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Daily Archives: April 21, 2014
Malfunction in molecular 'proofreader' prevents repair of UV-induced DNA damage
Posted: April 21, 2014 at 5:43 pm
PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:
21-Apr-2014
Contact: Anita Srikameswaran srikamav@upmc.edu 412-578-9193 University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences
PITTSBURGH, April 21, 2014 Malfunctions in the molecular "proofreading" machinery, which repairs structural errors in DNA caused by ultraviolet (UV) light damage, help explain why people who have the disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are at an extremely high risk for developing skin cancer, according to researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI). Their findings will be published this week in the early online version of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Previous research has shown that a DNA-repair protein called human UV-damaged DNA-binding protein, or UV-DDB, signals for a repair when two UV-DDB molecules bind to the site of the problem, said senior investigator Bennett Van Houten, Ph.D., the Richard M. Cyert Professor of Molecular Oncology, Pitt School of Medicine, and co-leader of UPCI's Molecular and Cell Biology Program.
"Our new study shows UV-DDB makes stops along the DNA strand and transiently attaches to it, causing a proofreading change in the protein's conformation, or shape. If the DNA is damaged the protein stays, if the DNA is not damaged the protein leaves," Dr. Van Houten said. "When it comes to a spot that has been damaged by UV radiation, two molecules of UV-DDB converge and stay tightly bound to the site, essentially flagging it for the attention of repair machinery."
The researchers followed the trail of single molecules of UV-DDB by tagging them with light-emitting quantum dots, enabling them to watch the molecules jump from place to place in real time on both normal and UV-exposed DNA strands.
They also tracked a mutant UV-DDB protein associated with XP, an inherited, incurable disease of light sensitivity that affects about 1 in 250,000 people. They found that the mutant UV-DDB molecules are still capable of binding to DNA, but continued to slide along the DNA rather than staying put to signal where the fix was needed.
"Without this important damage control, UV-induced errors could accumulate to cause cell alterations that foster cancer development," Dr. Van Houten said. "Like a bus with no brakes, the XP-associated UV-DDB complex stays on the road and sees possible passengers, but keeps going past the stop."
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Malfunction in molecular 'proofreader' prevents repair of UV-induced DNA damage
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Crisostomo DNA matched Romero samples
Posted: at 5:43 pm
Tuesday, April 22, 2014
IT&E records corroborate testimony about Crisostomo using Kintaro cell phone
A Federal Bureau of Investigation forensic examiner in the nuclear DNA unit at the FBI Lab in Quantico, Virginia, testified yesterday that Joseph A. Crisostomos DNA matched the DNA obtained from swab samples taken from the vagina of murdered bartender Emerita R. Romero.
Testifying for the CNMI government in the ongoing jury trial of 40-year-old Crisostomo in Superior Court, FBI forensic examiner Susannah Kehl disclosed that she tested the sexual assault kit that the FBI Saipan Office sent to their laboratory and that she concluded the positive presence of semen in Romeros vagina.
James Calderwood, IT&E manager for network services, also took the witness stand yesterday about records of cell phone calls from the numbers of Romero and Alicia Kintaro.
Kintaro testified last week that Crisostomo borrowed her cell phone in the early morning of Feb. 5, 2012. IT&E records revealed that when Kintaros cell phone was used, the originating cell tower for the call was at Palms Resort in San Roque.
Palms Resort is located across the former La Fiesta Mall where Romeros body was found by FBI agents on Feb. 7, 2012.
In her testimony, FBI forensic examiner Kehl first explained about DNA and how to extract, test, and compare it.
Kehl said that in Romeros case, the FBI Saipan Office made two submissions to the FBI Labone from FBI special agent Joe Auther and then from FBI special agent Haejun Park.
Kehl said she did not detect blood on a metal door taken from La Fiesta Mall.
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Crisostomo DNA matched Romero samples
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Mind Brain Genome Microbiome – Sages and Scientists – Video
Posted: at 5:43 pm
Mind Brain Genome Microbiome - Sages and Scientists
Subscribe to The Chopra Well l to be updated on latest episodes (It #39;s free!): http://bit.ly/T2fz5K Find out more about our Sages and Scientists conference at...
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Mind Brain Genome Microbiome - Sages and Scientists - Video
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Genome structure of T4 phage – Video
Posted: at 5:43 pm
Genome structure of T4 phage
For more information, log on to- http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/ this bacteriophage lecture explains the genome structure of T4 bacteriophage. It also expla...
By: Suman Bhattacharjee
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Genome structure of T4 phage - Video
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Great Branding Is Invisible
Posted: at 5:43 pm
The devil is in the detail is a clich that happens to be true, but lets turn it around: The magic is in the detail. What constitutes quality in a product, besides the raw materials you choose? The attention paid to detail.
Look at a knock-off Gucci handbag and consider its original counterpart: The difference, besides the leather chosen, is in the stitching, the inside lining, the zippers, and so on. In short, quality resides in the hidden details that aren't obvious to most--until you touch the product and look at it up close. It's craftsmanship that gives luxury fashion brands longevity and which lets them weather trends.
Brands are no different from the products and services that they represent. Frantically searching for the one Unique Positioning Statement (UPS) or logo design that is going to simultaneously sum up precisely what your company stands for and differentiate it from the rest of the pack is in some ways a meaningless battle. Taglines may be catchy, but they don't, in the end, make people buy products. What determines whether a woman buys Chanel No. 5 or Issey Miyake's L'Eau d'Issey Florale? Not taglines but how either smells on her skin.
What makes you so special?
What makes your brand unique and better than the competition is the compounded totality of many little things. That means you cant just consider the attention given to producing an outstanding service or product--you also have to think about how the sales force and support team treats its customers and how the receptionist answers the phone.
The Jawbone UP24 fitness tracking device is a good example. After diligently tracking my sleep, workout regime, and diet, I became properly addicted to the wristband and to its accompanying iOS app. When the band suddenly stopped working, after three months, I flew into a minor panic. All my data (and exercise momentum) would be lost, I worried. But Jawbone turned out to have an excellent support system. They troubleshot the problem with me seamlessly, on email and over the phone. They used human beings, not robots. I followed the progress of my issue via a concise thread on their support ticketing system. After they quickly exhausted all possible solutions and saw that the device was still malfunctioning, they shipped me a replacement band immediately. I became loyal to the brand thanks to the humane and efficient treatment I received. The extra attention taken by Jawbone to make sure that their staff was professional and courteous--while making sure that I never got lost in a maze of telephone drones or automated emails--made a huge difference.
Keep the details invisible.
Its the combination of myriad details that shapes brand image in the minds of customers. These details may be transmitted subconsciously. Not everyone recognizes that hand stitching makes a serious difference. Expertly executed details, imperceptible to most, should create a sense of magic and wonder. Think of an upmarket German car, such as an Audi, BMW or Mercedes. When you are at the BMW showroom and you step into, say, a 5 Series model, the satisfyingly clean thumpf sound that the door makes as you shut it signifies quality. Theres no rattling, no sound of sheet metal being slammed, just that confidence-inspiring, compact sound. Its the sound of outside noise and discomfort being sealed off while you enter a safe, comfortable place. Behind the steering wheel are carefully wrought details, too: the smell, the way the seat feels, the feel of your hands on the steering wheel, the way the dashboard buttons have a certain resistance, and so on.
For those who remember, think about the perfect resistance and muted click of the Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator buttons, compared to their competitors Casio and Texas Instruments. The latter two companies clearly hadnt spent a lot of energy thinking about what it would feel like to press down the keys. And it made a difference.
Advertising and branding should be thought of in the same way. Yes, the big idea is important, but success hinges on its execution, consistency, and attention to each and every word. Do define the brand with succinct messaging, but also trust that consumers will recognize the collective positive attributes of the brand rather than just its tagline. Make sure your communications are well crafted and recognizable. All touch points need to be carefully considered, down to every HTML email campaign.
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Great Branding Is Invisible
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Will Your Eczema Nummular Skin Spread? 4 Quick Fixes to Stop That Happening Today – Video
Posted: at 5:42 pm
Will Your Eczema Nummular Skin Spread? 4 Quick Fixes to Stop That Happening Today
http://www.vanisheczema.net Eczema treatment is necessary for anyone prone to the condition. http://www.vanisheczema.net If you do not know, eczema is a resu...
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Will Your Eczema Nummular Skin Spread? 4 Quick Fixes to Stop That Happening Today - Video
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Natural Eczema Treatments – Video
Posted: at 5:42 pm
Natural Eczema Treatments
http://www.vanisheczema.net Eczema treatment is necessary for anyone prone to the condition. http://www.vanisheczema.net If you do not know, eczema is a resu...
By: CureForEczema
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Natural Eczema Treatments - Video
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How To Cure Eczema In Babies (The Final Piece Of Puzzle) – Video
Posted: at 5:42 pm
How To Cure Eczema In Babies (The Final Piece Of Puzzle)
http://www.eczemadietsolution.com/ecz...Cure baby eczema and help them to get through it comfortably. You can find out more by clicking on the website above ...
By: Home dan Family
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How To Cure Eczema In Babies (The Final Piece Of Puzzle) - Video
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Psoriasis Eczema Dry Skin Your Story #38 – Video
Posted: at 5:42 pm
Psoriasis Eczema Dry Skin Your Story #38
Your story is similar to my story I tell in this video.
By: Mike R.
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A gene within a gene contributes to the aggressiveness of acute myeloid leukemia
Posted: at 5:42 pm
PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:
21-Apr-2014
Contact: Darrell E. Ward Darrell.Ward@osumc.edu 614-293-3737 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
COLUMBUS, Ohio A small gene that is embedded in a larger, well-known gene is the true leukemia-promoting force usually attributed to the larger gene, according to a new study by researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC James).
The findings are published in the journal Science Signaling.
The larger host gene is called BAALC (pronounced "Ball C"). The smaller embedded gene is called microRNA-3151 (miR-3151). The study investigated the degree to which each of the genes contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
"We discovered that the smaller microRNA gene, and not the larger host gene, is the major oncogenic driver of the two molecules in AML," says principal investigator Albert de la Chapelle, MD, PhD, professor of Medicine and the Leonard J. Immke Jr. and Charlotte L. Immke Chair in Cancer Research.
"When both genes are highly expressed, it means a bad prognosis for patients, but our experiments indicate that it is high expression of miR-3151 that really matters. Overexpression of BAALC alone had only limited cancer-causing activity," he says.
The researchers discovered that miR-3151 promotes the development of leukemia by blocking a gene called TP53. Normally, TP53 is a central "tumor-suppressor" gene that protects against cancer by causing a cell with serious gene damage to self-destruct. "When miR-3151 blocks TP53 in the tumor cells, it enables the cells to survive, divide and grow faster," says co-senior author Clara D. Bloomfield, MD, Distinguished University Professor and Ohio State University Cancer Scholar.
"We also show that miR-3151 promotes growth in malignant melanoma cells in the same way, suggesting that the molecule might play a role in solid-tumor development," says Bloomfield, who is also senior adviser to the OSUCCC James and holds the William Greenville Pace III Endowed Chair in Cancer Research.
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A gene within a gene contributes to the aggressiveness of acute myeloid leukemia
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