Monthly Archives: March 2014

Adobe After Effects Intro Genome - Logo Ident
Genome - Logo Ident Dowloand Link:http://videohive.net/item/genome-logo-ident/7176548?WT.ac=category_thumb WT.seg_1=category_thumb WT.z_author=kainxtheory Li...

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Adobe After Effects Intro Genome - Logo Ident - Video

Dr Roy P Thomas talks about human genome
Playlist- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRUWHfiqj8TQ0Fq7ABWfYxnMZ6R4Yv1z7 Dr Roy P Thomas talks about human genome in this edition. USA Weekly News ...

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Dr Roy P Thomas talks about human genome - Video

Mining Genome Information for New Starting Points in Personalized Cancer Nanomedicine
Speaker: Prof. Dr. Jan Mollenhauer, NanoCAN, University of Southern Denmark (DK) "Clinical Nanomedicine Targeted Medicine", The European CLINAM ETPN Summ...

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Mining Genome Information for New Starting Points in Personalized Cancer Nanomedicine - Video

bio125, MSH2 locus investigated by UCSC genome browser
BIO125, molecular biology and genomics, Spring 2014, Spelman College 20140325135031.

By: Hong Qin

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bio125, MSH2 locus investigated by UCSC genome browser - Video

A group of scientists from Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UC Berkeley report the first mapping of genome methylation in the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster in their paper "Genome methylation in D. melanogaster is found at specific short motifs and is independent of DNMT2 activity," published this month in Genome Research.

This paper represents a major advance in the study of DNA methylation in insects. No previous study has succeeded in pinpointing the location of DNA methylation in the fly genome. The common opinion in the field was that the fly does not have genomic methylation. But Drs. Sachiko Takayama and Joseph Dhahbi, co-first authors who carried out the key work, and Drs. David Martin and Dario Boffelli, who led the project, found otherwise. The authors were able to detect genomic methylation in the fly by solving the main technical hurdle: fly methylation is relatively rare, and they developed a sensitive method that allowed them to detect it.

Why is this finding important? Methylation is a stable chemical modification of the genome; in humans and other vertebrates it participates in controlling when and where genes are on and off, but its functions in other organisms are not understood. The finding suggests that genome methylation may have a hitherto uncharacterized function. While the authors still do not know what genome methylation does in the fly, they were able to find that the DNA sequence patterns that associate with methylation are very different from the patterns seen in humans, or in other animal or plant species to date.

Drosophila is one of the classic model organisms, with very well established tools to study its biology. The researchers' description of methylation in the fly will facilitate the use of this powerful experimental system to study methylation. Drosophila has only one known enzyme that could establish DNA methylation, and the researchers show that this enzyme is not responsible for the methylation patterns they detected. The fly genome has been studied very deeply, but the finding suggests that a new enzyme lies undiscovered within it.

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The above story is based on materials provided by Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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First genome methylation mapping in fruit fly

A large international team of scientists has built the clearest picture yet of how human genes are regulated in the vast array of cell types in the body - work that should help researchers target genes linked to disease.

In two major studies published in the journal Nature, the consortium mapped how a network of switches, built into human DNA, controls where and when genes are turned on and off.

The three-year long project, called FANTOM5 and led by the RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies in Japan, involved more than 250 scientists across 20 countries and regions.

"Humans are complex multicellular organisms composed of at least 400 distinct cell types. This beautiful diversity of cell types allow us to see, think, hear, move and fight infection - yet all of this is encoded in the same genome," said Alistair Forrest, scientific coordinator of FANTOM5.

He explained that the difference between cell types comes down to which parts of the genome they use - for instance, brain cells use different genes than liver cells, and therefore work very differently.

"In FANTOM5, we have for the first time systematically investigated exactly what genes are used in virtually all cell types across the human body, and the regions which determine where the genes are read from the genome," he said.

The team studied the largest ever set of cell types and tissues from humans and mice so that they could identify the location of switches within the genome that turn individual genes on or off.

They also mapped where and when the switches are active in different cell types and how they interact with each other.

David Hume, director of the Roslin Institute at Britain's Edinburgh University and one of the lead researchers on the project, used the analogy of an airplane:

"We have made a leap in understanding the function of all of the parts. And we have gone well beyond that - to understanding how they are connected and control the structures that enable flight," he said.

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Scientists publish 'navigation maps' for human genome

Should whole-genome sequencing be used in the public-health programs that screen newborns for rare conditions?

That question is likely to stir debate in coming years in many of the more-than-60 countries that provide newborn screening, as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes increasingly affordable and reliable. Newborn screening programs -- which involve drawing a few drops of blood from a newborn's heel -- have been in place since the late 1960s, and are credited with having saved thousands of lives by identifying certain genetic, endocrine or metabolic disorders that can be treated effectively when caught early enough. Advocates of routine WGS for newborns argue that the new technology could help detect and manage a wider array of disorders.

But the possibility of making whole-genome sequencing part of routine screening programs for newborns raises ethical, legal and social issues that should be weighed carefully, according to researchers at McGill University's Department of Human Genetics in Montreal.

In an article published March 26 in the journal Science Translational Medicine, Prof. Bartha M. Knoppers and colleagues lay out key questions and considerations to be addressed. "Any change in newborn screening programs should be guided by what's in the best interests of the child," says Prof. Knoppers, who is Director of the Centre of Genomics and Policy at McGill. "We must also tread carefully in interpreting the scientific validity and clinical usefulness of WGS results."

The researchers outline the following considerations:

What information to report? Using WGS in newborn screening could generate vast amounts of information -- including incidental findings such as paternity information or reproductive risks. What's more, health-related information can include non-validated or poorly predictive results, or may involve adult-onset conditions. One possible solution: perform WGS but have a list of pediatric conditions to be communicated to parents; other results could be retrieved for later disclosure, when they gain scientific validity and clinical usefulness, or when they can be reported to the "mature" child directly.

Impact on health care systems. If WGS in newborn screening is implemented, public health care systems would have to be revamped to handle the massive amount of information generated. The added information could also lead to more false-positive results, imposing a big burden on families and on the resources of a health-care system.

Mandatory vs. voluntary. Most newborn screening programs currently are mandated by law or use presumed parental consent. Should parental consent be required for screening that doesn't stand to directly benefit the infant during childhood?

Educating health professionals and parents. Many doctors have little training in genetics, so health professionals and parents will need more education in genetics and genomics.

Communicating results over time. The validity of tests and the communication and understanding of results over time pose numerous challenges for doctors and families.

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Should whole-genome sequencing become part of newborn screening?

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

27-Mar-2014

Contact: Melinda Krigel mkrigel@mail.cho.org 510-428-3069 Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland

March 27, 2013, Oakland, CA A group of scientists from Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UC Berkeley report the first mapping of genome methylation in the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster in their paper "Genome methylation in D. melanogaster is found at specific short motifs and is independent of DNMT2 activity," published this month in Genome Research.

This paper represents a major advance in the study of DNA methylation in insects. No previous study has succeeded in pinpointing the location of DNA methylation in the fly genome. The common opinion in the field was that the fly does not have genomic methylation. But Drs. Sachiko Takayama and Joseph Dhahbi, co-first authors who carried out the key work, and Drs. David Martin and Dario Boffelli, who led the project, found otherwise. The authors were able to detect genomic methylation in the fly by solving the main technical hurdle: fly methylation is relatively rare, and they developed a sensitive method that allowed them to detect it.

Why is this finding important? Methylation is a stable chemical modification of the genome; in humans and other vertebrates it participates in controlling when and where genes are on and off, but its functions in other organisms are not understood. The finding suggests that genome methylation may have a hitherto uncharacterized function. While the authors still do not know what genome methylation does in the fly, they were able to find that the DNA sequence patterns that associate with methylation are very different from the patterns seen in humans, or in other animal or plant species to date.

Drosophila is one of the classic model organisms, with very well established tools to study its biology. The researchers' description of methylation in the fly will facilitate the use of this powerful experimental system to study methylation. Drosophila has only one known enzyme that could establish DNA methylation, and the researchers show that this enzyme is not responsible for the methylation patterns they detected. The fly genome has been studied very deeply, but the finding suggests that a new enzyme lies undiscovered within it.

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The research team also included additional researchers from CHORI and UC Berkeley. For a link to the paper and its authors, please click here.

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Research from CHORI scientists demonstrates first genome methylation in fruit fly