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Monthly Archives: January 2014
25 years of DNA on computers
Posted: January 3, 2014 at 8:44 pm
Jan. 3, 2014 DNA carries out its activities "diluted" in the cell nucleus. In this state it synthesises proteins and, even though it looks like a messy tangle of thread, in actual fact its structure is governed by precise rules that are important for it to carry out its functions. Biologists have studied DNA by observing it experimentally with a variety of techniques, which have only recently been supplemented by research in silico, that is to say, the study of DNA by means of computer simulations. This is a recent area of study, but it has already given a major contribution to knowledge in this field.
Angelo Rosa, a theoretical physicist of the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, with the collaboration of Christophe Zimmer, an experimental physicist from the Pasteur Institute in Paris has assessed the state of the art of this novel but powerful approach in a systematic review that has just been published in the journal International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology.
"Apart from some rare exceptions, we reviewed virtually all of the models developed to date," explains Rosa. "The review is mainly aimed at biologists in that we have made minimal use of mathematical formulas which hamper reading. I think this is the first review of its kind. The paper is actually also interesting for physicists and mathematicians who are approaching this new field for the first time."
The two physicists reviewed 25 years of computational models: "in this relatively short time span the models have become increasingly sophisticated and this, thanks to the development of computers," explains Rosa. "Today we are able to make far more detailed and predictive simulations, which allow us to lead the work of experimental researchers in previously unthought-of directions."
"This is a useful tool which, without going into mathematical detail, provides the biologist with an overview of the type of studies that will increasingly complement the more traditional approaches" continues Rosa. "Today, for example, we already have software programmes which, starting from experimental data, allow us to reconstruct the structure of specific portions of chromosomes. I think that if computers continue to evolve as they have done until now -- and there's no reason to doubt this -- we'll be able to reconstruct entire chromosomes."
"At the present time, the future prospects of in silico research into nuclear DNA are twofold," concludes Rosa, "to understand in detail the dynamics of gene expression (the details of protein synthesis) and to identify precisely where the chromosomes are when DNA unravels in the nucleus."
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25 years of DNA on computers
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Jumping DNA in brain may be cause of schizophrenia
Posted: at 8:44 pm
Jan. 2, 2014 Stretches of DNA called retrotransposons, often dubbed "junk DNA," might play an important role in schizophrenia. In a study published today in the journal Neuron, a Japanese team revealed that LINE-1 retrotransposons are abnormally abundant in the schizophrenia brain, modify the expression of genes related to schizophrenia during brain development, and may be one of the causes of schizophrenia.
Retrotransposons are short sequences of DNA that autonomously amplify and move around the genome. One class of retrotransposons named Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINE) make up a large part of the eukaryotic genome and it is believed that they may contribute to a number of disorders and diseases such as cancer.
LINE-1 have been shown to be more abundant in brain cells than in other cells in the body in adults, providing evidence for enhanced activity of LINE-1 in the human brain. However, the role played by LINE-1 in mental disorders, and in particular schizophrenia, has remained unclear.
The team led by Dr Kazuya Iwamoto from the University of Tokyo and Dr Tadafumi Kato from the RIKEN Brain Science Institute demonstrated that the number of LINE-1 copies is elevated in the post-mortem brains of patients with schizophrenia. They show using mouse and macaque models for schizophrenia and iPS cells that exposure to environmental risk factors during development, as well as the presence of genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, can lead to increased levels of LINE-1 in neurons. The authors reveal employing whole genome analysis that in schizophrenia patients LINE-1 reinserts into genes involved in synaptic function or schizophrenia and may result in disruptions in their normal functions.
"Our findings strongly suggest that abnormal, enhanced retrotransposition of LINE-1 in neurons, triggered by environmental factors and/or combined with a genetic risk factor, plays a defining role in schizophrenia," conclude the authors.
"This study proposes a brand new mechanism of pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previously, schizophrenia was regarded as a disease caused by gene-environment interactions, but our study shows that the environment can alter the genome and may contribute to the disease," explains Tadafumi Kato.
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Jumping DNA in brain may be cause of schizophrenia
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Genome Compiler Asks USPTO to Reexamine DNA2.0 Patent in Ongoing Legal Row
Posted: at 8:43 pm
Waters' John Ornell plans to resign from his post as chief financial officer, effective Feb. 1, 2014, after which he will continue to serve the company as an advisor on a part-time basis. Eugene Cassis, who currently is corporate VP of worldwide business development and investor relations, will step into the CFO role on an interim basis when Ornell leaves the position. Cassis has been with the company for 33 years and has an extensive background in the firm's financial, operational, and technical activities.
RainDance Technologies has appointed Alfred Merriweather as CFO. He most recently served as CFO of Verinata Health prior to its acquisition by Illumina.
Previously, Merriweather served as CFO and in senior executive positions with several life science and clinical diagnostics companies, including Celera and Monogram Biosciences.
NuVasive, a medical device company that develops spinal surgical products and procedures, has appointed Greg Lucier to its board of directors.
Lucier is the chairman and CEO of Life Technologies, which is in the process of being acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific. He has also held senior management positions at General Electric.
PerkinElmer has appointed Jon DiVincezo to be president of its Environmental Health business and senior VP of the PerkinElmer. Maurice Tenney, who has led the Environmental Health business for four years, will start in a new position at PerkinElmer overseeing global operations and customer logistics. DiVincenzo will assume the new post on Dec. 2, and will report to Chairman and CEO Robert Friel. Prior to joining PerkinElmer, DiVincenzo served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Enzymatics, and before that he worked at Millipore for 18 years where he last served as president of the Bioscience division.
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Genome Compiler Asks USPTO to Reexamine DNA2.0 Patent in Ongoing Legal Row
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Study illuminates origin of flowers
Posted: at 8:43 pm
A study on Amborella, a plant of remarkable heritage, reveals new information about the origins of flowers on Earth.
Amborella hails from an ancient evolutionary lineage and scientists who sequenced its genome say its DNA provides conclusive evidence that the ancestor of all flowering plants evolved following a polyploidy event, during which an organisms entire genome is duplicated. It happened about 200 million years ago.
Because redundant copies of genes can evolve to develop new functions, this doubling may be behind Darwins abominable mystery the apparently abrupt proliferation of new varieties of flowering plants in fossil records dating to the Cretaceous period, about 145 million years ago.
Some duplicated genes were lost over time, but others took on new functions, including contributions to the development of floral organs.
The research was led by scientists at Penn State University, UB, the University of Florida, the University of Georgia and the University of California, Riverside.
A paper by the Amborella Genome Sequencing Project that includes a full description of the analyses performed, as well as implications for flowering plant research, was published in the journal Science on Dec. 20. The article is among three on different research areas related to the Amborella genome that will be published in the same issue of the journal.
Of more than 300,000 flowering plant species alive today, Amborella (Amborella trichopoda) is unique as the sole survivor of an ancient evolutionary lineage that traces back to the last common ancestor of all flowering plants, according to the research team. The plant is a small understory tree found only on the main island of New Caledonia in the South Pacific.
This heritage gives Amborella a special role in the study of flowers, says Victor Albert, UB professor of biological sciences, who played a key role in leading the research effort.
In the same way that the genome sequence of the platypus a survivor of an ancient lineage can help us study the evolution of all mammals, the genome sequence of Amborella can help us learn about the evolution of all flowers, Albert says.
Generations of scientists have worked to solve the puzzle of why flowering plants suddenly proliferated in fossil records, says Claude dePamphilis of Penn State, another lead investigator.
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Study illuminates origin of flowers
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Human longevity – CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation …
Posted: at 8:43 pm
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
Human longevity is the length of a person's life span. The Creationist reflections on this topic typically focus on the effects of the flood on the human lifespan, and the cause of human mortality. Ancient historical documents, including the Biblical book of Genesis, record lifespans approximately 10 times above what they are currently. However, immediately after the flood, human longevity shows a rapid decline.
According to the Bible's book of Genesis, God restricted the human lifespan to 120 years during the time of the Flood:
According to the book of Psalms, the average human lifespan (which at the time of the writing would have been 3,000 years ago, and we know must have been at least 2,500 years ago given the Dead Sea Scrolls) was 70 years:
Prior to the flood, Genesis 5 records that people lived extraordinarily long lives: routinely over 900 years. Methuselah is known for living longer than any other human in history, dying at the age of 969.
This longevity is believed to be so extraordinarily long in part because environmental conditions were optimal before the Earth was destroyed during the global flood. This perhaps maintained by a stronger magnetic field or dense atmosphere which collapsed during the flood.
It should be noted that there is nothing known about the human body which would fundamentally prevent humans from having lived that long in the past, or to one day live that long again.[1] Scientists do not know why humans age and ultimately die, although some have speculated[Reference needed] that it might be due to the shortening of telomeres, which could theoretically have been much longer prior to the flood.
Josephus, a first century Jewish historian, wrote:
After the great flood, human lifespans declined quickly and precipitously as seen in the chart at right.
There are several possible factors for consideration:
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Video: Human Longevity Secrets: Herbal Supplements | eHow
Posted: at 8:43 pm
One secret to human longevity is the regular intake of herbal supplements. Find out which herbal supplements impact longevity with expert tips from a science and health researcher in this free video about improving human longevity.
We're going to talk about living a long, healthy life, and whether or not herbal supplements can contribute to our health. And herbs are something that's kind of a hotly debated topic, because they're not formally regulated, and yet herbs can be very potent. They can be as potent, even more potent than conventional medicinal drugs that you would get prescribed from your doctor. So, some people are very cautious about recommending herbs, just because of the fact that they're not regulated and some people might not follow the directions, and overdose, what not. But I do think it's important to recognize that scientific studies have shown that many different herbs do have very helpful benefits, and that if you use them correctly and in moderation, then they can definitely be a part of a healthy lifestyle. A couple that have--that some good studies have been done on that I personally really like is andrographis. It's sold under different names, and I'm not promoting any particular brand. The main thing is just do your research, make sure you're buying it from a reputable company that you know has high standards, because there are people who sell substandard products, unfortunately, so you want to be careful. Andrographis has been shown in double blind studies to be very effective at treating symptoms related to cold and upper respiratory infections, flu-like illnesses. So, you know, that's great. In fact, a natural substance that has been proven to have very few side effects, and it can make a big difference. So, definitely--rhodiola is another herb that I really like. Recent--there's been several recent studies that show that that can help with stress resistance. It can make you more resistant to stress, also to illness. It can boost your immune system. Different studies from around the world show that it can also actually improve your concentration. So, a lot of these herbs, one thing that's nice about them is that they have kind of a systemic effect in that they can actually help you with several different objective at the same time. Rhodiloa for example is good for your immune system, and it's also--studies have shown that it also may be good for clarity. So, that's something to consider. There are good herbs out there. You'll want to do your research and make sure that science backs up that it is a good product before you waste your money.
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Video: Human Longevity Secrets: Herbal Supplements | eHow
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Pet companionship for the elderly
Posted: at 8:43 pm
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society in May 1999 demonstrated that independently living seniors that have pets tend to have better physical health and mental wellbeing than those that do not have pets. This is because animals of all types, especially dogs and cats, help the elderly overcome the pain of loneliness by being great companions that lavish affection.
For anyone who is consistently left alone, pets can also supply a sense of security and protection. They can make one laugh and divert the mind away from troubles.
Several studies have shown that pets can aid in relaxation, lower blood pressure, promote health, and extend ones life. They also help us unwind and relieve stress and anxiety. Anyone who bonds with a pet will confirm their inestimable value. The following are the benefits that elderly persons can derive from owning a pet
Companionship
Loneliness seems to be the most serious condition an elderly person can face. Major events, such as spousal loss, are frequently identified as precipitating factors in loneliness among the elderly population. In fact, studies have found out that pet owners were better able to cope three weeks after a spouses death; while it took about six months after the death of a spouse before non pet owners could cope.
The researchers drew conclusions that relationships with pets cannot be considered substitutes for close interpersonal human relationships; however, it can be assumed that a pet in the home will ease the loneliness felt after the loss of a human companion. This is the reason why a widowed person should be encouraged to keep pets during the early grief period.
Exercise
Pets need to be walked or played with often, and this can increase the amount of daily exercise elderly pet owners receive. Studies have shown that in the course of interaction with a pet, elderly pet owners have much higher levels of physical activity than non-pet owners.
Stress reduction
Pet owners have significantly lower levels of stress than people who do not own pets. The reason for this is that the unconditional love and affection pets offer can help elderly people get through stressful moments more easily.
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Eczema Treatments Reviewed – Find the Best Eczema Treatment …
Posted: at 8:43 pm
Although many miracle cures promise the world when it comes to eczema, it can be difficult to find an eczema cream or treatment that really works. However, Eczema.net is designed to make your search fast and easy.
Our team of skincare professionals and experts has dedicated their time to helping visitors find the best eczema treatments available.
With years of experience dedicated to studying skin conditions, we have taken the guesswork out of finding the best eczema treatments. By conducting extensive research and gathering data from countless studies and consumer reports, we review products based on the following criteria:
By basing our recommendations on the above criteria, weve helped thousands of people find an eczema treatment that really works. Weve listed our recommendations below along with where to get the best prices to help you finally say good bye to your eczema.
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Raw milk’s claimed health benefits put to the test
Posted: at 8:43 pm
Published: 5:51PM Friday January 03, 2014 Source: ONE News
Scientists in Wellington are testing claims that raw milk helps prevent asthma, allergies and eczema.
A long time ago the milk we drank actually came straight from cows.
But for more than a century most milk has been pasteurised, whereby it is heated then cooled down to lower the risk of bacterial infection.
Yet some claim raw milk helps relieve the symptoms of asthma, allergies and eczema in children and adults.
Scientists say there still is not solid evidence it is good for your health.
"We were involved in a number of studies in Europe where we found farmers' children had a much lower prevalence of allergies and asthma," said Professor Jeroen Douwes of the Centre for Public Health research.
"And so we repeated the study in New Zealand and also found that farmers' children had about 40% the risk of children in the general population."
Now researchers are trying to prove conclusively whether raw milk is protecting the immune system and boosting the lungs.
"It's quite hard to isolate what it is within the farming environment that may be the beneficial factor. So we are focusing our study on non-farming families specifically," said Amanda Eng of the Centre for Public Health Research.
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Raw milk's claimed health benefits put to the test
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Silica Gel For Psoriasis / Neurodermatitis – Video
Posted: at 8:43 pm
Silica Gel For Psoriasis / Neurodermatitis
Happy new year! This is not a medical advice, just a tip from my experience. Hope it does help you too!
By: Lilly Jarlsson
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Silica Gel For Psoriasis / Neurodermatitis - Video
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