Daily Archives: February 24, 2014

Degradation of viral DNA in cell nucleus opening up new treatment for hepatitis B

Posted: February 24, 2014 at 8:44 am

Viruses such as HBV can persist by depositing their genetic information (DNA) in the cell nucleus, where the DNA is normally not degraded. This prevents antiviral drugs from eliminating these viruses. But the newly discovered mechanism could make this possible without damaging the infected cell in the liver. In the current issue of the journal Science, the scientists report that now new therapeutic possibilities are consequently opening up.

Although preventive vaccination is possible, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that more than 240 million people around the world are currently suffering from a chronic hepatitis B infection. They face a high risk of developing liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. In Germany alone, more than half a million people are affected. Although available antiviral medicines can control the hepatitis B virus, they cannot completely eliminate it. As a result, the HBV in the patient's liver is reactivated as soon as the treatment is discontinued.

This is due to virus DNA (cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA) "hidden" in the cell nucleus. This virus DNA stores multiple copies of the virus in the nucleus of infected liver cells (hepatocytes) and in this way protects itself from destructive influences. The cccDNA serves as a template for the virus' own proteins and new viral genomes. An international team of scientists headed by Prof. Ulrike Protzer and Prof. Mathias Heikenwlder, Institute of Virology at the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen and the Technische Universitt Mnchen, has now found a way to selectively attack and eliminate the viral genetic information in the cell nucleus of the liver cells without damaging the host cell in the process.

"The degradation of viral DNA in the cell nucleus that we describe represents an important mechanism in the defense against the virus," Protzer reports. "Moreover, for the first time, the results offer the possibility to develop a treatment that can heal hepatitis B."

The scientists have discovered that in addition to interferons (the immune system's defense agents), activation of the lymphotoxin receptor in the host cell promotes certain proteins and supports their function in such a way that they chemically modulate and degrade viral cccDNA. This keeps the virus from reactivating, and also prevents the disease from breaking out again, even after the treatment has ended.

On the other hand, the proteins do not influence the genetic information of the host cell itself, which here is the liver cell. "With the activation of the lymphotoxin receptor, also combined with substances that are already available, we have a very promising new therapy concept available," Heikenwlder explains.

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The above story is based on materials provided by Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Degradation of viral DNA in cell nucleus opening up new treatment for hepatitis B

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Scientific Oligarchy: Human Genome Project, DNA Tracking & The Pentagon – Video

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Scientific Oligarchy: Human Genome Project, DNA Tracking The Pentagon
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Tema Elegante ”Genome” By Jebb 2014 – Video

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Tema Elegante #39; #39;Genome #39; #39; By Jebb 2014
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Triple Helix’s 2013 robot, Genome Zeta – Video

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Triple Helix #39;s 2013 robot, Genome Zeta
My stab at a release video of Genome Zeta, the 2013 robot made by FRC team 2363, Triple Helix. Zeta A went in the bag 2/18/2014. We #39;ll use Zeta B, our practi...

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Virginia Tech Researcher Proposes New Genome-Based Naming System

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February 24, 2014

Image Caption: Boris Vinatzer has developed a naming convention based on genome sequencing to enhance the way organisms are classified. Credit: Virginia Tech

redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports Your Universe Online

A new naming system proposed by one Virginia Tech scientist proposes moving beyond the current biological naming system and supplementing it with a new classification method based on an organisms genome sequence.

The new method was developed by Boris Vinatzer, an associate professor in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, and he believes that it will create a universal language that will allow biologists to communicate about various types of life on Earth with previously unavailable specificity.

Vinatzer describes his work in the Friday edition of the open-access, peer-reviewed journal PLoS ONE, and said that switching to a taxonomy based on the genetic sequence of each individual creature will lead to the creation of a more precise, robust and informative name for animals, plants, and other forms of living organisms.

In a statement, he said that the new system builds upon the work developed by Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus over two centuries ago, explaining that recent progress in genome sequencing technology allows researchers to distinguish between any bacteria, plant, or animal at a very low cost. The limitation of the Linnaeus system is the absence of a method to name the sequenced organisms with precision.

Vinatzer clarifies that he does not propose changing the naming conventions of the currently-used biological classification system. Instead, his new system aims only to add additional information in order to classify organisms within named species, and to more rapidly identify new ones since the process depends on the organisms DNA.

A genome-based classification system could be of great use to public health officials, given the ever-present threat posed by biological agents in this day and age. In his research, the Virginia Tech professor used the anthrax strain which surfaced following the September 11 terror attacks in order to demonstrate the limits of the Linnaeus system.

Weaponized anthrax frustrated officials as the powder found its way to offices in the United States and the ensuing investigation took months for law enforcement to identify the origin of the original pathogen as the Ames strain, the university explained. More than 1,200 strains of anthrax or Bacillus anthracis exist. Each one possesses an arbitrary name chosen by researchers that does nothing to illuminate genetic similarities.

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Virginia Tech Researcher Proposes New Genome-Based Naming System

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Mario Badescu Control Cream Eczema Discount Review Youtube Maniac Info – Video

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Mario Badescu Control Cream Eczema Discount Review Youtube Maniac Info
Maniac Youtube videos containing a variety of information is important for a variety of videos and guides on a variety of issues including: 1. Structured set...

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Let’s Talk: Psoriasis – Video

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Let #39;s Talk: Psoriasis
Rumble rumble rumble 🙂 The Blog article will be up in no time. Thanks for watching!!!! Please subscribe for more useless stuff Thumbs up if you like that vi...

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Mick Sumbling – ‘Storm In A Teacup’ (2014) – Video

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Mick Sumbling - #39;Storm In A Teacup #39; (2014)
Why make make a mountain out of a molehill? Demo of an original song by Mick Sumbling. Film footage from the famous (in the UK) PG Tips tea commercials from ...

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Politically Incorrect with Kreider ep. #2 – Video

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Politically Incorrect with Kreider ep. #2
Ranting and Raving about "selfies"

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Will US Fight China’s Internet Censorship? | China Uncensored – Video

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Will US Fight China #39;s Internet Censorship? | China Uncensored
The United States intervening in China #39;s Internet censorship practices. That #39;s what a group of Chinese reporters/bloggers called for in a meeting with US Sec...

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