March 21, 2017 <\/p>\n
Using a new cellular model, innovative gene therapy approaches for the hereditary immunodeficiency Chronic Granulomatous Disease can be tested faster and cost-effectively in the lab for their efficacy. A team of researchers from the University of Zurich and the Children's Hospital Zurich successfully achieved this using the 'gene-scissor' CRISPR\/Cas9 technology. The aim is to treat severely affected patients in the near future using novel approaches. <\/p>\n
Chronic Granulomatous Disease is a hereditary disease of the immune system. Due to a gene defect, phagocytes of affected patients are unable to kill ingested bacteria and fungi; causing life-threatening infections and excessive inflammatory reactions that have severe adverse consequences. The disease can be cured by transplanting blood-forming stem cells from the bone marrow of healthy donors. Where no matching stem cell donor is available, gene therapy can be carried out, in a few locations worldwide. Before gene therapy is used clinically in patients, efficacy of treatment must be determined in the lab on human cells; cellular models are of utmost importance for this step. <\/p>\n
Better Cell Model Developed Thanks to 'Gene Scissors' <\/p>\n
Recently, a research team headed by Janine Reichenbach, a UZH professor and Co-Head of the Division of Immunology at the University Children's Hospital Zurich, has developed a new cellular model that enables to test the efficacy of new gene therapies much more efficiently. \"We used Crispr\/Cas9 technology to change a human cell line so that the blood cells show the genetic change typical of a specific form of Chronic Granulomatous Disease\", explains the pediatrician and immunologist. In this way, the modified cells reflect the disease genetically and functionally. Until now, scientists had to rely on using patients' skin cells that they had reprogrammed into stem cells in the lab. This approach is laborious, and requires considerable time and money. \"With our new testing system, this process is faster and cheaper, enabling us to develop new gene therapies for affected patients more efficiently\", says Janine Reichenbach. <\/p>\n
Already about ten years ago, the team of Janine Reichenbach initiated the worldwide first clinically successful gene therapy study for the treatment of children with Chronic Granulomatous Disease headed at that time by UZH's now emeritus Professor Reinhard Seger. The principle was to isolate blood-forming stem cells from the patient's bone marrow, transfer a healthy copy of the diseased gene into these cells in the lab, and infuse the gene-corrected cells back into the blood of the patient. The corrected blood stem cells find their way back to the bone marrow where they engraft and produce healthy immune cells. <\/p>\n
New 'Gene Ferries' Make Gene Therapy Safer <\/p>\n
To transfer the healthy copy of the gene into diseased cells, until now modified artificial viruses have been used as transport vehicle for the correcting genes. Despite curing the primary disease, gene therapies using first generation viral gene correction systems are now outdated, due to the development of malignant cancer cells in some patients in European studies. Janine Reichenbach's team currently works with a new improved 'gene ferry'. \"Today, we dispose of so-called lentiviral self-inactivating gene therapy systems that are efficient and, above all, that work more safely\". The University Children's Hospital Zurich is one of three European centers able to use this new gene therapy in an international clinical phase I\/II study to treat patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (EU-FP7 program NET4CGD). <\/p>\n
Future of Gene Therapy: Precise Repair of Defective Genes <\/p>\n
For Janine Reichenbach's team, such new 'gene ferries' are only an intermediate step. In future, gene defects shall no longer be treated by adding a functioning gene using viral 'gene ferries', but instead are repaired with pinpoint precision using genome editing. Crispr\/Cas9 is key here too. However, it will need another five to six years until this 'precision gene surgery' is ready for clinical applications. Janine Reichenbach appears optimistic. \"Within the framework of University Medicine Zurich, we have the technical, scientific and medical know-how on site to develop new therapies for patients with severe hereditary diseases faster and establish UZH as an international competence center of excellence for gene and cell therapies in the future.\" <\/p>\n
Explore further: Scientists repair gene defect in stem cells from patients with rare immunodeficiency <\/p>\n
More information: Dominik Wrona et al. CRISPR\/Cas9-generated p47phox-deficient cell line for Chronic Granulomatous Disease gene therapy vector development, Scientific Reports (2017). DOI: 10.1038\/srep44187<\/p>\n
Scientists have developed a new approach to repair a defective gene in blood-forming stem cells from patients with a rare genetic immunodeficiency disorder called X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). After transplant ... <\/p>\n
Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) have harnessed the power of CRISPR\/Cas9 to create more-potent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that enhance tumor rejection in mice. The unexpected findings, ... <\/p>\n
It is estimated that almost one in every ten people over 65 has some signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and its prevalence is likely to increase as a consequence of the aging population. AMD is a form of blindness, ... <\/p>\n
Scientists have demonstrated how a mutation in a specific protein in stem cells causes an incurable premature aging disease called dyskeratosis congenita, and were able to introduce the mutation into cultured human cells ... <\/p>\n
A team of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine has used a gene-editing tool known as CRISPR to repair the gene that causes sickle cell disease in human stem cells, which they say is a key step toward ... <\/p>\n
Recent advances in gene editing technology, which allows for targeted repair of disease-causing mutations, can be applied to hematopoietic stem cells with the potential to cure a variety of hereditary and congenital diseases. ... <\/p>\n
Einstein researchers have developed and validated a method for accurately identifying mutations in the genomes of single cells. The new method, which can help predict whether cancer will develop in seemingly healthy tissue, ... <\/p>\n
New genes which help prevent prostate, skin and breast cancer development in mice have been discovered by researchers at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and their collaborators. The study identified genes that cooperate ... <\/p>\n
Like almost all light-sensitive living beings, human beings follow biological rhythms set on a period of about 24 hours. The circadian clock (from Latin \"circa\" and \"dies\", which means \"about a day\") therefore describes the ... <\/p>\n
The majority of genes associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in humans also play pivotal roles in Drosophila renal function, a conservation of function across species that validates transgenic flies as ideal pre-clinical ... <\/p>\n
Britain's Newcastle University says its scientists have received a license to create babies using DNA from three people to prevent women from passing on potentially fatal genetic diseases to their childrenthe first time ... <\/p>\n
Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) researchers have discovered a common genetic variant that greatly impacts normal brain aging, starting at around age 65, and may modify the risk for neurodegenerative diseases. The ... <\/p>\n
Please sign in to add a comment. Registration is free, and takes less than a minute. Read more <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Read the original: March 21, 2017 Using a new cellular model, innovative gene therapy approaches for the hereditary immunodeficiency Chronic Granulomatous Disease can be tested faster and cost-effectively in the lab for their efficacy. A team of researchers from the University of Zurich and the Children's Hospital Zurich successfully achieved this using the 'gene-scissor' CRISPR\/Cas9 technology Continue reading
\nTesting the efficacy of new gene therapies more efficiently - Medical Xpress<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"