Photo by: Gernot Krautberger <\/p>\n
Genetic engineering is any process by which genetic material (the building blocks of heredity) is changed in such a way as to make possible the production of new substances or new functions. As an example, biologists have now learned how to transplant the gene that produces light in a firefly into tobacco plants. The function of that genethe production of lighthas been added to the normal list of functions of the tobacco plants. <\/p>\n
Genetic engineering became possible only when scientists had discovered exactly what is a gene. Prior to the 1950s, the term gene was used to stand for a unit by which some genetic characteristic was transmitted from one generation to the next. Biologists talked about a \"gene\" for hair color, although they really had no idea as to what that gene was or what it looked like. <\/p>\n
That situation changed dramatically in 1953. The English chemist Francis Crick (1916 ) and the American biologist James Watson (1928 ) determined a chemical explanation for a gene. Crick and Watson discovered the chemical structure for large, complex molecules that occur in the nuclei of all living cells, known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). <\/p>\n
DNA molecules, Crick and Watson announced, are very long chains or units made of a combination of a simple sugar and a phosphate group. <\/p>\n
Amino acid: An organic compound from which proteins are made. <\/p>\n
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): A large, complex chemical compound that makes up the core of a chromosome and whose segments consist of genes. <\/p>\n
Gene: A segment of a DNA molecule that acts as a kind of code for the production of some specific protein. Genes carry instructions for the formation, functioning, and transmission of specific traits from one generation to another. <\/p>\n
Gene splicing: The process by which genes are cut apart and put back together to provide them with some new function. <\/p>\n
Genetic code: A set of nitrogen base combinations that act as a code for the production of certain amino acids. <\/p>\n
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See the article here: Photo by: Gernot Krautberger Genetic engineering is any process by which genetic material (the building blocks of heredity) is changed in such a way as to make possible the production of new substances or new functions. As an example, biologists have now learned how to transplant the gene that produces light in a firefly into tobacco plants. The function of that genethe production of lighthas been added to the normal list of functions of the tobacco plants. Continue reading
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