Gurucul XDR Uses Machine Learning & Integration for Real-Time Threat Detection, Incident Response – Integration Developers

To improve speed and intelligence of threat detection and response, Guruculs cloud-native XDR platform is adding machine learning, integration risk scoring and more.

by Anne Lessman

Tags: cloud-native, Gurucul, integration, machine learning, real-time, threat detection,

The latest upgrade to the Gurucul XDR platform adds extended detection and response alongside improved risk scoring to strengthen security operations effectiveness and productivity.

Improvements to Guruculs cloud-native solution also sport features to enable intelligent investigations and risk-based response automation. New features include extended data linking, additions to its out-of-the-box integrations, contextual machine learning (ML) analytics and risk-prioritized alerting.

The driving force behind these updates is to provide users a single pane of risk, according to Gurucul CEO Saryu Nayyar.

Most XDR products are based on legacy platforms limited to siloed telemetry and threat detection, which makes it difficult to provide unified security operations capabilities, Nayyar said.

Gurucul Cloud-native XDR is vendor-agnostic and natively built on a Big Data architecture designed to process, contextually link, analyze, detect, and risk score using data at massive scale. It also uses contextual Machine Learning models alongside a risk scoring engine to provide real-time threat detection, prioritize risk-based alerts and support automated response, Nayyar.added.

Gurucul XDR provides the following capabilities that are proven to improve incident response times:

AI/ML Suggestive Investigation and Automated Intelligent Responses: Traditional threat hunting tools and SIEMs focus on a limited number of use cases since they rely on data and alerts from a narrow set of resources. With cloud adoption increasing at a record pace, threat hunting must span hybrid on-premises and cloud environments and ingest data from vulnerability management, IoT, medical, firewall, network devices and more.

Guruculs approach provides agentless, out-of-the-box integrations that support a comprehensive set of threat hunting applications. These include: Insider threat detection, Data exfiltration, Phishing, Endpoint forensics, Malicious processes and Network threat analytics.

Incident Timeline, Visualizations, and Reporting: Automated Incident Timelines create a smart link of the entire attack lifecycle for pre-and post-incident analysis. Timelines can span days and even years of data in easy-to-understand visualizations.

Guruculs visualization and dashboarding enables analysts to view threats from different perspectives using several widgets, including TreeMap, Bubble Chart, etc., that provide full drill-down capabilities into events without leaving the interface. The unique scorecard widget generates a spider chart representation of cyber threat hunting outcomes such as impact, sustaining mitigation measures, process improvements scores, etc.

Risk Prioritized Automated Response: Integration with Gurucul SOAR enables analysts to invoke more than 50 actions and 100 playbooks upon detection of a threat to minimize damages.

Entity Based Threat Hunting: Perform contextual threat hunting or forensics on entities. Automate and contain any malicious or potential threat from a single interface.

Red Team Data Tagging: Teams can leverage red team exercise data and include supervised learning techniques as part of a continuous AI-based threat hunting process.

According to Gartner, XDR products aim to solve the primary challenges with SIEM products, such as effective detection of and response to targeted attacks, including native support for behavior analysis, threat intelligence, behavior profiling and analytics.

Further, the primary value propositions of an XDR product are to improve security operations productivity and enhance detection and response capabilities by including more security components into a unified whole that offers multiple streams of telemetry, Gartner added.

The result, the firm said, is to present options for multiple forms of detection and . . multiple methods of response.

Gurucul XDR provides the following capabilities that are proven to improve incident response times by nearly 70%:

Surgical Response

Intelligent Centralized Investigation

Rapid Incident Correlation and Causation

Gurucul XDR is available immediately from Gurucul and its business partners worldwide.

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Gurucul XDR Uses Machine Learning & Integration for Real-Time Threat Detection, Incident Response - Integration Developers

– Retracing the evolution of classical music with machine learning – Design Products & Applications

05 February 2021

Researchers in EPFLs Digital and Cognitive Musicology Lab in the College of Humanities used an unsupervised machine learning model to reveal how modes such as major and minor have changed throughout history.

Many people may not be able to define what a minor mode is in music, but most would almost certainly recognise a piece played in a minor key. Thats because we intuitively differentiate the set of notes belonging to the minor scale which tend to sound dark, tense, or sad from those in the major scale, which more often connote happiness, strength, or lightness.

But throughout history, there have been periods when multiple other modes were used in addition to major and minor or when no clear separation between modes could be found at all.

Understanding and visualising these differences over time is what Digital and Cognitive Musicology Lab (DCML) researchers Daniel Harasim, Fabian Moss, Matthias Ramirez, and Martin Rohrmeier set out to do in a recent study, which has been published in the open-access journal Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. For their research, they developed a machine learning model to analyze more than 13,000 pieces of music from the 15th to the 19th centuries, spanning the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, early Romantic, and late-Romantic musical periods.

We already knew that in the Renaissance [1400-1600], for example, there were more than two modes. But for periods following the Classical era [1750-1820], the distinction between the modes blurs together. We wanted to see if we could nail down these differences more concretely, Harasim explains.

Machine listening (and learning)

The researchers used mathematical modelling to infer both the number and characteristics of modes in these five historical periods in Western classical music. Their work yielded novel data visualizations showing how musicians during the Renaissance period, like Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, tended to use four modes, while the music of Baroque composers, like Johann Sebastian Bach, revolved around the major and minor modes. Interestingly, the researchers could identify no clear separation into modes of the complex music written by Late Romantic composers, like Franz Liszt.

Harasim explains that the DCMLs approach is unique because it is the first time that unlabelled data have been used to analyse modes. This means that the pieces of music in their dataset had not been previously categorized into modes by a human.

We wanted to know what it would look like if we gave the computer the chance to analyse the data without introducing human bias. So, we applied unsupervised machine learning methods, in which the computer 'listens' to the music and figures out these modes on its own, without metadata labels.

Although much more complex to execute, this unsupervised approach yielded especially interesting results which are, according to Harasim, more cognitively plausible with respect to how humans hear and interpret music.

We know that musical structure can be very complex and that musicians need years of training. But at the same time, humans learn about these structures unconsciously, just as a child learns a native language. Thats why we developed a simple model that reverse engineers this learning process, using a class of so-called Bayesian models that are used by cognitive scientists, so that we can also draw on their research.

From class project to publicationand beyond

Harasim notes with satisfaction that this study has its roots in a class project that he and his co-authors Moss and Ramirez did together as students in EPFL professor Robert Wests course, Applied Data Analysis. He hopes to take the project even further by applying their approach to other musical questions and genres.

For pieces within which modes change, it would be interesting to identify exactly at what point such changes occur. I would also like to apply the same methodology to jazz, which was the focus of my PhD dissertation because the tonality in jazz is much richer than just two modes.

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- Retracing the evolution of classical music with machine learning - Design Products & Applications

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Market 2021 inclining trends with NVIDIA Corporation, Intel Corporation, GENERAL ELECTRIC…

Travel Guard has specific cruise insurance policies, which makes it simpler than trying to find an add-on. If youre getting a quote online, theyll ask you to specify if youre taking a plane, a cruise, or both. They cover any emergency travel assistance, trip interruption, delay, or cancellation.

Cruise travel insurance secures non-refundable investments related to your trip. It reimburses you if you have to cancel your international cruise unexpectedly prior to your departure. It also provides medical coverage for unexpected injuries and illnesses. Cruise travel insurance policies provide medical coverage while you are on a holiday. A cancellation after this can mean a huge financial loss, but a cruise travel insurance policyholder shall be covered for cancellation or postponement of trips.

The aim of the report is to equip relevant players in deciphering essential cues about the various real-time market based developments, also drawing significant references from historical data, to eventually present a highly effective market forecast and prediction, favoring sustainable stance and impeccable revenue flow despite challenges such as sudden pandemic, interrupted production and disrupted sales channel in the Cruise Travel Insurance market.

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Key players profiled in the report includes:

Allianz, AIG, Munich RE, Generali, Tokio Marine, Sompo Japan, CSA Travel Protection, AXA, Pingan Baoxian, Mapfre Asistencia, USI Affinity, Seven Corners, Hanse Merkur, MH Ross, STARR

Market Segmentation by type:

Market Segmentation by application:

This report is well documented to present crucial analytical review affecting the Cruise Travel Insurance market amidst COVID-19 outrage. The report is so designed to lend versatile understanding about various market influencers encompassing a thorough barrier analysis as well as an opportunity mapping that together decide the upcoming growth trajectory of the market. In the light of the lingering COVID-19 pandemic, this mindfully drafted research offering is in complete sync with the current ongoing market developments as well as challenges that together render tangible influence upon the holistic growth trajectory of the Cruise Travel Insurance market.

Besides presenting a discerning overview of the historical and current market specific developments, inclined to aid a future-ready business decision, this well-compiled research report on the Cruise Travel Insurance market also presents vital details on various industry best practices comprising SWOT and PESTEL analysis to adequately locate and maneuver profit scope. Therefore, to enable and influence a flawless market-specific business decision, aligning with the best industry practices, this specific research report on the market also lends a systematic rundown on vital growth triggering elements comprising market opportunities, persistent market obstacles and challenges, also featuring a comprehensive outlook of various drivers and threats that eventually influence the growth trajectory in the Cruise Travel Insurance market.

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Global Cruise Travel Insurance Geographical Segmentation Includes:

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (U.K., France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Central & Eastern Europe, CIS)

Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, ASEAN, India, Rest of Asia Pacific)

Latin America (Brazil, Rest of L.A.)

Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC, Rest of Middle East)

Some Major TOC Points:

Chapter 1. Report Overview

Chapter 2. Global Growth Trends

Chapter 3. Market Share by Key Players

Chapter 4. Breakdown Data by Type and Application

Chapter 5. Market by End Users/Application

Chapter 6. COVID-19 Outbreak: Cruise Travel Insurance Industry Impact

Chapter 7. Opportunity Analysis in Covid-19 Crisis

Chapter 9. Market Driving Force

And More

In this latest research publication a thorough overview of the current market scenario has been portrayed, in a bid to aid market participants, stakeholders, research analysts, industry veterans and the like to borrow insightful cues from this ready-to-use market research report, thus influencing a definitive business discretion. The report in its subsequent sections also portrays a detailed overview of competition spectrum, profiling leading players and their mindful business decisions, influencing growth in the Cruise Travel Insurance market.

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Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Market 2021 inclining trends with NVIDIA Corporation, Intel Corporation, GENERAL ELECTRIC...

NTUC LearningHub Survey Reveals Accelerated Business Needs In Cloud Computing And Machine Learning Outpacing Singapore Talent Supply; Skills Gap A…

SINGAPORE -Media OutReach-5 February2021 -Despite majority of Singapore employers(89%) reporting that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of cloudcomputing and Machine Learning (ML) in their companies, obstacles abound. Singaporebusiness leaders say that the largest hindrance to adopting cloud computing andML technologies is the shortage of relevant in-house IT support (64%), amongstother reasons such as 'employees do not have the relevant skill sets' (58%) and'the lack of financial resources' (46%).

alt="NTUC LearningHub Survey Reveals Accelerated Business Needs In Cloud Computing And Machine Learning Outpacing Singapore Talent Supply; Skills Gap A Hindrance To Implementing These Technologies"

These are some ofthe key findings from the recently launched NTUC LearningHub (NTUC LHUB)Industry Insights report on cloud computing and ML in Singapore. The report is basedon in-depth interviews with industry experts, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS)and NTUC LHUB, and a survey with 300 hiring managers across industries inSingapore.

While organisationsare keen to adopt cloud computing and ML to improve the company's businessperformance (64%), obtain business insights from Big Data (59%) and performmundane or tedious tasks (53%), a third of Singapore employers (32%) say theircompanies have insufficient talent to implement cloud computing and MLtechnologies.

To overcome thisshortage, companies say they have been upskilling employees that have relevantskill sets/ roles (55%), and reskilling employees that have completelydifferent skill sets/ roles (44%). In a further show of how organisations werewilling to take steps to overcome this skills gap, three in five (61%) stronglyagree or agree that they will be open to hiring individuals with relevantmicro-credentials, even if these candidates has no relevant experience oreducation degrees.

Looking to thefuture, four in five employers (81%) agree or strongly agree that ML will bethe most in-demand Artificial Intelligence (AI) skill in 2021. Meanwhile, sevenout of 10 surveyed (70%) indicated they will be willing to offer a premium fortalent with AI and ML skills.

"The report reinforces the growing demand for a cloud-skilled workforce inSingapore, and the critical need to upskill and reskill local talent", said TanLee Chew, Managing Director, ASEAN, Worldwide Public Sector, AWS. "Thecollaboration across government, businesses, education and traininginstitutions will be instrumental in helping Singapore employers address theseskills gaps. AWS will continue to collaborate with training providers like NTUCLearningHub to make skills training accessible to help Singaporeans, fromstudents to adult learners, to remain relevant today and prepare for the future."

NTUC LHUB's Head ofICT, Isa Nasser also adds, "While much of the talent demand encompasses technicalpositions such as data scientists and data engineers, businesses are alsolooking for staff to pick up practical ML and data science skills sets that canbe applied to their existing work. Thatis why in today's digital age, most professionals would benefit greatly frompicking up some data science skills to enable them to deploy ML applicationsand use cases in their organization. We highly urge workers to get started on equipping themselveswith ML skills, including understanding the core concepts of data science, aswell as familiarising themselves on the use of cloud or ML platforms such as AmazonSageMaker."

To download theIndustry Insights: Cloud Computing and ML report, visit

https://www.ntuclearninghub.com/machine-learning-cloud.

NTUCLearningHub is the leading Continuing Education and Training provider in Singapore,which aims to transform the lifelong employability of working people. Since ourcorporatisation in 2004, we have been working employers and individual learnersto provide learning solutions in areas such as Cloud, Infocomm Technology,Healthcare, Employability & Literacy, Business Excellence, Workplace Safety& Health, Security, Human Resources and Foreign Worker Training.

Todate, NTUC LearningHub has helped over 25,000 organisations and achieved over2.5 million training places across more than 500 courses with a pool of over460 certified trainers. As a Total Learning Solutions provider toorganisations, we also forge partnerships and offer a wide range of relevantend-to-end training solutions and work constantly to improve our trainingquality and delivery. In 2020, we have accelerated our foray into onlinelearning with our Virtual Live Classes and, through working with best-in-classpartners such as IBM, DuPont Sustainable Solutions and GO1, asynchronous onlinecourses.

For moreinformation, visitwww.ntuclearninghub.com.

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NTUC LearningHub Survey Reveals Accelerated Business Needs In Cloud Computing And Machine Learning Outpacing Singapore Talent Supply; Skills Gap A...

Hutch Clinic welcomes new physicians in Neurology and OB/GYN – The Hutchinson News

By The News staff| The Hutchinson News

Hutchinson Clinic announced the addition of two doctors to its roster of physicians Drs. Rizwan Hassan and Jessica Poteet.

Dr. Hassan comes to Hutchinson from Wichita, where he has more than 40 years of experience diagnosing and treating neurological conditions ranging from epilepsy, Parkinsons, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.

Most recently, he worked with the Neurology Associates of Kansas to conduct neurological testing and procedures.

In neurology, a specialty that affects all systems of the body, Dr. Hassan approaches patient care with a long-term relationship in mind, acting with compassion and collaborating with other specialists to determine his patients best care path forward.

Dr. Poteet, a graduate of Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, comes to Hutchinson from Utica Park Clinic of Owasso, Oklahoma. She also served as Chief of Surgery for Bailey Medical Center and previously as Chief Resident for St. Anthony Hospital.

Dr. Poteet aims to be a health partner to the women she serves.

She takes a creative and personalized approach to care, assessing the wants and needs of her patients to find solutions that they are comfortable with and to support them during big life moments.

Hutchinson Clinic is expanding access to high-quality care in 2021 with the addition of these two new physicians to our leading clinical team, said Mike Heck, CEO of Hutchinson Clinic.

Dr. Rizwan Hassan will offer new expertise to our patients and play a vital role in building our neurology services," he said. "Our OB/GYN team continues to grow, serving mothers, women, and families in our community, with the addition of Dr. Jessica Poteet. They are both excellent providers who share in our mission and passion for serving the community.

Both are accepting new patients. Call (620) 669-2500 or visit HutchClinic.com to schedule a visit.

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Hutch Clinic welcomes new physicians in Neurology and OB/GYN - The Hutchinson News

Study Examines Neurologic Emergencies at the Extremes of Age – Pharmacy Times

Raquel S. Mateus, PharmD Candidate

PediatricsInvestigators highlighted 4 emergency conditions in the pediatric population: acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracranial hemorrhage, fever and altered mental status (AMS), and seizures.1

Pediatric stroke is rare, and children younger than 5 years are the most likely to experience AIS. Children with AIS can also present with AMS, fever, or seizure. The management of pediatric stroke requires administering weight-based tPA.1

In intracranial hemorrhage, many principles of adult care are the same in pediatric patients. However, guidelines are less clear about target blood pressure in the pediatric population. In cases of cerebral edema or impending herniation, administration of either mannitol or hypertonic saline are equally acceptable.1

When a pediatric patient presents with AMS, pharmacists and other health care providers should consider acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and antiN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR). Both ADEM and anti-NMDAR encephalitis require early initiation of steroids and empiric treatment for bacterial and viral meningitis.

In pediatric patients, seizures can take many forms, such as neonatal seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neonatal seizures can present with mouthing (touching hands and objects to the lips or placing them in the mouth), horizontal eye deviation, blinking, or single limb extension. First-line treatment is phenobarbital 20 mg/kg.1,2

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus is associated with higher mortality, longer pediatric ICU stays, and increased long-term disability. Treatment includes a trial of a short-acting antiepileptic medications and close observation.1

ElderlyThe researchers also focused on 4 neurologic conditions in the elderly: AIS, AMS, Parkinson disease, and meningitis.1

Some atypical AIS presentations in the elderly include dizziness, falls, headache, nausea, vomiting, difficulty walking, seizure, and urinary incontinence. Advanced age alone is not a contraindication for IV tPA within 3 hours. Around 25% of older adults in the ED have some form of AMS. The Delirium Triage Screen is a valid tool to diagnose delirium, another form of cognitive impairment.1

Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1% of the population above the age of 60 years. Acute worsening in Parkinson disease is usually due to a medication change, infection, or missed subdural hemorrhage.1

In bacterial meningitis, the elderly present with atypical symptoms and are less likely to have a fever, neck stiffness, rash, or leukocytosis. Empiric antibiotics should include vancomycin and a third-generation cephalosporin.1

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Study Examines Neurologic Emergencies at the Extremes of Age - Pharmacy Times

Neurologist Says Severe Headaches Can Be Long-Lasting COVID-19 Symptom – News On 6

A neurologist said theres another long-lasting symptom of COVID-19: severe headaches.

Dr. Jaclyn Duvall said post-viral headaches are nothing new, but whats different about COVID is how long the headaches last and how intense they can be. Dr. Duvall said without treatment, these headaches can be crippling.

"This can be completely life-changing," Duvall said.

Amber Ostasik is one of Dr. Duvall's patients at Hillcrest's Utica Park Clinic. She suffered severe headaches for months after her COVID-19 diagnosis.

"It was very debilitating," Ostasik said. "I was in and out of urgent care because the pain would get so bad that I didn't know what to do."

Ostasik said she was diagnosed with COVID-19 last June and after a few weeks of recovery thought she was in the clear, but the headaches came back.

"When they came back, they came back with a vengeance. Headaches, that doesnt sum up what I was having. I was having head pain. I mean I couldnt see straight the pain was so bad.By the time I saw Dr. Duvall I was in a desperate place," Ostasik said.

Dr. Duvall said the majority of people with the coronavirus won't experience such serious symptoms, but a growing number of people aren't so fortunate.

"I'd say a vast majority of individuals are actually improving within the first few weeks after recovery, but we are seeing a number of patients that are having these lingering effects, even in Amber's case up to 100 days after experiencing COVID," Dr. Duvall said.

Ostasik recovered after specialized treatment but said when she was first diagnosed with COVID-19, she never expected such severe symptoms to last so long.

"I'm in my mid-thirties, I run marathons, I'll be fine. If I get it, I'll get over it within two weeks," Ostasik thought. "I think it was really eye-opening not just for me, but for everyone around me. This could be potentially life-changing."

Dr. Duvall said if your symptoms also linger well after a COVID diagnosis, you should consider going to a specialist for treatment.

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Neurologist Says Severe Headaches Can Be Long-Lasting COVID-19 Symptom - News On 6

Detecting Alzheimer’s Gets Easier with a Simple Blood Test – Scientific American

When a patient complains of forgetfulness, a neurologist might not know immediately whether it results from normal aging, reduced blood flow to the brainor, more ominously, Alzheimers disease. For much of the past century, a definitive Alzheimers diagnosis could only be made during an autopsy. Brain imaging and spinal fluid tests now make it possible to spot the disease in patients even before the initial symptoms appear. But these invasive tests are expensive and generally limited to research settings that are not part of routine care for the millions of people suffering from the most common neurodegenerative disorder.

An era in which an Alzheimers diagnosis can begin in a doctors office is now arriving. Advances in technologies to detect early signs of disease from a blood sample are helping doctors to identify the memory-robbing disorder more accurately and to screen participants more quickly for trials of potential treatments for the more than five million people in the U.S. afflicted with Alzheimers. (Estimates predict that, by 2030, there will be 76 million people worldwide who will receive a diagnosis of Alzheimers or other dementias.)

Last fall, a blood test developed by C2N Diagnostics in St. Louis, Mo., became available to most of the U.S. as a routine lab testregulated under the CMS Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program. It has also received a CE mark as a diagnostic medical device in the European Unionindicating it has met safety, health and environmental protection standards for the region.

The development of a blood-based test for Alzheimers disease is just phenomenal, says Michelle Mielke, a neuroscientist and epidemiologist at the Mayo Clinic. The field has been thinking about this for a very long time. Its really been in the last couple of years that the possibility has come to fruition.

The C2N test, called PrecivityAD, uses an analytic technique known as mass spectrometry to detect specific types of beta-amyloid, a protein fragment that is a pathological hallmark of disease. Beta-amyloid proteins accumulate and form plaques visible on brain scans two decades before a patient notices memory problems. As plaques build up in the brain, levels of beta-amyloid decline in the surrounding fluid. Such changes can be measured in spinal fluid samplesand now in blood, where beta-amyloid concentrations are significantly lower. PrecivityAD is the first blood test for Alzheimers to be cleared for widespread use and one of a new generation of such assays that could enable early detection of the leading neurodegenerative diseaseperhaps decades before the onset of the first symptoms.

PrecivityAD is meant for 60- to 91-year-olds with early signs of cognitive impairment. The prescribing physician ships patient blood samples for analysis at C2Ns lab and receives results within 10 business days. The resultsa probability score that reflects the likelihood of an amyloid-positive brain scanare calculated using a proprietary algorithm that incorporates the persons age with measurements of beta-amyloid and a protein called apolipoprotein E that is known to influence Alzheimers disease risk.

Rather than serving as a stand-alone tool, the results are meant to enhance the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis by distinguishing Alzheimers dementia from memory loss caused by other conditions. The test costs $1,250 and is not currently covered by insurance, though a financial assistance program can bring out-of-pocket costs down to between $25 and $400 for eligible patients, says C2Ns chief executive Joel Braunstein.

By comparison, beta-amyloid tests using positron-emission tomography (PET) brain imaging typically cost around $5,000 and are typically not covered by insurance, and those that sample cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually cost from $800 to $1,000. Compared with these more invasive and burdensome procedures, the ease and lower cost of blood tests open up many exciting possibilities for clinical use and therapeutic development, says Adam Boxer, a neurologist at the University of California, San Francisco. Blood tests can be collected from people repeatedly in remote locations or in their homes. No drugs have yet been approved that change the course of Alzheimers. But readily available early tests could improve treatment by letting patients take measures to stay healthy, affording them an opportunity to plan for an uncertain future and participate in clinical trials.

From a preventive standpoint, blood tests could help identify whos at risk, Mielke says. Testing could also be used to screen potential participants for experimental drugs. In some past trials of beta-amyloid-reducing treatments, 15 to 30 percent of patients who met clinical criteria for Alzheimers turned out not to have brain amyloid. Nowadays trials often require participants to show evidence of disease pathology through PET scans or CSF measures. Prescreening with a cheap blood test could halve the number of PET scans needed to enroll volunteers, according to a new study published on January 22 in the journal Brain.

This would lower the cost of trials, which means more potential treatments can be tested, and that increases the chances of finding a cure, says Elisabeth Thijssen, a researcher studying blood biomarkers for Alzheimers at Amsterdam University Medical Centers in the Netherlands. Blood tests would be particularly helpful in identifying patients for trials of potential drugs that could be most effective long before the first symptom of cognitive decline.

Looking for beta-amyloid is not the only option. Some researchers believe other disease markersfor example, certain forms of the protein taucould prove more promising when incorporated in blood tests for Alzheimers. Beta-amyloid levels start to drop very early in the disease process and then reach a plateau, whereas tau markers go up later and continue to rise. That observation suggests amyloid tests could work better for early detection while tau levels are more meaningful at later stages of the disease, when someone is on the verge of decline or already symptomatic, says Oskar Hansson, a neurologist at Lund University in Sweden. Last year Thijssen and Hansson published separate studies showing that tau blood tests could distinguish Alzheimers from other neurodegenerative diseases nearly as well as CSF measurements and PET scans. Quanterix, a company in Billerica, Mass., has developed an immunoassay that detects amyloid and tau in conjunction with other neurological markers and inflammatory proteins. So far these tests are not available outside of research settings.

We researchers are super enthusiastic about these tests, Thijssen says. Most studies have been conducted in extensively studied groups of patients in neurology clinics, however. Now we have to make the step into the real world, she says. When a new patient comes in with memory complaints, is a blood test going to help physicians make a proper diagnosis?

Patients in other settings may have other ailments that could affect the accuracy of assays. Some medical conditions can influence the levels of blood proteins, possibly skewing test results. If somebody has chronic kidney disease, that can affect the clearance of proteins, Mielke says. Individuals with a high body mass index tend to have higher blood volume, so that could reduce protein levels.

UCSF neurologist Gil Rabinovici agrees that all these markers need to be validated in more diverse and generalizable cohorts. He is helping to lead a new study that will test blood assays against amyloid PET scans in 5,000 patients recruited at 350 clinical siteswith an emphasis on patients from Black and Latinx populations, which are historically underrepresented in dementia research.

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Detecting Alzheimer's Gets Easier with a Simple Blood Test - Scientific American