time.
Mr. Little, who was acquitted by a jury of a Florida slaying three decades ago, was connected to the L.A. killings after DNA evidence found at the crime scenes was matched with his DNA profile, obtained from an unrelated drug arrest in Kentucky in 2012, according to Reuters.
A prosecutor at the trial said Mr. Little could be responsible for at least 40 killings since 1980, according to AP, which reported that authorities in California, Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, Mississippi and Ohio are investigating possible links.
DNA evidence, meanwhile, proved to be the key to freedom for two prison inmates In North Carolina.
On Tuesday, a North Carolina judge threw out the convictions of half-brothers Henry McCollum and Leon Brown, who had spent more than 30 years behind bars for the gang-rape and murder of an 11-year-old girl.
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DNA Evidence Key to Both Freedom and Prison in Decades-Old Murder Cases
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DNA frees death-row inmate and his half-brother after 30 years in prison
Posted: at 2:43 pm
Jonathan Drew, The Associated Press Published Wednesday, September 3, 2014 9:57AM EDT Last Updated Wednesday, September 3, 2014 10:46AM EDT
LUMBERTON, N.C. -- New DNA evidence has freed a death-row inmate and his half-brother after they spent three decades in prison for rape and murder.
A judge overturned the convictions of Henry McCollum, 50, and Leon Brown, 46, after another man's DNA was discovered on a cigarette butt left near the body of a girl the siblings were convicted of killing in 1983. Tuesday's ruling is the latest twist in a notorious legal case that began with what defence attorneys said were coerced confessions from two scared teenagers with low IQs. McCollum was 19 at the time and Brown was 15.
Superior Court Judge Douglas Sasser said the new DNA results contradicted the case prosecutors put forward.
He said he was vacating their convictions and ordering their release "based on significant new evidence that they are, in fact, innocent."
The DNA from the cigarette butts doesn't match Brown or McCollum, and fingerprints taken from a beer can at the scene aren't theirs either, attorneys say. No physical evidence connects them to the crime.
Both were initially given death sentences, which were overturned. At a second trial, McCollum was again sent to death row, while Brown was convicted of rape and sentenced to life.
Family members of the men gasped and some sobbed as the judge announced his decision to the packed courtroom. Brown smiled and shook a defence lawyer's hand and McCollum looked spent and relieved
"We waited years and years," said James McCollum, Henry McCollum's father. "We kept the faith."
Defence lawyers petitioned for their release after a recent analysis from the butt pointed to another man who lived near the soybean field where Sabrina Buie's body was found in Robeson County. That man is already serving a life sentence for a similar rape and murder that happened less than a month later.
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DNA frees death-row inmate and his half-brother after 30 years in prison
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DNA clears death-row inmate and his half-brother after 30 years in prison
Posted: at 2:43 pm
Jonathan Drew, The Associated Press Published Wednesday, September 3, 2014 10:43AM EDT
LUMBERTON, N.C. -- New DNA evidence has freed a death-row inmate and his half-brother after they spent three decades in prison for rape and murder.
A judge overturned the convictions of Henry McCollum, 50, and Leon Brown, 46, after another man's DNA was discovered on a cigarette butt left near the body of a girl the siblings were convicted of killing in 1983. Tuesday's ruling is the latest twist in a notorious legal case that began with what defence attorneys said were coerced confessions from two scared teenagers with low IQs. McCollum was 19 at the time and Brown was 15.
Superior Court Judge Douglas Sasser said the new DNA results contradicted the case prosecutors put forward.
He said he was vacating their convictions and ordering their release "based on significant new evidence that they are, in fact, innocent."
The DNA from the cigarette butts doesn't match Brown or McCollum, and fingerprints taken from a beer can at the scene aren't theirs either, attorneys say. No physical evidence connects them to the crime.
Both were initially given death sentences, which were overturned. At a second trial, McCollum was again sent to death row, while Brown was convicted of rape and sentenced to life.
Family members of the men gasped and some sobbed as the judge announced his decision to the packed courtroom. Brown smiled and shook a defence lawyer's hand and McCollum looked spent and relieved
"We waited years and years," said James McCollum, Henry McCollum's father. "We kept the faith."
Defence lawyers petitioned for their release after a recent analysis from the butt pointed to another man who lived near the soybean field where Sabrina Buie's body was found in Robeson County. That man is already serving a life sentence for a similar rape and murder that happened less than a month later.
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DNA clears death-row inmate and his half-brother after 30 years in prison
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DNA frees 2 US men jailed for '83 rape, murder
Posted: at 2:43 pm
New DNA evidence has freed a death-row inmate after he spent three decades in prison for rape and murder. His half-brother was expected to be freed later on Wednesday.
Henry Lee McCollum spoke briefly to reporters before getting into the passenger seat of his fathers car, where a reporter had to show him how to buckle the seat belt. He had never used a seat belt of that design.
Mr. McCollum said he hoped to go home and take a bath. There will be changes to which hell need to adjust particularly the Internet and cellphones, he said.
A judge overturned their convictions after another mans DNA was discovered on a cigarette butt left near the girls body. Tuesdays ruling is the latest twist in a notorious legal case that began with what defence attorneys said were coerced confessions from two scared teenagers with low IQs. Mr. McCollum was 19 at the time and Leon Brown was 15.
Superior Court Judge Douglas Sasser said the new DNA results contradicted the case prosecutors put forward.
The DNA from the cigarette butts doesnt match Mr. Brown or Mr. McCollum, and fingerprints taken from a beer can at the scene arent theirs either, attorneys say. No physical evidence connects them to the crime.
Both were initially given death sentences, which were overturned. At a second trial, Mr. McCollum was again sent to death row, while Mr. Brown was convicted of rape and sentenced to life.
Family members of the men gasped and some sobbed as the judge announced his decision to the packed courtroom. Mr. Brown smiled and shook a defence lawyers hand and Mr. McCollum looked spent and relieved
We waited years and years, said James McCollum, Henry McCollums father. We kept the faith.
Defence lawyers petitioned for their release after a recent analysis from the butt pointed to another man who lived near the soybean field where Sabrina Buies body was found in Robeson County. That man is already serving a life sentence for a similar rape and murder that happened less than a month later.
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DNA frees 2 US men jailed for '83 rape, murder
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Full of Excuses ~ Strong ~ The Human Genome – Video
Posted: at 2:43 pm
Full of Excuses ~ Strong ~ The Human Genome
http://www.fullofexcuses.ca.
By: FOETVROCKS
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Full of Excuses ~ Strong ~ The Human Genome - Video
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New sequence of naked mole rat genome facilitates cancer resistance research
Posted: at 2:43 pm
8 hours ago by Hayley London
Director of Science at The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) Federica Di Palma co-authors new genetic study on the naked mole rat's resistance to cancer, identifying key genomic variations that may have contributed to the evolution of this extraordinary species.
The naked mole rat is an exceptionally long-lived and cancer-resistant rodent native to East Africa. The new study presents a higher-quality assembly of the rodent's genetic structure to previous sequences of the species genome, enabling the research community to benefit from this key data.
The study, led by international scientists from TGAC, University of Liverpool, Broad Institute, Uppsala University and Harvard Medical School, re-analysed the naked mole rat genome using the improved assembly that revealed further candidate genes of potential relevance to adaptive changes in the context of aging and cancer.
With a life span of over thirty years, not only is the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) the longest-lived rodent, but it is also extremely resistant to neoplasia (tumours), and therefore is an ideal model for research on longevity, cancer and disease resistance.
Senior author from the University of Liverpool's Institute of Integrative Biology, Dr Joao Pedro De Magalhaes, said: "The new study provides a fundamental resource for research on the naked mole rat and its many evolutionary adaptations, including longevity and resistance to diseases, as well as other traits (metabolic regulation, development, pain, and behaviour). We predict that studying a species so long-lived (particularly given its small body size) and with such an astonishing resistance to neoplasia, will help elucidate mechanisms and genes conferring longevity and cancer resistance in mammals that may have human applications."
To help facilitate and encourage further research into this fascinating species, the team of scientists have developed a freely-available online portal, the Naked Mole-Rat Genome Resource (www.naked-mole-rat.org), featuring the new genome sequence and the data results of their analysis.
Federica Di Palma, co-author and Director of Science at TGAC, said: "A high-quality, annotated naked mole rat genome is essential for the research community to develop the sophisticated molecular biology tools necessary to study these amazing animals. By creating a genome resource for the naked mole rat with an advanced genome assembly, we aim to facilitate studies into this fascinating animal and help establish the naked mole rat as the first long-lived model for bioscience research underpinning health."
Explore further: Hope for healthy hearts revealed in naked mole rat studies
More information: Michael Keane, Thomas Craig, Jessica Alfldi, Aaron M. Berlin, Jeremy Johnson, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, Federica Di Palma, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, George M. Church, and Joo Pedro de Magalhes. "The Naked Mole Rat Genome Resource: facilitating analyses of cancer and longevity-related adaptations." Bioinformatics first published online August 28, 2014 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu579
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New sequence of naked mole rat genome facilitates cancer resistance research
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Gene variant found that may help people live to be 100
Posted: at 2:43 pm
Hold the butter! The genetic secrets of centenarians are starting to be unravelled and they hint that low cholesterol plays a role in their unusual longevity.
"This is one of the first studies to detect rare genotypes in these exceptional individuals," says Joo Pedro de Magalhes of the University of Liverpool, UK, who was not involved in the research.
It is thought that genetics accounts for up to 30 per cent of the variability in human lifespan. But so far just two genes have been linked to longevity, and neither has a large influence creating a genetic puzzle sometimes called "missing heritability".
Suspicion has been growing that rare mutations are behind longevity. But these get missed by standard genetic studies, which sequence small snippets of DNA for known variants rather than scouring the full genome to find unknown ones.
To look for unknown rare mutations, Timothy Cash of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre in Madrid and his colleagues sequenced the entire exome the protein-coding part of DNA of three Spanish centenarians and four of their long-lived siblings. These were compared with the exomes of 800 people, many of whom could be assumed to have average lifespans, as only one in 5000 people live to 100.
One gene apolipoprotein B had rare mutations in all three long-lived families that were less common in the 800 controls. The protein made by this gene helps carry "bad cholesterol" in the blood, high levels of which lead to heart attacks. It is possible that the mutations reduce levels of this bad cholesterol.
The team is now investigating whether the centenarians' cholesterol levels bear out this theory. If they do, "this would definitely reinforce the idea that cardiovascular health is an important factor in overall ageing", says Cash.
Intriguingly, previous work has shown that another gene for which there is strong evidence for a role in human lifespan is apolipoprotein E, which also helps transport cholesterol. However, the beneficial variants of this gene also reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, which is usually thought to be the main reason behind their effects on longevity.
Another gene that has recently been implicated in longevity is FOXO3A, which may affect people's sensitivity to insulin.
Journal reference: Aging Cell, doi.org/vfv
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Biodiversity in the balance
Posted: at 2:43 pm
43 minutes ago
A new study calls into question the evolutionary stability of an ecological explanation of biodiversity.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, brings together evolutionary theory and ecology to explore one of the big questions in ecology: How is biodiversity developed and maintained?
"This is a fundamental question if we want to protect biodiversitywhat exactly do we need to protect?" says IIASA Evolution and Ecology Program Director Ulf Dieckmann, who led the study together with Florian Hartig from the University of Freiburg, collaborating with colleagues from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig and the French National Center for Scientific Research in Grenoble.
In Biology 101, students learn that two species cannot occupy the same niche, and that the world's biodiversity is thus closely related to the number of niches that exist. But in fact, in the real world this is often not trueit appears that organisms can and do occupy the same niche, meaning that they feed on the same resource, in the same place, at the same time.
"For example," says Dieckmann, "herring and sprat in the Baltic Sea occupy very similar ecological niches, feeding on the same kinds of plankton. How such species can robustly co-exist is a key question for modern ecology."
One theory, known as Relative Nonlinearity of Competition (RNC), suggests that such species can co-exist because they react differently to fluctuations in resources or other limiting factorssuch as algal blooms for fish, or rainfall variations for mosquitoescausing changes in the environment that temporarily benefit the other species. This leads to a dynamic relationship in which each species temporarily benefits from the other's influence on the environment, holding the two in balance.
"The idea has held up well in theory, but it's difficult to test in practice," says Dieckmann. So he and his colleagues decided to test RNC from another perspective, using three standard evolutionary models. "We wanted to find out what happens to the RNC mechanism when we allow the species to adapt."
Their results show that RNC is typically not stable if one considers evolution: in all three models, the species differences that supported their coexistence disappear through adaptation. This means that, evolutionarily, the two coexisting species are outcompeted and replaced by a single species. Dieckmann says, "We thus suggest that the potential of this mechanism for explaining the origin and maintenance of biodiversity might have been overestimated in the literature."
The scientists conclude that further research will be needed to understand what other mechanisms support biodiversity.
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Biodiversity in the balance
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100% Raw Shea Butter- Best Organic Skin Moisturizer For Acne, Dry Skin And Eczema – Video
Posted: at 2:43 pm
100% Raw Shea Butter- Best Organic Skin Moisturizer For Acne, Dry Skin And Eczema
http://bit.ly/1lvUyCZ Raw shea butter is the best organic skin moisturizer for most skin conditions including Acne, Eczema, Stretch marks, Dry skin, Psoraises, Rashes and Sunburn. This is simply...
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100% Raw Shea Butter- Best Organic Skin Moisturizer For Acne, Dry Skin And Eczema - Video
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Warning to take care when selecting feed
Posted: at 2:43 pm
Aug. 27, 2014, 5:14 p.m.
BUYING feed for cattle, sheep or goats? If you are then it is very important that you buy only feed that is specifically for your livestock species.
Smithton beef farmer Matthew Lester surrounded by the lush green hormone and antibiotic free grass feed to his cattle.
BUYING feed for cattle, sheep or goats?
If you are then it is very important that you buy only feed that is specifically for your livestock species.
It is an offence to give any of your ruminants feed that contains "Restricted Animal Material", known as RAM for short. RAM includes meat, meat and bone meal, fishmeal or other animal meals.
The ban on feeding RAM to ruminants is an important measure to prevent mad cow disease in cattle and scrapie in sheep.
If you buy pellets, other processed feed or grain for your livestock, check the bag to see if it contains RAM. If it does, it may be fed to pigs and poultry but not to cattle, sheep, goats or any other ruminant. The law requires that bags of livestock feed are clearly marked as to whether the feed contains RAM.
Facial eczema in cattle
DPIPWE has recently detected a high Pythomyces chartarum spore count on a northern Tasmanian property.
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Warning to take care when selecting feed
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