Monthly Archives: September 2012

Richard Branson wants to colonize Mars

Posted: September 30, 2012 at 6:15 pm

Sir Richard Branson wants to start a colony on Mars.

Well, who doesn't?

Branson is the entrepreneur who got his start in record shops and rock and roll and moved on to, you know, everything -- his Virgin umbrella includes hundred of companies that are involved in everything from soup to nuts. (Trains, planes and automobiles, telephones, media, animation, food, public health, environmental studies, new fuels, research grants, head transplants, volcano extinguishing and anything else you care to mention, imagine or make up.)

Branson, 62, wants to go to Mars. He wants to take the experience of the few hundred, "privileged astronauts" who have been into space and democratize the situation. He says colonizing the red planet is realistic and something he anticipates doing in his lifetime. Mars is sort-of potentially habitable, as it appears to have frozen water, some thin atmosphere and as yet, no culture to speak of; it's just like L.A.

Branson says he knows just the people to bring along for that first colonization attempt on Mars:

"Obviously, you are going to want scientists initially. You're going to want physicians, you're going to want comedians, you're going to want fun people, beautiful people, ugly people - a good cross-section of what happens on Earth - on Mars. People have got to be able to get on together, because it's going to be quite confined."

Scientists? Physicians? Comics? Fun people? The beautiful and the ugly? Branson's idea of the what a cross-section of humanity might look like is probably a little different from everyone else's, but if we had his resources, we'd take as many people from reality television to populate Mars as would fit in the spaceship.

When it comes time to live and breed on a hostile planet, you want the kind of survivors who have what it takes to crawl over everyone else as required, and lie, cheat, steal and betray to protect their own interests. Like cockroaches and rats, the people who should go to Mars should be those indestructible Me-First folks who'd sell their own granny or flog their child's sex tape to get ahead.

You know -- the types who'd not only air their dirty laundry in public but wash it, fold it and put it away in public, too, if there was money involved. You want settlers with the crust of a Kardashian, the morals of a Bachelorette, the double-dealing abilities of a Big Brother schemer and the stamina of a Dancing With the Stars contestant.

And Dr. Phil. Branson did mention a doctor, didn't he?

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Pennies for NASA: Small change to help bolster our underfunded space program

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NASA has taken major budget cuts in the last few years.

By Aaron Williams

On Aug. 6, 2012, the robotic rover Curiosity landed on the dusty surface of the red planet known as Mars. It was a historic moment for the American people and for the country that can proudly boast having put the first man on the moon. NASAs propensity for innovation and ability to make dreams a reality has inspired scientifically minded Americans for over half a century now.

One such group is an organization known as Penny4NASA. According to Penny4NASAs website, their goal is to convince the Obama administration and the U.S. Congress to increase NASAs current federal funding of 0.48 percent to a whole annual one percent of the U.S. annual budget. According to their data, 2012 is second lowest year of NASA funding by percentage of the U.S. annual budget since NASAs founding in the years of 1958 and 1959.

Should NASAs budget be increased to one percent of the U.S. annual budget? I would argue that it must. President Obama and the Democrats spent all of last week stressing how they will strengthen and stimulate the U.S. economy by improving our infrastructure, funding innovation and increasing funding in education in critical areas such as science and math, where the U.S. has fallen so far on the world stage.

A budget that is worthy of the work that NASA does is a necessity for our society. It shows where America places its values. The funding of NASA can have a direct economic and technological impact in the U.S. With more jobs for engineers, physicists, and mathematicians, we can become a leader in innovation and technological advancement once again.

In a CIO article entitled, It Came From Outer Space: NASA Innovations in Our Lives Meredith Levinson discusses several new technologies that the public now enjoys that were originally developed by NASA. These include nutritional supplements, aerogel insulation, memory foam pillows, high-tech swimsuits designed for Speedo by NASA, lithium batteries for hybrid and electric cars and infrared thermometers. These are just a few of the technological advancements that American society has benefited from thanks to NASA.

Even if you cannot concede that increasing NASAs budget would encourage growth in math and science sectors of the American education system, you must accept that planet Earth will not be around forever. Whether due to asteroid impact, irreparable climate change or nuclear war, our planet can quickly become inhospitable to life.

If the human race is going to ascend past planet Earth and take our exploratory spirit with us across the galaxy, it begins with our own solar system. Lunar colonization and eventually martian colonization are vital steps to ensuring the human race can outlast the Earth. It is a long road but we must start to pave the way today if we ever intend on seeing one of our boldest dreams come to fruition. It starts today, with NASA and with the funding of organizations like Penny4NASA. If you have the means, you can donate directly to Penny4NASA on their website. If you do not, call your representatives. Tell them that you believe NASAs funding should be increased, to the benefit of us all.

opinion@louisvillecardinal.com Photo courtesy of NASA.gov

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Pennies for NASA: Small change to help bolster our underfunded space program

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Ballot Watch: Labeling genetically engineered foods

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Proposition 37, pushed by organic food companies and Joseph Mercola, an osteopath and owner of an alternative health website, is the second attempt nationwide to ask voters to require labeling of genetically engineered foods.

Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modifying, happens when scientists change the DNA of a plant or animal to achieve new characteristics. Common genetically engineered crops in the United States include corn mixed with pesticide so it is resistant to bugs, and soybeans bred to tolerate weed-killers such as Round-Up. Cross breeding techniques, such as mixing a plum and an apricot to make a pluot, do not meet the definition of genetic engineering under Proposition 37.

As biotech innovations have expanded in recent years, the percentage of crops made from genetic engineering has increased dramatically. Today, about 90 percent of corn and soybeans are genetically engineered, according to the USDA. That's a concern to proponents of organic farming, but a boon to producers who can grow greater quantities at lower cost.

Advocates concerned about potential health and environmental impacts of genetic engineering have been trying for years to get states and the federal government to label such foods. They have unsuccessfully pushed for food labeling laws in 19 state legislatures and submitted a petition to the federal Food and Drug Administration earlier this year. Ten years ago Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure that would have required labeling genetically engineered food.

WHAT IT WOULD DO

Require that food containing genetically engineered ingredients be labeled "Partially produced with genetic engineering" or "May be partially produced with genetic engineering."

Exempt most meat, dairy and alcohol, as well as food that is organic or sold in restaurants.

Prohibit labeling or advertising genetically engineered food as "natural," "naturally made," "naturally grown" or "all natural." May also prohibit those terms on other processed foods.

Allow people to sue food manufacturers who violate labeling rules.

SUPPORTERS

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Seattle Genetics and Millennium Complete Enrollment in Phase III AETHERA Trial of ADCETRIS® for Post-Transplant …

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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & BOTHELL, Wash.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Seattle Genetics, Inc. (SGEN) and Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (TSE:4502), today announced the completion of patient enrollment in a phase III clinical trial of ADCETRIS (brentuximab vedotin) for post-transplant Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. The phase III trial, also known as the AETHERA trial, is evaluating ADCETRIS versus placebo for the treatment of patients at high risk of residual Hodgkin lymphoma following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). ADCETRIS is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed to CD30, a defining marker of classical HL.

We are pleased to complete the enrollment of this important phase III trial, evaluating the use of ADCETRIS for Hodgkin lymphoma patients who are at high risk of residual disease following an ASCT, said Thomas C. Reynolds, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer of Seattle Genetics. The AETHERA trial is designed to provide the medical community with valuable insight into the potential for ADCETRIS to consolidate responses in Hodgkin lymphoma patients following a transplant, and will be the first data on the use of ADCETRIS in a maintenance-type setting. We anticipate data from this trial will be available in late 2013 or early 2014.

Completing enrollment of the AETHERA trial in the post-transplant Hodgkin lymphoma patient population at high risk for residual disease is a significant milestone for our ADCETRIS clinical development program, said Karen Ferrante, M.D., Chief Medical Officer, Millennium. We look forward to continuing to work with our partner Seattle Genetics to determine the potential benefit of this targeted treatment in other CD30-expressing tumors.

The AETHERA trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study, comparing progression-free survival in 329 post-ASCT patients receiving ADCETRIS to those receiving placebo. Patients must be at high risk for residual HL, defined as those with a history of refractory HL, those who relapse or progress within one year from receiving front-line chemotherapy and/or those who have disease outside of the lymph nodes at the time of pre-ASCT relapse. Secondary endpoints of the trial include overall survival, safety and tolerability. Patients receive ADCETRIS every three weeks for up to approximately one year. This international multi-center trial is being conducted in the United States, Europe and Russia.

About ADCETRIS

ADCETRIS (brentuximab vedotin) is an ADC comprising an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody attached by a protease-cleavable linker to a microtubule disrupting agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), utilizing Seattle Genetics proprietary technology. The ADC employs a linker system that is designed to be stable in the bloodstream but to release MMAE upon internalization into CD30-expressing tumor cells.

ADCETRIS received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for two indications: (1) the treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or after failure of at least two prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimens in patients who are not ASCT candidates, and (2) the treatment of patients with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) after failure of at least one prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimen. The indications for ADCETRIS are based on response rate. There are no data available demonstrating improvement in patient-reported outcomes or survival with ADCETRIS.

ADCETRIS is not approved for use outside the United States. The marketing authorization application for ADCETRIS in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and sALCL, filed by Takeda Global Research & Development Centre (Europe), was accepted for review by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in June 2011. In July 2012, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the EMA issued a positive opinion for the conditional approval of ADCETRIS, supporting an approval decision in the European Union.

Seattle Genetics and Millennium are jointly developing ADCETRIS. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Seattle Genetics has U.S. and Canadian commercialization rights and the Takeda Group has rights to commercialize ADCETRIS in the rest of the world. Seattle Genetics and the Takeda Group are funding joint development costs for ADCETRIS on a 50:50 basis, except in Japan where the Takeda Group will be solely responsible for development costs.

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Nobel Laureates and Experts Gather to Discuss Genetics and Society

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STOCKHOLM, September 24, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

As our knowledge of genetics and genomics steadily expands and the potential applications of this understanding multiply, it becomes more and more urgent to address the societal implications of these developments. At a unique gathering in Stockholm on 9 December 2012, Nobel Laureates, prominent scientists, key policy makers and opinion leaders will review the current and future prospects for areas such as personalised medicine, genetically modified organisms and human evolution. With the theme of"The Genetic Revolution and its Impact on Society", this free public conference calledNobel Week Dialogue, will be devoted to reviewing the past 50 years of progress in genetics and genomics and looking towards current and future trends.

Key Topics and Participants

What have the last 50 years of progress in genetics taught us about what to expect in the future?

Can healthcare systems adapt to take advantage of the potential of personalized medicine?

How well do we understand how to manipulate gene expression and what are the consequences of this understanding?

These are some of the questions which will be discussed in a series of thought-provoking sessions and working groups. Participating Nobel Laureates include Bruce Beutler (2011), Steven Chu (1997), Joseph Goldstein (1985), Craig Mello (2006), Daniel McFadden (2000), Christiane Nsslein-Volhard (1995) and James Watson (1962). The 2012 Nobel Laureates will also be invited to attend.

Bruce Beutler, 2011 Nobel Laureate in Medicine says, "The information required to make a complex organism, such as a living person, resides within a few picograms of DNA in the nucleus of every cell. And much of what befalls us as individuals, for better or worse, is at least strongly influenced, if not foretold outright, by this subtle essence. A bit over 50 years ago, we began to understand how the information carried in DNA might be interpreted. Our understanding has grown quite sophisticated, and particularly in recent years, our ability to access DNA sequence has grown enormously. It is a good moment to count our gains, to explain them as best we can, and to consider what new barriers must be overcome."

Helga Nowotny, President of the European Research Council says, "The question before us is how to share the spectacular developments in the life sciences with wider society. Sharing is more than communicating. It means creating common ground that, even if contested, can also reassure and create trust. One often neglected instrument to achieve common ground is the law. It functions to stabilize relations between humans and their mutual expectations, although the objects to be mediated are biological entities or assemblages.I am glad to see that the upcoming event will provide an opportunity to discuss the social and legal issues around genetics."

Some of the experts include Mary-Claire King, President of the American Society of Human Genetics, Eric Lander, founder of the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, John Dupr, Director of the ESRC Centre for Genomics in Society and Janet Woodcock, Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration. For a complete list of participants, see: http://www.nobelweekdialogue.org/participants/

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Love of science lifts Hobe Sound teen to genetics conference in Germany

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It was a summer trip Hobe Sounds Grant Casto wont likely soon forget.

Casto, 17, traveled to Nuremberg, Germany, in late June to present a research paper in the study of genetics. He participated in the European Human Genetics Conference, attending with his grandfather, Richard J. Crout, an associate dean of research and a professor of dentistry and medicine at West Virginia University schools of dentistry and medicine

Going to a different country and seeing all these people from different countries come together to share their work that they found on genetics, I learned a lot about different diseases and all these new genetic disorders theyre finding, said Casto. He meet students and instructors from several nations at the event.

During the conference, Casto presented a research paper on the effects of genetics on dental health, such as cavities. Casto, whose parents work in dental care, said growing up in a family of medical professionals helped to spark his interest in science and medicine.

Ive liked science ever since I was young, he said. My long-term goal is to be an endodontist like my dad.

This fall, Casto has shifted his concentration back to his studies as a junior at the Clark Advanced Learning Center, a public charter high school on Southeast Salerno Road in Stuart where he is a junior. He currently maintains 3.8 grade-point while taking an academic curriculum that concentrates on science and college-level courses at Indian River State College. Casto said he hopes to attend West Virginia University and enroll in dental school while also pursuing a Ph.D in genetics.

Besides his studies, he has performed in years past with a local youth symphony, playing various instruments. He also volunteers at the Boys and Girls Club of Martin County. Casto said that the volunteer work is part of program through his school in which students help to organize events for children at the club, including holiday activities.

(I enjoy) seeing the kids happy, he said of his volunteer experiences.

What are your hobbies?

Music. I like pets. I like to take care of them. I have a parakeet, a blue-tounged skink, a leopard geck.

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DNA link prompts charges in cold case rapes – Video

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28-09-2012 17:56 DNA evidence helped lead to new charges against a Kansas City man in a series of rapes dating back to the 1980s.

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DNA exonerates man after 15 years on death row – Video

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28-09-2012 22:53 False confession by Damon Thibodeaux leads to 1997 conviction of murder and rape of step-cousin.

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Some Women's Brains Contain Male DNA: Study

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Latest Womens Health News

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Male DNA and cells are commonly found in some women's brains and most likely come from male fetuses, according to a small new study.

The medical implications of male DNA and male cells in women's brains are unknown. Previous studies of microchimerism -- the presence of genetic material and cells that were exchanged between fetuses and mothers during pregnancy -- have linked it to autoimmune diseases and cancer in both helpful and harmful ways.

Researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle analyzed brain autopsy specimens from 59 women who died between the ages of 32 and 101. Male DNA was detected in 63 percent of the women and was distributed in various brain regions. The oldest woman with male DNA was 94.

Thirty-three of the 59 women in the study had Alzheimer's disease. These women had a somewhat lower prevalence of male DNA, which was present in lower concentrations in regions of the brain most affected by Alzheimer's.

Because of the small number of women in the study and their largely unknown pregnancy history, it is not possible to establish a link between Alzheimer's disease and levels of male DNA and cells from a fetus, the researchers said in a cancer center news release.

They also added that the study does not show an association between male microchimerism in women's brains and their health or risk of disease. Further research is needed to investigate this area.

The study was published Sept. 26 in the journal PLoS One.

-- Robert Preidt

Copyright 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

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Some Women's Brains Contain Male DNA: Study

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DNA solves teen's 1974 murder

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By Dominique Debucquoy-Dodley, CNN

updated 9:17 AM EDT, Wed September 26, 2012

Canadian teenager Colleen MacMillen disappeared while hitchhiking in 1974.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

(CNN) -- DNA evidence links a now-dead American convict to the murder of a Canadian teenager who disappeared in 1974, authorities in British Columbia said Tuesday.

Bobby Jack Fowler, who died in an Oregon prison in 2006, is responsible for the murder of 16-year-old Colleen MacMillen, Inspector Gary Shinkaruk of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police said at a news conference.

Authorities said while the case is closed on MacMillen's death, investigations continue into the abductions and killings of other women in the same region of Canada, and the search is still on for information in those cases.

"Today's announcement and public plea for assistance is a significant milestone in our commitment to solving a series of missing and murdered women investigations in British Columbia," said Deputy Commissioner Craig Callens, commanding officer of the RCMP in British Columbia.

New DNA work may offer break in 36-year-old Michigan slayings

On August 9, 1974, MacMillen disappeared near Highway 97 in Lac La Hache, British Columbia, according to Shinkaruk. She was found dead 47 kilometers (about 29 miles) south of her last known location.

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DNA solves teen's 1974 murder

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