{"id":1053137,"date":"2011-08-14T15:53:31","date_gmt":"2011-08-14T15:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.immortalitymedicine.tv\/neurology\/worldwide-number-of-new-tb-cases-is-higher-than-any-other-time-in-history.php"},"modified":"2024-08-17T18:48:24","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T22:48:24","slug":"worldwide-number-of-new-tb-cases-is-higher-than-any-other-time-in-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/neurology\/worldwide-number-of-new-tb-cases-is-higher-than-any-other-time-in-history.php","title":{"rendered":"Worldwide number of new TB cases is higher than any other time in history"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>

From the 2011 Lancet review<\/a>:<\/div>
<\/div>

The worldwide number of new TB cases is more than 9 million - higher than at any other time in history.<\/p>

22 low-income and middle-income countries account for more than 80% of the active cases in the world.<\/p>

Due to the devastating effect of HIV on susceptibility to TB, sub-Saharan Africa has been disproportionately affected and accounts for 4 of every 5 cases of HIV-associated tuberculosis.<\/p>

Management problems include:<\/b><\/p>

- In highly endemic areas, TB diagnosis continues to rely on century-old sputum microscopy<\/p>

- No vaccine with adequate effectiveness (although BCG works to some extent). According to a recent report, BCG vaccination<\/a> not only protects against tuberculosis but the number needed to treat (NNT) is 11.<\/p>

- TB treatment regimens are protracted and have a risk of toxic effects<\/p>

- Increasing rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis in eastern Europe, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa<\/p>

Promising progress includes improved tuberculosis diagnostics with biomarkers of disease activity. New and improved drugs, biomarkers, and vaccines need to be developed.<\/div>
<\/div>
Diagnosing tuberculosis with cytokines IL-15, IL-10 and MCP-1, in addition to interferon-gamma<\/b><\/div>
A pattern of two cytokines<\/a>, called MCP-1 and IL-15, was reasonably good at differentiating between persons sick with TB and persons infected but not sick.
<\/div>
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. According to the new nomenclature, MCP-1 is called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2).<\/div>

A third cytokine called IP-10 also showed promise at differentiating between people who are infected and those who are not.<\/div>
<\/div>
Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) is also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10). It belongs to the CXC chemokine family.<\/div>

These 3 cytokines could form the basis of a new test to quickly detect whether tuberculosis is dormant or active and infectious.<\/div>



52 chemokines from 4 families have been described. They interact with 20 receptors (click here for a larger image<\/a>).<\/p>

<\/div><\/div>
References:

Tuberculosis<\/a>. Stephen D Lawn MRCP, Prof Alimuddin I Zumla FRCP. The Lancet, Volume 378, Issue 9785, Pages 57 - 72, 2 July 2011.
<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Immune system could be used to test for TB<\/a>. Reuters.<\/div>
Immunology Made Simple: \"What are These People Talking About?\"<\/a><\/div>
Cytokines<\/a><\/div>
Xpert MTB\/RIF is a rapid diagnostic test for tuberculosis with high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (99%). Lancet, 2011<\/a>.<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Image source: PPD, CDC, public domain.<\/div>
<\/div>
Comments from Twitter:<\/div>
<\/div>
@sdietrich17: How discouraging. We just keep going backwards with so many infectious diseases...<\/div>

Posted at Clinical Cases and Images<\/a>. Stay updated and subscribe<\/a>, follow us on Twitter<\/a> and connect on Facebook<\/a>.\"\"<\/p><\/div>

<\/a>
<\/a><\/p>

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the 2011 Lancet review:The worldwide number of new TB cases is more than 9 million - higher than at any other time in history.22 low-income and middle-income countries account for more than 80% of the active cases in the … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"limit_modified_date":"","last_modified_date":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1246864],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1053137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neurology"],"modified_by":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1053137"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1053137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1053137\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1053137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1053137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.euvolution.com\/futurist-transhuman-news-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1053137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}